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Öğe The association between complex root canal morphology of mandibular anteriors and distolingual roots in mandibular first molars in a Turkish population(Springer Nature, 2025) Kurt, Özge; Solakoğlu, ElifBackground: This study analyzes Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of mandibular anterior teeth (MATs) in the Turkish population to assess canal configurations, anatomical symmetry, and their correlation with distolingual roots (DLRs) in mandibular first molars (MFMs). Methods: In this retrospective study, CBCT images from 2000 patients were analyzed. A total of 12,000 mandibular teeth including six MATs and MFMs from each patient were evaluated using CBCT imaging. Images meeting inclusion criteria were categorized based on Vertucci's root canal morphology system. The data were classified by gender and symmetry patterns. The relationship between MAT root canal complexity and the presence of DLRs in MFMs was assessed. Results: Type I and Type III canal configurations were the most common in MATs. Complex canals appeared more often in females than in males. Among females, a small portion exhibited a unilateral group, while nearly half had a bilateral group. In males, about half showed a bilateral group, with no unilateral cases observed. More than half of MFMs had DLRs. Unilateral DLRs were seen in a notable number of females and a larger number of males. Bilateral DLRs were present in a smaller number of females and a slightly larger number of males. There was a clear link between DLRs and complex MAT canal configurations. Complications in bilateral MATs occurred more frequently in patients with bilateral DLRs. Conclusion: In the Turkish population, DLRs in MFMs are significantly associated with complex MATs canal configurations. CBCT imaging provides essential insights into root canal anatomy, aiding in the early detection of complex morphologies for optimal endodontic treatment.Öğe Microplastic-associated biofilms in a river catchment: Diversity, public health impact, and ecosystem risks(Elsevier, 2025) Çelik, Işılay; Fırat, Müge; Çırak, Tamer; Başaran Kankılıç, Gökben; Dalgıç, Açelya; Ürker, Okan; Keskin, Emre; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü NihanMicroplastics (MPs) serve as vectors for microbial colonization and biofilm formation, posing risks to aquatic environments and public health. This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of biofilm-forming microorganisms in the Melen River catchment - a vital water source for the cosmopolitan city of İstanbul - using an environmental DNA (e-DNA) approach, which analyzes genetic material present in the environment to detect and study organisms. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were the most prevalent polymers year-round, supporting the attachment of bacterial genera such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Paludibacter, and Undibacterium. A total of 70,366 and 83,327 genera were identified from water and MPs samples, respectively. The presence of pathogens such as Acinetobacter and Flavobacterium on MPs underscores significant threats to public health and aquatic food webs. Functional predictions made using PICRUSt2, a bioinformatics tool that infers metabolic pathways from 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that biofilm-forming bacteria on plastic surfaces may be involved in fermentation, vitamin biosynthesis, nucleoside and nucleotide degradation, and secondary metabolite degradation. These findings provide crucial insights into the ecological and health risks associated with MPs, emphasizing the role of these particles in harboring pathogens, influencing biofilm formation, and contributing to plastic degradation. This study highlights the urgent need to address MPs contamination in freshwater ecosystems to mitigate its environmental and public health risks within the framework of the 'One Health' approach.Öğe Strong Amphoteric Adsorption of Reactive Red-141 onto Modified Orange Peel Derivatives: Optimization, Characterization, and Mechanism(MDPI, 2025) Koç Bilican, Behlül; Bilican, İsmail; Çelebi, Hakanfirst_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Strong Amphoteric Adsorption of Reactive Red-141 onto Modified Orange Peel Derivatives: Optimization, Characterization, and Mechanism by Behlul Koc-Bilican 1ORCID,Ismail Bilican 2 andHakan Çelebi 3,*ORCID 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Türkiye 2 Department of Electronics and Automation, Technical Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Türkiye 3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Türkiye * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Polymers 2025, 17(13), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17131875 Submission received: 2 June 2025 / Revised: 2 July 2025 / Accepted: 3 July 2025 / Published: 4 July 2025 (This article belongs to the Section Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract This study investigates the adsorption performance of Reactive Red-141 (ReR-141) using three modified orange peel derivatives: raw orange peel (ROP), oil-free orange peel (NOOP), and cellulose extract (CE). The adsorbents were prepared through sequential treatments and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate their surface morphology and functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions of pH, temperature, time, and adsorbent amount. NOOP displayed the highest adsorption capacity (99.72% removal efficiency), followed by CE (86.99%) and ROP (77.55%), under optimal conditions. The adsorption kinetics followed a PSO model, while the equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir, indicating monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic factors confirmed that the process was self-generated and primarily determined by physisorption. Desorption studies using 0.2 M NaOH demonstrated that NOOP retained 98.16% efficiency after three cycles, indicating its strong reusability. The adsorption mechanism is determined by different interactions, such as electrostatic forces, H-bonding, and π–π stacking. These findings suggest that orange peel derivatives, particularly NOOP, serve as optimal and environmentally sustainable adsorbents for the yield of ReR-141 from synthetic aqueous media.Öğe Prehospital and emergency data analysis in burn patients: Mortality predictors and response times over five years(Turkish Association of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2025) Bulut, Bensu; Genç, Murat; Öz, Medine Akkan; Yazıcı, Ramiz; Mutlu, Hüseyin; Sert, Ekrem Taha; Kokulu, Kamil; Borazan, İsmail; Turan, Ömer Faruk; Kahraman, Fatih Ahmet; Ay, SerdenBackground: This study aimed to retrospectively examine the prehospital and emergency department processes of burn cases to evaluate process effectiveness, establish regional data, and identify factors affecting mortality in burn patients. Methods: The study included 784 burn cases treated by Ankara 112 Emergency Health Services and transferred to Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Emergency Department between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2023. Demographic data, burn characteristics, response times of 112 emergency health services, and patient outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 23.4+-20.7 years, with 36.7% being female. The most common type of burn was hot liquid burns (49.9%) and 73.7% of cases involved second-degree burns. The overall mortality rate was 5%. Logistic regression analysis identified advanced age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02), presence of inhalation burns (OR: 3.33), and burn percentage as independent risk factors for mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that age >44 years (38.5% sensitivity, 83.8% specificity) and burn surface >16% (89.7% sensitivity, 77.5% specificity) were predictive thresholds for mortality. Conclusion: Advanced age, extensive burn surface area, residence in rural areas, and inhalation injuries are key predictors of mortality in burn patients. Enhancing prehospital emergency services, implementing community education programs, and adopting a multidisciplinary approach are critical for preventing and effectively managing burn injuries.Öğe Psychometric validation and measurement invariance of the self-compassion scaleshort form (SCS-SF) across gender, clinical population, and cultures(Springer Nature, 2025) Büyüköksüz, Engin; Tekin, Işıl; Arıkan, Serkan; İlkay, Şengül; Erözkan, AtılganBackground The concept of self-compassion, rooted in Eastern philosophies, is closely related to psychological wellbeing and is considered a key skill in alleviating psychological disorders. The short form (SCS-SF) of Self-Compassion Scale was developed and used by many scholars. The current study aimed to conduct an adaptation study of the SCS-SF in Turkish and to analyze its psychometric properties in clinical and non-clinical samples. Methods In the adaptation process, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the general population (n=545) and clinical population (n=246) was conducted. We also investigated evidence for convergent validity (n=274) and conducted a test-retest reliability study with a sample of 53 participants. Additionally, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the SCS-SF across different gender groups, clinical versus non-clinical samples, and cross-cultural samples (comparing Türkiye and the USA, with a sample size of 125 in the USA). Results Confirmatory factor analysis showed a six-factor model for the non-clinical sample, yielding fit indices of TLI=0.920, CFI=0.953, and RMSEA=0.095. Also, the six-factor model exhibited a good fit for the clinical sample, with TLI=0.968, CFI=0.981, and RMSEA=0.045. Reliability analysis indicated Cronbach’s alpha values were between 0.77 and 0.88, alongside a strong test-retest reliability coefficient of r=0.878 (p<0.001). Furthermore, measurement invariance was confirmed across clinical and non-clinical groups, as well as across gender groups and among Turkish and American cultural contexts, thereby affirming the scale’s applicability across varied populations. Conclusion The adapted SCS-SF scores demonstrated good reliability. The CFA showed a six-dimensional structure and there was evidence for convergent validity and measurement invariance across gender groups as well as between samples from the USA and Türkiye. Consequently, the current study indicates that the adaptation was successful, and the Turkish version can be used for both clinical and non-clinical samples. However, limitations include the reliance on self-report measures and potential cultural bias in the interpretation of self-compassion constructs.Öğe Mitigation effect of grape seed extract against cadmium-induced hormonal toxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)(Springer Nature, 2025) Korkmaz, Nuh; Erdoğan, Kenan; Örün, Gül Nihal; Erkmen, Belda; Doğru, Mehmet ilker; Doğru, Arzu; Polat, Hüseyin; Örün, İbrahimBackground Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal, poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms by disrupting endocrine and metabolic processes. Its bioaccumulation in fish can impair hormonal regulation, leading to growth suppression, stress, and thyroid dysfunction. Alternative strategies using natural compounds are being explored to mitigate these toxic effects in aquaculture. Objective In this study, the protective potential of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed extract (GSE) against the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on growth hormone, stress hormones, and thyroid hormones in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was investigated for the first time. Methods A total of 420 common carp (average weight: 75±5.0 g; average length: 15±2.0 cm) were used, and the experiments were conducted over acute (4 days) and subchronic (30 days) periods. The fish were randomly divided into seven groups, including a control group, a vehicle group (ethanol), a cadmium-only group (20 ppb), two groups receiving GSE alone (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), and two groups receiving cadmium combined with GSE (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). The GSE dosages were calculated based on the body weight of each fish (mg of extract per kg of fish body weight) and administered daily via gavage. Results Cadmium exposure caused significant hormonal disruptions in common carp, including reductions in growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and triiodothyronine levels, along with elevations in cortisol and thyroxine levels during both acute and subchronic exposure periods (P<0.05). Grape seed extract treatment mitigated many of these effects, particularly in the acute phase. It improved growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, reduced elevated cortisol concentrations, and notably increased free triiodothyronine levels, thereby contributing to the partial restoration of thyroid hormone balance. However, in the subchronic period, some hormonal disruptions-especially reduced growth hormone levels-persisted despite GSE administration. Conclusions These findings suggest that GSE may serve as a natural protective agent against heavy metal toxicity (Cd) and offer an alternative solution in aquaculture.Öğe Carvacrol Coadministration Ameliorates Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats: Behavioral and Molecular Evidence(Wiley, 2025) Kandemir, Özge; İleriturk, Mustafa; Gür, Cihan; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Yılmaz, Selçuk; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetThis study aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CRV) against Lambda-cyhalothrin (CYH)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups: Control, CRV, CYH, CYH+CRV25, and CYH+CRV50. CRV 25 or 50 mg/kg and CYH 6.23 mg/kg were administered orally for 21 days. The effects of these treatments were evaluated by hot plate and rotarod tests, followed by molecular, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses of sciatic nerve tissues. CYH administration significantly impaired both sensory and motor functions. CRV doses (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) administered with CYH significantly improved these impairments (p < 0.001). Additionally, CYH increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidants, while CRV treatment reversed these effects. CRV also suppressed inflammation (p < 0.01), apoptosis (p < 0.001), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (p < 0.001), with the 50 mg/kg dose being more effective. Morphological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that CRV treatment partially repaired CYH-induced nerve damage, with both doses reducing 8-OHdG and beclin-1 immunoreactions. The data revealed that CYH induced inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in sciatic tissue, while CRV exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, reducing the damage and suggesting its potential as a supportive treatment for CYH-induced sciatic damage.Öğe Morin Attenuates Diclofenac-Induced Hepatocellular Death Injury via Nrf2/Ho-1/NQO1, Beclin-1/LC3A/LC3B and p53/Bax/Caspase Signalling Pathways(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Gür, Cihan; Küçükler, Sefa; İleritürk, Mustafa; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetDiclofenac (DF), a nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drug, has limited use due to its adverse effects on the liver. On the other hand, morin, a bioflavonoid, has biological and pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate whether morin may protect against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity. For this purpose, morin (50 or 100 mg/kg) treatment was given orally to the rats for 5 days, and DF (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the 4th and 5th days of the study. Molecular, biochemical, immunohistochemical and histological methods were used to investigate cyclooxygenase enzymes, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in liver tissue. According to the data obtained, it was observed that DF caused oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis damage in liver tissues. Morin showed antioxidant properties, causing a decrease in MDA in hepatic tissue, an increase in the activities of endogenous antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH, HO-1, Nrf2 and NQO1 mRNA levels. Moreover, morin reversed the changes in the levels of apoptotic and autophagic parameters such as bax, bcl-2, cytochrome c, p53, Apaf-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B, MAPK14, MAP15, JNK. When the histopathological analysis results were examined, degenerative changes occurred in the livers of rats administered DF, while morin administration showed a morphological structure close to the control group. As a result, it was determined that oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis caused by DF were suppressed by morin, thus protecting the liver tissue from damage.Öğe Assessment of the Impact of Fruit Vinegars on the Tenderness and Quality Attributes of Spent Hen Meat(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Erdem, NuranThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of marinades formulated with fruit vinegars (grapefruit, jujube, pineapple, strawberry) on the physicochemical, structural (Texture Profile Analysis-TPA, Warner–Bratzler shear force-WBSF, shear energy-WBSE, Scanning Electron Microscope-SEM), microbiological (total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, yeast, and mold), and sensory characteristics (odor, color, flavor, texture, overall acceptance) of sample from 83-week-old spent laying hens, which are typically known for their tough texture. The samples were manually mixed to evenly distribute the solid components within the marinades, then refrigerated at 4°C for 24 h. Following marination, they were cooked in a convection oven at 160°C for 30 min. The addition of vinegar contributed to lower pH levels and reduced cooking loss in the meat. The highest moisture content and water-holding capacity were observed in the Cp group. Marination with vinegar caused a significant reduction in L* values, while it resulted in an increase in a* values. SEM images revealed that marination with vinegar led to extensive degradation of connective tissues. Meat marinated with pineapple and strawberry vinegar showed significantly lower hardness, WBSF, and WBSE (p < 0.05). These results were further supported by sensory analysis, as texture scores aligned with the TPA and SEM findings. Marination with vinegars caused a significant reduction in microbial counts. The findings indicate that among the vinegars studied, pineapple and strawberry vinegar emerge as effective natural tenderizing agents, enhancing the textural properties of tough meats while potentially improving other quality attributes.Öğe The effect of disaster risk perceptions on disaster preparedness levels of students at a university in Turkey(BMC, 2025) Kalın, Bahar; Yeşilyurt, MaideBackground Disaster risk perception significantly influences individuals’ preparedness behaviors, shaping how they respond to potential hazards. Understanding students’ risk perceptions and preparedness levels is crucial for developing targeted educational programs that enhance resilience within university communities. Methods This study aimed to determine the effect of disaster risk perception of health services students on their disaster preparedness levels. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted between February and May 2024 with 403 students studying at a vocational school of health services of a university in Türkiye. The sample selection aimed to include the entire population. The study data were collected face-to-face using a descriptive characteristics form, the University Students’ Disaster Risk Perception Scale, and the Disaster Preparedness Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. Additionally, correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were performed.Öğe Comparison of total IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to a novel trivalent recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine containing serotype 6(Academic Press, 2025) Balevi, Aslı; İlban, Ayşegül; Uslu, Ali; Toslak, Emine Eda; Sayın, Zafer; Sanioğlu Gölen, GökçenurMannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) causes significant losses in livestock, but cross-protection between serotypes is limited. Current commercial vaccines primarily target serotypes 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) despite the increasing incidence of serotype 6 (S6) infections. While leukotoxin (LKT) is a common vaccine target, serotype-1 specific antigen (SSA-1) is often overlooked. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers, crucial for evaluating vaccine efficacy, are not routinely measured. This study aimed to develop a trivalent vaccine targeting S1, S2, and S6 using recombinant LKT (rLKT) and rSSA-1, and to evaluate total IgG and nAbs responses following vaccination in the murine model. Three M. haemolytica strains (S1, S2, and S6) with diverse phenotypic characteristics were selected. A host specificity protein J (250 kDa) was identified in the S6 strain grown in Todd-Hewitt broth. This protein caused widespread bleeding in experimental mouse groups, raising considerations for its inclusion in future vaccine formulations. A trivalent vaccine was prepared by different serotypes (S1, S2, and S6), rLKT, rSSA-1, and Montanide™ ISA 206 VG adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated twice at 21-day intervals. Total IgG and nAb titers were measured using in-house ELISAs and Vero cell neutralization assays, respectively. Total IgG revealed the highest antibody responses against S2 pellet and S6 supernatant antigens. The result of nAb titers in the vaccinated mice; was 1/80 (log101.9) against three pellets (S1, S2, and S6), and supernatant protein (S6) in contrast to 1/40 (log101.6) against other supernatant proteins (S1, S2). The vaccine demonstrated an odds ratio of 0.97. Although total IgG titers against S1 were lower compared to other serotypes, nAb increases were similar across all serotypes, highlighting the importance of measuring nAb titers in addition to total IgG for a comprehensive vaccine evaluation. Challenge studies further corroborated the stimulation of nAbs. The trivalent vaccine effectively stimulated both total IgG and nAb responses against all three serotypes in mice, suggesting its potential for broad protection against M. haemolytica.Öğe The Effect of Foot Self-Massage on Peripheral Neuropathic Pain, Peripheral Skin Temperature and Patient Comfort in Individuals with Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial(University of Puerto Rico, 2025) Sayın Kasar, Kadriye; Duru Aşiret, GülerThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foot self-massage on peripheral neuropathic pain, peripheral skin temperature and patient comfort in individuals with diabetes. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 52 individuals with type 2 diabetes (26 self foot massage group and 26 control group) between August 2021 and July 2022. Individuals in the foot self-massage group performed a foot massage for 30 minutes (15 minutes for each foot) three times a week for four weeks after training. Data were collected using an Individual Description Form, a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the DN4 Pain Questionnaire and the General Comfort Scale-Short Form and peripheral skin temperature was measured. The data were evaluated using the Independent Sample-t test, Paired Sample-t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test. Continuity correction and Pearson-χ2 (chi-square) tests were used to compare categorical variables. Results: In this study, it was found that foot self-massage did not affect the peripheral neuropathic pain level of the patients, but the mean pain (VAS) scores of the patients in the foot massage group significantly decreased compared to the patients in the control groups. In addition, it was found that foot self-massage did not affect patients’ peripheral skin temperature and patient comfort. Conclusion: It is recommended that foot massage, which can be applied by itself without time and place restrictions, be learned by patients and supported by health professionals because it is easy to apply, practical and economical.Öğe C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and systemic immune-inflammatory index as potential markers in distinguishing acute cerebellar infarction from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, 2025) Şahin, Oruç; Güneş, Muzaffer; Dönmez, RecepTo investigate the potential utility of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) as a biomarker in distinguishing between BPPV and acute cerebellar infarction (ACI) due to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involvement. METHODS: The data of 2545 patients registered in our hospital database between 2017 and 2024 with a diagnosis of vertigo were retrospectively analyzed and 102 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and 100 patients with ACI were included in the study. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test were used to compare variables between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to investigate the predictive value of the data. RESULTS: The CAR and SII values were significantly higher in the ACI group compared to the BPPV group (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were as follows: CAR=0.768 (95% CI, 0.705-0.832), white blood cell count (WBC)=0.735 (95% CI, 0.667-0.802), monocytes=0.622 (95% CI, 0.544-0.699), red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD)=0.600 (95% CI, 0.522-0.678), SII=0.674 (95% CI, 0.599-0.748), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)=0.687 (95% CI, 0.613-0.761). CONCLUSION: CAR and SII could be useful biomarkers to differentiate between ACI and BPPV in vertigo patients, but further validation is needed in larger studies.Öğe The Effect of Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Factors on Medication Adherence in Chronic Diseases in Turkey Using Structural Equation Modeling(Springer, 2025) Bilgin, Aylin; Döner, Ayser; Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter; Muz, GamzeThis study was to examine the factors associated with medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases within the concept of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 837 patients diagnosed with chronic diseases were included in this study between November 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected based on the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. Medication adherence level was evaluated with the “Medication Adherence Report Scale.” “Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale,” “Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale,” and “Spiritual Well-Being Scale” were used to evaluate the psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. Anxiety, social support status, and spiritual status were important correlates of medication adherence levels in individuals with chronic diseases. It was determined that variables such as age, gender, and number of chronic diseases did not affect medication adherence. Medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases is significantly associated with psychological, social, and spiritual factors. Therefore, when evaluating medication adherence, it should not be forgotten that it is a multifaceted concept and individuals should also be evaluated from psychological, social, and spiritual perspectives.Öğe Functional Bacterial Cellulose-Based MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Electronic-Skin Patch for Accelerated Healing and Monitoring(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025) İlhan, Saliha Nur; Akyüz Yılmaz; Çiftçi, FatihThis study aims to develop and characterize electroactive hydrogels based on reduced bacterial cellulose (BC) and Ti3C2Tx-MXene for their potential application in wound healing and real-time monitoring. Impact Statement: The integration of Ti3C2Tx-MXene into BC matrices represents a novel approach to creating multifunctional hydrogels that combine biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and mechanical durability. These properties make the hydrogels promising candidates for advanced wound care and real-time monitoring applications. Introduction: Wound healing requires materials that support cell growth, promote tissue regeneration, and enable real-time monitoring. MXenes, a class of 2-dimensional materials, offer unique electrical and mechanical properties, making them suitable for biomedical applications. This study explores the integration of Ti3C2Tx-MXene with BC, a biopolymer known for its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, to create electroactive composite hydrogel films for advanced wound care. Methods: Ti3C2Tx-MXene was synthesized by etching Ti3AlC2 with hydrofluoric acid and integrated into BC pellicles produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinum. The composite hydrogel films underwent characterization through x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine structural, chemical, and thermal properties. Mechanical testing assessed tensile and compressive strengths. Biological assessments, including cell viability, hemolysis rate, and protein expression, evaluated biocompatibility and regenerative potential. Results: XRD confirmed the crystallographic structure of MXene and BC composite film. XPS and FTIR validated the successful incorporation of MXene into the film matrix. Composite hydrogel films demonstrated a tensile strength of 3.5 MPa and a compressive strength of 4.2 MPa. TGA showed stability up to 350 °C, and the electrical conductivity reached 9.14 × 10−4 S/m, enabling real-time monitoring capabilities. Cell viability exceeded 95%, with a hemolysis rate below 2%. Protein expression studies revealed the ability to promote skin regeneration through collagen I, K10, K5, and filaggrin expression. Conclusion: The BC/MXene composite hydrogel films exhibit important potential as electronic-skin patches for accelerating wound healing and enabling real-time monitoring. Their unique combination of mechanical durability, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility highlights their promise for advanced wound care applications.Öğe Effects of Intrauterine Isoproterenol Administration on Ovarian Follicular Development in Cows(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Tohumcu, Vefa; Cengiz, Mehmet; Hayirli A.; Altınkaynak, K.; Arslanbaş, Emre; Çıplak, Alper Yasin; Aydın, S.; Alat, ÖmercanIsoproterenol (ISO) is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist known for its vasodilatory effects. This experiment aims to investigate whether intrauterine ISO administration could alter vascular indices and follicular development in postpartum Holstein cows. Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate the effects of intrauterine ISO administration on vascular changes and its impact on follicular development compared to placebo groups. Study Design: This randomized controlled study was conducted on 36 Holstein cows selected based on their health status, including only those free from reproductive, metabolic and infectious disorders. Methods: The cows (n = 36) were divided into two groups as control received distilled water alone (CON, n = 18) and experiment received 4 mg ISO in 40 mL distilled water (ISO, n = 18) and four subgroups as CON-I (n = 9), CON-II (n = 9), ISO-I (n = 9) and ISO-II (n = 9) according to days of intrauterine administration (I or II represents to 1 or 2 days after ovulation, respectively). Uterine and ovarian artery blood flows were assessed before and after administration by Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected both before and after administration (on Day 1 or 2) and on Days 3, 6 and 9 post-ovulation for hormonal analysis. Antral follicle count (AFC) was recorded on the blood sampling days. Data were analysed via mixed model ANOVA. Results: Intrauterine ISO administration significantly increased the pulse rate (PR) in the ovaries (89.4 vs. 65.5 bpm, p < 0.0001) and uterus (90.6 vs. 64.2 bpm, p < 0.0001). Early AFC (1–2.9 mm) decreased, whereas small AFC (3–4.9 mm) increased in the ISO groups. The weighted average antral follicle size (WAAFS) significantly increased in the ISO group but remained unchanged in the controls. Hormonal analysis revealed elevated levels of FSH (626 vs. 468 mIU/mL), AMH (61.3 vs. 46.4 ng/L), E2 (138 vs. 122 ng/L), P4 (15.3 vs. 10.6 ng/mL), IGF-1 (62.6 vs. 25.1 ng/mL) and IGFBP-3 (28.4 vs. 16.5 ng/mL) in the ISO groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that intrauterine administration of ISO on Day 1 post-ovulation could be a promising ‘adjunct technique’ for future research focussed on minimizing dependence on exogenous hormones or improving the sensitivity of follicles to endogenous hormonal signals, thereby potentially enhancing oocyte yield.Öğe Online learning readiness and satisfaction in English as a foreign language at higher education context: the moderating role of engagement(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Altınsoy, Ertan; Boyraz, SerkanWith the rapid advancement of technology and the unexpected outbreak of COVID-19, educational institutions worldwide were compelled to shift to e-learning, especially in the field of foreign language instruction such as English as a Foreign Language (EFL). While online learning environments offer advantages like flexibility, accessibility, and interactivity, challenges persist in sustaining student engagement and ensuring satisfaction. This study was prompted by low student attendance in online EFL classes at a public university in Türkiye. The primary aim was to explore the mediating role of Engagement in Online Learning (EOL) in the relationship between Online Learning Readiness (OLR) and Online Learning Satisfaction (OLS). Method: The study employed a quantitative research design, involving a sample of 945 associate and undergraduate students enrolled at a state university in Türkiye. Standardized instruments were used to measure OLR, EOL, and OLS. Data were analyzed using correlation and mediation analyses, along with tests for moderation by demographic variables such as age and gender. Results and discussion: Findings indicated a medium-level, positive, and statistically significant relationship between students’ OLR and their OLS. A strong positive correlation was also found between OLR and EOL. Furthermore, engagement (EOL) was shown to significantly mediate the relationship between readiness (OLR) and satisfaction (OLS), suggesting that students’ active participation plays a crucial role in achieving satisfaction in online learning environments. Age was not a moderating factor in the readiness-satisfaction link, whereas gender was found to have a significant moderating effect. Additionally, a moderate, positive, and significant relationship was observed between engagement and satisfaction. These results highlight the importance of fostering engagement to enhance students’ online learning experiences and outcomes in EFL contexts.Öğe Optimal graft choices for tibial plateau fractures with joint depression(Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, 2025) Öktem, Umut; Uysal, Özgur Selim; Dastan, Muhammed Cihan; Bulut, Mustafa; Bozkurt, İbrahim; Bingöl, İzzet; Öçgüder, Durmuş AliThis study aims to provide insight into the advantages and disadvantages of autograft and synthetic graft use in the surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures with joint depression by comparing the clinical and radiological outcomes of both graft types. Patients and methods: Between February 2019 and September 2022, a total of 51 patients (23 males, 28 females; mean age: 45.3±13.5 years; range, 20 to 69 years) who underwent surgical treatment for Schatzker type 2 and type 3 tibial plateau fractures in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups; 30 patients received autografts and 21 received tricalcium phosphate synthetic grafts. Demographic data, graft type, fracture classification, preoperative joint depression, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status were recorded. Postoperative evaluations included Lysholm and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at two years.Öğe Effects of coadministration of foot and mouth disease vaccine and inactivated parapoxvirus ovis on humoral immunity in cattle(Polska Akademia Nauk, 2025) Canbar, R.; Uslu, M.Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease in animals. Inactive parapoxvirus ovis (IPPVO) strengthens humoral immunity. This study aimed to determine the effect of IPPVO application together with FMD vaccine on cattle immunity. It included 30 Holstein cattle randomly divided into two groups: one was administered only the FMD vaccine, and the other was administered the FMD vaccine and IPPVO simultaneously. Control blood was collected from all animals at 0 hours. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured in blood samples collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours post-vaccination, while serum IgG and IgM levels were measured in blood samples collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days post-vaccination using ELISA kits. While no changes in serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were detected in the FMD group, IL-1β levels significantly increased (peaking at four hours) in the FMD + IPPVO group. In the FMD group, while IgG levels increased significantly (peaking at 16 days), IgM levels did not change. In the FMD + IPPVO group, IgG level on day 8 days was higher than the 16 days value. Also, the IgM level increased significantly on day 16. In conclusion, the application of FMD with IPPVO increases the primary immune response (IgM), but it does not effect the long-term immune response (IgM).Öğe The role of PRP in the healing of disc degeneration and the effect of local anesthetics on PRP(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Mert, Ahmet; İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Aydın, Murat; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Sönmez, Osman FikretThis study aimed to investigate the regenerative effects of PRP on an experimental rat model of disc degeneration using histological and biochemical parameters. Additionally, we evaluated whether ropivacaine, a local anesthetic commonly used in clinical practice, affects the efficacy of PRP. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups as control and treatment groups. Disc degeneration models were established using appropriate procedures. On the intervention day, PRP was prepared from whole blood collected from the rats. PRP, PRP + ropivacaine, or ropivacaine alone was administered at the appropriate doses and according to standardized protocols. Results: In the untreated disc degeneration groups, annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) boundaries were indistinct, disc morphology was disrupted, collagen structures in the AF were degenerated or irregular, and vacuolization, interstitial edema, and necrotic tissue remnants were observed in the NP region. In contrast, in groups treated with PRP and PRP + ropivacaine, a reduction in edema and vacuolization, disappearance of necrotic tissue, restoration of distinct NP and AF boundaries, and decreased atrophy and cellular clustering in NP cells were observed. Biochemical analysis showed that IL-6 and TNF-α levels were within normal ranges in the groups treated with PRP and PRP + ropivacaine, whereas these levels remained elevated in the untreated disc degeneration groups, indicating ongoing effects of degeneration. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the regenerative effects of PRP in disc degeneration through histological and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, the addition of ropivacaine to PRP did not exert any negative effects on PRP’s regenerative properties.
