Comparison of the Acute Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse and Coach Encouragement on Kinematic Profiles During Small-Sided Games in Young Male Soccer Players

Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Pancar, Serkan; Soylu, Yusuf

Comparison of the Acute Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse and Coach Encouragement on Kinematic Profiles During Small-Sided Games in Young Male Soccer Players

dc.authorid	0000-0002-1772-6014
dc.authorid	0000-0002-4495-9796
dc.authorid	0000-0003-0609-0601
dc.contributor.author	Birinci, Yakup Zühtü
dc.contributor.author	Pancar, Serkan
dc.contributor.author	Soylu, Yusuf
dc.date.accessioned	2025-07-16T05:41:25Z
dc.date.available	2025-07-16T05:41:25Z
dc.date.issued	2025
dc.department	Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi
dc.description.abstract	Carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOmr), a nutritional intervention for delaying fatigue and meeting the energy demands of soccer, and the motivational strategy of coach encouragement (CE) are widely recognized as effective approaches for enhancing athletic performance in soccer. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of CHOmr + CE, CHOmr, and CE on heart rate (HR) and kinematic profiles during four-a-side small-sided soccer games (SSGs). Methods: Twenty-four young soccer players (age: 17.2 ± 0.8 years) played six bouts of four-a-side SSGs with CHOmr + CE, CHOmr, or CE at 3-day intervals in a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, or crossover study design. The HR and kinematic responses were continuously recorded during all games. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in peak heart rate (HRpeak) (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.326, p = 0.723, η2 = 0.014) and mean heart rate (HRmean) (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.845, p = 0.436, η2 = 0.035). No significant differences were found for distances in Zone 1 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 1.21, p = 0.306, η2 = 0.050), Zone 4 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.310, p = 0.735, η2 = 0.013), Zone 5 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 1.02, p = 0.368, η2 = 0.042), or Zone 6 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.161, p = 0.211, η2 = 0.055), nor acceleration (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.208, p = 0.137, η2 = 0.083) and deceleration (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.790, p = 0.460, η2 = 0.033). Similarly, although no significant differences were observed in the distance in Zone 3 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 3.12, p = 0.054, η2 = 0.119) or repeated sprint distance (p ≥ 0.05, F = 2.96, p = 0.062, η2 = 0.114), the CHOmr +CE group exhibited higher average values for these variables. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the distance covered in Zone 2 (p ≤ 0.05, F = 3.89, p = 0.028, η2 = 0.145), with the CHOmr +CE group performing better, as confirmed by the post-hoc analyses. Conclusions: Although our findings indicate that CE alone may influence kinematic profiles during SSGs, similar to CHOmr or its combination with CE, further research should explore the underlying mechanisms and potential contextual factors influencing these outcomes. Therefore, we suggest that coaches prefer CE because it is easy to implement.
dc.identifier.doi	10.3390/nu17030546
dc.identifier.issn	20726643
dc.identifier.issue	3
dc.identifier.pmid	39940403
dc.identifier.scopus	85217545296
dc.identifier.uri	https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu17030546
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/13302
dc.identifier.volume	17
dc.identifier.wos	WOS:001418785400001
dc.identifier.wosquality	Q1
dc.indekslendigikaynak	PubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak	Scopus
dc.indekslendigikaynak	Web of Science
dc.institutionauthor	Pancar, Serkan
dc.institutionauthorid	0000-0002-4495-9796
dc.language.iso	en
dc.publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.relation.ispartof	Nutrients
dc.relation.publicationcategory	Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	Coaching Behavior
dc.subject	Nutritional Strategies
dc.subject	Soccer Game-based Training
dc.subject	Verbal Feedback
dc.title	Comparison of the Acute Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse and Coach Encouragement on Kinematic Profiles During Small-Sided Games in Young Male Soccer Players
dc.type	Article