The Effect of Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Factors on Medication Adherence in Chronic Diseases in Turkey Using Structural Equation Modeling

This study was to examine the factors associated with medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases within the concept of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 837 patients diagnosed with chronic diseases were included in this study between November 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected based on the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. Medication adherence level was evaluated with the “Medication Adherence Report Scale.” “Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale,” “Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale,” and “Spiritual Well-Being Scale” were used to evaluate the psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. Anxiety, social support status, and spiritual status were important correlates of medication adherence levels in individuals with chronic diseases. It was determined that variables such as age, gender, and number of chronic diseases did not affect medication adherence. Medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases is significantly associated with psychological, social, and spiritual factors. Therefore, when evaluating medication adherence, it should not be forgotten that it is a multifaceted concept and individuals should also be evaluated from psychological, social, and spiritual perspectives.