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Öğe Nervus ischiadicus variations and clinical importance: A cadaver and MRI study(Bayrakol MP, 2025) Taş, Ferhat; Özbağ, Davut; Öğetürk, Murat; Maraş Özdemir, Zeynep; Karatoprak, Nur Betül; Çevirgen, Furkan; Arpacı, Furkan; Karataş, TurgayIn this study, the variations, bifurcation levels, morphometric and topographic features of the ischiadicus nerve (NI), which has an important role in its protection, were investigated. Material and Methods: In eighteen cadaver limb dissections, variations related to NI and musculus piriformis (MP) and NI bifurcation levels, morphometric and topographic features of NI were investigated. At the foramen infrapiriforme (FI) exit, the distance between NI and trochanter major (TM), spina iliaca anterior superior (SIAS), crista iliaca (CI), spina iliaca posterior superior (SIPS), hiatus sacralis (HS) and tuber ischiadicum (TI) was measured. NI variations were investigated in 115 hip MRIs of 59 patients in the radiology archives. Results: No variation was encountered in NIs other than Type A, which is the most common and considered normal. In all lower extremities, it was observed that the NI bifurcated in the distal 1/3 of the thigh (Group E). FI-TM: 71 +/- 9.62 mm, FI-SIAS: 129.56 +/- 8.98 mm, FI-CI: 134.6 +/- 6.33 mm, FI-SIPS: 80.77 +/- 10.40 mm, FI-HS: 78.16 +/- 10.54 mm and FI-TI: 55.11 +/- 5.56 mm was found. 115 Magnetic resonance radiographs (MRI) showed Type B variation in 5 hips (4.34%) and Type A variation in the others (95.65%). Discussion: We think that our cadaver and MRI study can serve as a guide during clinical practice and will be useful in reducing NI injuries.Öğe Prognostic value of glucose-to-potassium ratio and other biomarkers in in-hospital cardiac arrest(MRE Press, 2025) Vişneci, Emin Fatih; Demirci, Osman Lütfi; Tekin, Fatih Cemal; Kadıoğlu, Emine; Mutlu, Hüseyin; Genç, Murat; Bulut, Bensu; Akkan Öz, Medine; Yazıcı, RamizThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the serum glucose/potassium ratio (GPR) for sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 30-day mortality in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Methods: Patients aged 18 years or older who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest in the emergency department (ED) were included. Routine laboratory parameters were obtained from the first blood sample collected during CPR in the ED. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated by dividing the absolute number of neutrophils and platelets, respectively, by the absolute number of lymphocytes. The GPR was calculated as serum glucose divided by potassium levels. Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 82.2% (n = 291). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified lactate, NLR, PLR and GPR as independent predictors of mortality. Among these markers, lactate exhibited the highest predictive power for mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.817, compared to NLR (AUC: 0.676), PLR (AUC: 0.679) and GPR (AUC: 0.688). The optimal cut-off values for predicting mortality were 7.83 for lactate (sensitivity: 75.3%, specificity: 89.4%), 1.68 for NLR (sensitivity: 78.8%, specificity: 71.7%), 199.26 for PLR (sensitivity: 76.4%, specificity: 92.3%) and 57.81 for GPR (sensitivity: 71.8%, specificity: 84.1%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that GPR is a promising prognostic marker for predicting mortality in patients with IHCA.Öğe Blood flow restriction training prescription: percentage of lower limb arterial occlusion pressure at fixed values and based on brachial systolic blood pressure(Springer Nature, 2025) de Queiros, Victor S.; Rolnick, Nicholas; Kamış, Okan; Alves, Julio M.; Neto, Gabriel R.; Amorim, Samuel; Gonzaga, Jozilma Medeiros; Aniceto, Rodrigo R.; Cabral, Breno Guilherme de Araujo TinocoBlood flow restriction (BFR) exercise is recommended with personalized pressures between 40 and 80% of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) to ensure safety and efficacy. However, many studies use fixed pressures or personalized pressures based on brachial blood pressure, such as 130% of resting brachial systolic pressure (rbSBP), which may lead to inconsistencies. This study aimed to estimate the percentage of AOP in the thigh when using fixed pressures (e.g., 100, 200, and 300 mmHg) or 130% of SBP.MethodsFifty-one healthy participants (18-40 years) underwent anthropometric measurements, brachial blood pressure assessment, and AOP determination in the thigh in supine, seated, and standing positions using an 18 cm cuff. AOP measurements were randomized and compared to fixed pressures and 130% of SBP.ResultsAOP was higher than 100 mmHg in all positions, with 100 mmHg corresponding to 80.5%, 62%, and 56.9% of AOP in the supine, seated, and standing positions, respectively. Conversely, 200 mmHg exceeded AOP, reaching 160.9%, 124.2%, and 113.7% in the same positions. Compared to SBP, supine AOP was lower than 130% of rbSBP, standing AOP was higher, and seated AOP showed no significant difference (p = 0.595). In the seated and standing positions, 130% of rbSBP corresponded to 92.5% and 84.7% of AOP, respectively.ConclusionA fixed pressure of 100 mmHg may fall within the recommended range for BFR prescription, but findings are specific to AOP assessment with an 18 cm cuff. Personalization remains crucial for accuracy and safety.Öğe Predictive factors of mortality in patients with abdominal trauma(Turkish Association of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2025) Turan, Ömer Faruk; Gökdere, Didem Çankaya; Genç, Murat; Bulut, Bensu; Akkanöz Öz, Medine; Mutlu, Hüseyin; Yazıcı, RamizTraumatic injuries, particularly abdominal trauma, are a major cause of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors for mortality and morbidity in abdominal trauma patients using simple, rapid, and accessible clinical and laboratory parameters, with a focus on developing scoring systems for emergency department decision-making. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a Level 1 Trauma Center between October 2022 and March 2024. Patients aged 18 and older with abdominal trauma or multi-trauma were included, while cases with incomplete records, known chronic diseases, or a recent trauma history were excluded. Data on demographics, vital signs, laboratory results, imaging findings, clinical scores, and outcomes were collected. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to identify independent mortality predictors and their cut-off values. RESULTS: Out of 693 patients, the mortality rate was 3.6%. The most common mechanisms of trauma were road traffic accidents (59.3%) and falls (23.4%). Independent predictors of mortality included age >= 54 years, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <= 14, Injury Severity Score (ISS) >= 24, and Shock Index >= 1.08. ROC analysis revealed that GCS had the highest predictive value for mortality (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.828), followed by ISS, age, and Shock Index. Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate, and creatinine were associated with worse outcomes, aligning with findings in the literature. CONCLUSION: Age, GCS, ISS, and Shock Index are strong predictors of mortality in abdominal trauma patients. Integrating these parameters into clinical decision-making can enhance risk stratification and improve patient management. Prospective multicenter studies and national trauma registries are necessary to refine trauma care and reduce mortality rates.Öğe Biomarkers of Vitamin D Sufficiency: Vitamin D Metabolite Levels do not depend on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 levels in Healthy Turkish Individuals(Duzce University, 2025) Yavaş, Cüneyd; Hekim, Nezih; Karcıoğlu Batur, Lütfiye; Eröz, RecepPatient-specific factors may influence the adequate supplemental vitamin D dose. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between 25(OH)D(2 )and free vitamin D levels and vitamin D deficiency in a healthy Turkish population. Method: Blood samples were obtained from 92 healthy adults aged >= 18 years. Total 25(OH)D was determined by CMIA. Serum 25(OH)D-3 and D(2 )levels were measured by LC-MS. Free 25(OH)D was calculated according to the Bikle method. Results: In 54% of the participants, 25(OH)D(3)levels were below 20 ng/mL. Those with 20 ng/mL or higher had higher mean serum 25(OH)D(3)and free vitamin D levels (P<0.001). Mean 25(OH)D(2)concentration did not differ according to deficiency criteria. Serum 25(OH)D2 levels were consistent regardless of free vitamin D concentrations. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D-3 and free vitamin D concentrations measured by LC-MS indicate deficiency by influencing the total 25(OH)D(3)concentration. However, serum 25(OH)D(2 )concentration did not differ between individuals and does not directly indicate deficiency.Öğe Detection of critical coronary artery stenosis through computed tomographic aortogram in patients with suspected aortic dissection(Bayrakol MP, 2025) Sever, Muhammed Yaşar; Uzun, Nedim; Mutlu, Hüseyin; Erdoğan, HasanAim: Computed tomographic aortography (CTA) is standard for aortic dissection (AD) diagnosis, but not commonly used for acute coronary syndromes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the success of CTA in detecting critical stenosis in coronary arteries in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) diagnosed with suspected AD in the emergency department (ED). Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary ED from January 2016 to May 2019. Among 6647 acute chest pain patients undergoing CTA for suspected aortic dissection, 50 NSTEMI cases with conventional coronary angiography (CCA) performed were included. Exclusion criteria included age <18, incomplete records, ST elevation on ECG, or confirmed AD on CTA. CTA was performed using a 64-detector CT scanner, and critical stenosis (>50%) in the coronary arteries was evaluated by a radiologist with eight years of cardiothoracic imaging experience. Results: In this study, 200 coronary arteries of 50 patients were analyzed. Among the 50 patients included in the study, 29 (58%) were male and 21 (42%) female, with a mean age of 61.4 +/- 14.1 years. CTA exhibited a high specificity of 98.71% and sensitivity of 88.89% in detecting critical stenosis within the coronary arteries. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the imaging findings of CTA and those of CCA (p<0.001). Discussion: The results indicate that CTA is comparably effective to CCA in identifying critical stenosis within coronary arteries. Moreover, CTA demonstrates potential as an early diagnostic tool for identifying patients with NSTEMI in the ED.Öğe Diagnostic accuracy of fat pad sign, X-ray, and computed tomography in elbow trauma: implications for treatment choices-a retrospective study(PeerJ, 2025) Afacan, Mustafa Ahmet; Kılıç, Koray Kaya; Temiz, Aytun; Tayfur, Ismail; Doğanay, FatihIntroduction. Identifying skeletal injuries significantly impacts patient outcomes in trauma cases. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of X-ray (XR) and computed tomography (CT) in detecting elbow fractures among patients presenting at the emergency department (ED). Additionally, the study assesses the potential contribution of the fat pad sign to enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of XR images in identifying elbow fractures. The secondary aim focused on evaluating the precision of XR imaging in determining the necessity for surgical intervention among patients presenting with elbow trauma. Methods. Conducted retrospectively at an ED within a secondary hospital, this study included patients with elbow trauma between January 1, 2017, and January 1, 2020, who underwent both XR and CT imaging of the elbow joint. Following the application of exclusion criteria, the analysis comprised 183 patients based on remaining image data. Results. When comparing XR to CT for fracture detection, XR exhibited a sensitivity of 46.9%, specificity of 85.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 79.3%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 58.4%, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.664. Considering the fat pad sign in XR as a fracture indicator, the sensitivity is 60.2%, specificity is 81.2%, PPV is 78.7%, NPV is 63.9% and AUC is 0.707. A significant difference was found when comparing the AUCs obtained with and without considering the fat pad sign (p = 0.039). Regarding surgical treatment decision-making, XR showed a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 95%, NPV of 100%, and an AUC of 0.750 when compared to CT. Conclusion. The findings indicate that XR alone is insufficient for detecting elbow fractures and determining the need for surgical treatment. Incorporating the fat pad sign improves the diagnostic accuracy of XR. In cases where suspicion of fracture is high, considering CT imaging is crucial to avoid missed diagnoses, prevent complications, and guide treatment decisions effectively.Öğe In vitro determination of the skın anti-aging potentıal of centaurea urvillei dc. Subsp. Armata wagenitz(Bangladesh Botanical Society, 2025) Boran Gülen, Rukiye; Uğur, Aysel; Saraç, NurdanThis study investigated the potential of the ethanolic extract of Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. armata WAGENITZ for use in dermatological treatments. This evaluation involved the assessment of its sun protection factor (SPF), inhibitory effects on extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, antioxidant activity, as well as genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties. The results demonstrated that the extract exhibited a significant SPF value (11.755) and inhibited collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase enzymes. Additionally, the extract revealed significant antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its prominent DPPH (IC50 = 2.35 mg/ml) and β-carotene/linoleic acid (IC50 = 0.802 mg/ml) inhibitory effects. Furthermore, genotoxicity tests revealed no harmful effects, while antigenotoxicity assessments indicated its potential to protect against DNA damage. These findings underscore the potential of C. urvillei subsp. armata as a promising bioactive plant for natural skin anti-aging cosmetic formulations.Öğe Evaluation of Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet Score, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Pediatric Patients with Rotavirus Enteritis(Erciyes Medical Journal, 2025) Demirtaş, Mehmet Semih; Memiş, Sebahattin; Kocagozoğlu, Sevim GoncaObjective: Rotavirus enteritis (RV-e) continues to play a major role in hospitalization and morbidity in patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Identifying new biomarkers that can improve risk assessment of RV-e is crucial for effective disease management. This study aimed to evaluate systemic immune/inflammatory index (SII) markers and hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score (HALP score) in children with RV-e. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric emergency outpatient clinic (PEOC) of a tertiary-level training and research hospital, involving 816 patients. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and HALP score were used to evaluate inflammation in cases of rotavirus (RV) and other types of enteritis. Results: A total of 816 patients were included in the study, of whom 45.3% were female and 54.7% were male. The hospitalization rate due to RV-e was higher than that of non- RV-e cases, with 47.5% (n=85) of RV-e patients being hospitalized (p<0.001). Both NLR and PLR was elevated in hospitalized patients within the RV-e group (p<0.001 for both). Hospitalization was found to be 1.45 times more likely (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09- 1.94) among patients with low HALP scores, six times more likely (95% CI: 3.52-10.26) in patients with RV-e, and 2.88 times more likely (95% CI: 1.40-5.88) in children under five years of age. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the frequency of hospitalization increased in patients with low HALP scores. We think that the HALP score may serve as a simple and rapid marker to aid clinicians in early treatment planning, especially for patients diagnosed with RV-e in emergency settings.Öğe Prognostic significance of lactate clearance in severe acute pancreatitis(Cukurova University, 2025) Yortanlı, Betül Çiğdem; Kollu, Korhan; Kuş, Burcu; Sert, Ekrem Taha; Yortanlı, MehmetPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of lactate clearance in predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Identifying early biomarkers for SAP can help in risk stratification and guide clinical management. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center observational study included 183 patients diagnosed with AP between January 2022 and January 2023. Patients were classified as SAP or non-SAP based on the 2012 Atlanta Classification. Demographic data, laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Lactate clearance was calculated as [(initial lactate – 24-hour lactate)/initial lactate] × 100.. Results: Among 183 patients, 105 (57.4%) had SAP. SAP patients had significantly longer hospital stays, higher intensive care unit admissions, and increased mortality rates). SAP patients had significantly higher initial and 24- hour lactate levels but lower lactate clearance. Lower lactate clearance was an independent predictor of SAP (OR: 3.051, 95% CI: 2.030–5.072, p<0.001). ROC analysis revealed that lactate clearance had an AUC of 0.835 (95% CI: 0.776–0.894), with 81.9% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity at a cutoff value of 40.9%. Conclusion: Low lactate clearance is strongly associated with SAP development, longer hospitalization, ICU need, and increased mortality. Lactate clearance may serve as a valuable early prognostic marker. Future studies should explore integrating lactate clearance with markers such as SII, SII/albumin ratio, and RDW to enhance risk stratification and clinical decision-making in AP.Öğe Multi-group organic pollutants in urban and suburban atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5): Temporal variation, meteorological impact, and sources(Springer, 2025) Koçak, Ebru; Aslan, Seda; İmamoğlu, İpek; Tuncel, GürdalSeveral adverse health impacts have been attributed to particulate matter-PM2.5, defined as having a diameter of less than 2.5 mu m. The World Health Organization has determined that 5 mu g m-3 is the 24-h limit threshold. PM2.5 comes from various primary sources and is also created by secondary atmospheric processes. Finding responsible sources can help regulate by focusing on the biological processes that underlie the observed health impacts. Determining the chemical composition of PM2.5 is the first phase in allocating PM2.5 to various sources. This study outlines the procedure for organic speciation of PM2.5-solvent-extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, and levoglucosan. Daily PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected between July 2014 and September 2015 in Ankara, Turkey. Seasonal average concentrations of measured species ranged from 13.51 to 65.04 ng m-3 for PAHs, 36 to 150 ng m-3 for n-alkanes, 24 to 47 ng m-3 for n-alkanoic acids, 0.44 to 3.6 ng m-3 for levoglucosan. n-Alkanes are the most abundant group at both urban and suburban sites. Concentrations of all groups were higher during winter, which is associated with emissions from space heating and lower mixing height in winter months. The diagnostic ratios between specific atmospheric concentrations of tracers depicted that the particulate organic compounds are mainly from anthropogenic sources like vehicular emission, biogenic combustion, and food cooking.Öğe Exploring the Experiences and Needs of Patients With Colorectal Cancer(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter; Döner, Ayser; Muz, GamzeThis qualitative study aimed to analyze the experiences and needs of colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy during the diagnosis and treatment process. Purposeful sampling was used in the study, and 15 colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were included. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview form and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-stage method. In the study, 5 themes and 10 subthemes emerged that reflect the experiences and needs of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The main themes were: facing off cancer, navigating symptom challenges, navigating challenges beyond health, uncertain future full of fears, and finding strength in adversity. The study provided a comprehensive overview of the emotional, physical, psychological, social, and financial challenges encountered during the treatment process, as well as the coping methods, support systems, and needs of patients. The findings reveal that colorectal cancer patients have numerous ongoing needs including physical, emotional, psychological, spiritual, and financial support. The results emphasize that healthcare professionals need to take more initiative to improve colorectal cancer patients' quality of life and care processes.Öğe Analysis of Electronic Structure and Binding Energy in Five-Electron GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Quantum Dots Under Penetrable Confinement Potential(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2025) Yakar, Yusuf; Çakır, Bekir; Özmen, AyhanIn this study, the calculation of average and orbital energies for the ground and excited configurations of five-electron quantum dots (QDs) is performed using the Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) and Hartree-Fock Roothaan (HFR) methods. The average Coulomb and exchange energies of electron pairs, along with one-electron kinetic and Coulomb potential energies, are calculated as a function of the dot radius. A penetrable confinement potential is used as a model to investigate the effects of confinement on both average and orbital energies. Furthermore, this study examines how confinement influences electron probability densities inside and outside the quantum well for ground and excited state configurations. Additionally, the configuration-average binding energy is computed at two different values of the confinement potential. The main conclusion is that the average energy and binding energy go up when the confinement radius is reduced and eventually reach at a fixed value. Other energies rise steadily until reaching their maximum values, after which they decline rapidly as the dot radius continues to decrease. For configurations 1s22s2nl$1{{\mathrm{s}}<^>2}2{{\mathrm{s}}<^>2}nl$ [nl=2p,3dand4f]$[ {nl = 2{\mathrm{p}}, 3{\mathrm{d\;and\;}}4{\mathrm{f}}} ]$, an increase in the 1s and 2s orbital energies is observed when the electron in the nl orbital begins to penetrate the quantum well.Öğe Differences in foot pressure distribution of males with and without basketball training in early adolescence(MRE Press, 2025) Kırıkoğlu, Nagihan; Pekel, Aylin Özge; Ceylan, Tülay; Eliöz, Murat; Yavasoğlu, Belma; Beykümül, Ayşegül; Kurt, Kemal Arda; Çalışan, Hande Yazıcıoğlu; Baykal, Cihan; Karaman, Merve; Türkoğlu, Hayati; Ceylan, LeventIn this study, the Rsscan V9 (RsScan International, Olen, Bel & ccedil;ika) foot scanning system was used to determine the potential foot pressure distribution and foot contact times of individuals in early adolescence who did not receive sports training and those who received regular basketball training. Methods: The study involved 120 adolescent volunteers aged 11-14 years of which 60 did not receive sports training, and the other 60 received basketball training in Ankara for at least two years. The sociodemographic data of the study participants were documented. The foot pressure analyses were carried out in both fixed and moving postures. Results: When pressure values were compared between adolescents with and without basketball training, statistically significant differences were found between Q1 (left forefoot pressure) and Q2 (right forefoot pressure) values. Specifically the mean value (p < 0.05) of Q2 (right forefoot pressure) variable was higher in basketball participants compared to non-athletes. In non-athletes, Q1 (left forefoot pressure) (p < 0.05) was significantly higher than in participants who received basketball training. Similarly, with regard to the left forefoot pressure duration (left ms) variable, participants with basketball training showed significantly higher mean scores than non-athletes (p < 0.001). The findings revealed that there were differences in pressure imbalances and ground contact times between basketball players and non-players. Conclusions: If not controlled regularly, pressure imbalances can lead to serious discomfort in the feet, knees, hips and lower back, and serious injuries can be prevented if detected early. Minor injuries that develop due to repetitive movements and stress on joints from years of training can be treated early, and preventive applications can becarried out by recognising potential injuries. For this reason, it is recommended that basketball players have a regular foot pressure analysis carried out at the start of the season.Öğe The Evaluation of ChatGPT-4's Capacity to Provide Information on Febrile Seizures(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Özdemir Kaçer, Emine; Şen, GürselThis study aims to evaluate the capacity of ChatGPT-4 to provide accurate and reliable information about febrile seizures, focusing on its ability to deliver educational content and support caregivers and healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 questions related to febrile seizures were derived from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) website. These questions were categorized into five main themes: "overview of febrile seizures," "symptoms and causes," "diagnosis," "treatment and management strategies," and "advice for families." Responses generated by ChatGPT-4 were assessed by experienced pediatricians and neurologists for accuracy and educational value, with results compared against ChatGPT-3.5 and the NINDS guidelines. Results: Of the 30 responses evaluated, 22 were classified as "educationally valuable," 7 as "accurate but insufficient," and 1 as a "mix of correct and outdated information." None of the responses were deemed completely incorrect. In comparison with ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4 provided "better" responses for 8 questions, "similar" responses for 20, and "worse" responses for 2. Compared to the NINDS guidelines, ChatGPT-4 delivered comparable or superior responses in most cases, except for four questions where the official guidelines performed better due to richer context and graphical support. Conclusion: ChatGPT-4 demonstrates substantial potential as an educational tool for febrile seizures, offering accurate and comprehensible information to caregivers and healthcare professionals. However, limitations such as the lack of detailed explanations and visual aids highlight the need for further development. Future research should explore broader datasets and user feedback to optimize these tools for personalized medical education.Öğe Low Income more Challenging for Women: Social and Economic Problems of Women in Minimum Wage Families(Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 2025) Alptekin, Musa Yavuz; Savaş, Hakan; Karyelioğlu, Selim; Ayaz, Beyzanur; Dervisoğlu, BeyzaThe minimum wage is defined as the lowest payment sufficient to meet an employee's essential needs. Nearly half of the employees in Turkey are paid at the minimum-wage level. Although there is a second working person in many of these families, some rely on a single-income earner who is a minimum-wage worker. In such cases, the only stable income in the household is the minimum wage earned by one family member, which is insufficient to cover the expenses of all family members. In this study, a questionnaire was conducted with 100 women from different families whose sole income was the minimum wage, and 30 of these participants were interviewed. The study revealed that women in minimum-wage families experience the disadvantages of low income and poverty more acutely than men. In particular, women bear the harshest consequences of poverty, as they are often burdened with all domestic responsibilities, including childcare, care for elderly or disabled family members, household chores, and cooking. As a natural consequence of this situation, the social lives of women in low-income families are severely restricted. In almost every case, they lag behind the social lives of men.Öğe Protective Role of Carvacrol Against Diclofenac-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation, ER Stress and Autophagy(Springer Nature, 2025) Gül, Murat; Kandemir, Özge; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimsek, Hasan; Çağlayan, CüneytDiclofenac (Diclo) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for managing pain, inflammation, and joint disorders. However, studies have shown that diclofenac may induce cardiotoxicity via oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, ER stress, and autophagy. Carvacrol (CRV), a natural monoterpenoid phenol, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of carvacrol against diclofenac-induced cardiotoxicity by assessing relevant molecular and histological markers.MethodsIn the study, 35 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups; Control, CRV, Diclo, Diclo + CRV25, and Diclo + CRV50. Diclo was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg. CRV (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was administered via oral gavage. Biochemical, molecular, and histological methods were used to investigate indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and ER stress damage in heart tissue.ResultsCRV treatment attenuated oxidative stress damage by reversing Diclo-induced changes: it significantly increased the levels of antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) and decreased MDA levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. CRV also reduced inflammatory mediators such as NF-kappa B and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CRV downregulated apoptotic markers Bax and Caspase-3 while upregulating anti-apoptotic markers AKT-2 and Bcl-2. ER stress-associated proteins (ATF-6, PERK, IRE1, GRP-78) elevated by Diclo were also reduced by CRV. In addition, CRV alleviated structural and functional cardiac damage induced by Diclo.ConclusionOverall, CRV may be an effective treatment option for cardiac tissue damage caused by Diclo toxicity and may reduce the level of damage.Öğe A long noncoding RNA lincRNA EPS expression level in renal anemia in chronic kidney disease(Bayrakol MP, 2025) Güner, Veysel Berk; Turgut, Faruk; Doğan, SerdarChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term medical condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Anemia is one of the most important causes of morbidity in patients with CKD. Anemia negatively affects the quality of life and mortality of patients and increases the progression of kidney disease. This is the first study to indicate lincRNA_EPS expression levels in CKD patients with renal anemia. Material and Methods: A total of 59 people were included in this study with 40 patients and 19 control groups. Analyzes of lncRNA expression levels were performed by RT-qPCR method. Total RNA (including miRNA and lncRNA) was obtained from serum and plasma using an RNA isolation kit. Then, RNA concentration and purity were determined spectrophotometrically. The integrity of total RNA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: This study concluded that the lincRNA-EPS expression values were found to be significantly higher in the CKD group. There was no statistically significant correlation between the eGFR level of the patients and the lincRNA-EPS expression levels. However, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between eGFR values and hemoglobin levels in the patient group. Discussion: Considering the increased lincRNA-EPS expression level in CKD patients with renal anemia and its inverse correlation with EPO usage, a potential mechanism for facilitating erythropoiesis may involve both elevated lincRNA-EPS expression and suppression of the pro-apoptotic gene Pycard. Larger and more clinical studies are needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action of the renal anemia-EPOlincRNA-EPS relationship. In the light of these studies, it will be possible to identify new factors that play a role in the formation mechanisms of renal anemia and to evaluate new treatment alternatives.Öğe Evaluation of prognosis in refugee children with high kinetic energy penetrating thoracic gunshot wounds(Bayrakol MP, 2025) Tuşat, Mustafa; Özmen, İsmail; Demirtaş, Mehmet Semih; Yarbil, Aziz; Calapoğlu, Ahmet Salih; Memiş, SebahattinCivil wars cause the death of many innocent children, and penetrating thoracic firearm injury (PTFI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in war environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate child casualties admitted to the emergency department with PTFI that occurred on the battlefield. Material and Methods: Our study was conducted by reviewing the files of pediatric patients with PTFI under the age of 18 who were transferred from Syria to the first response hospital on the Syrian border of Turkey due to the Syrian civil war between January 2016 and December 2019. Results: Our study included 28 (84.4%) boys and 5 (15.2%) girls. The cause of injury was a bullet in 5 cases, shrapnel in 28 cases and hemothorax (33.3%) was the most common thoracic injury. It was found that a longer time from injury to presentation to the emergency department (p=0.012, p<0.001), injury with a bullet (p=0.013, p=0.017), the presence of shock at the time of presentation (p<0.001, p=0.001) and an increase in the amount of erythrocyte suspensions given (p<0.001) significantly increased the development of complications and mortality. It was also found that mortality and morbidity were significantly higher in PTFI child casualties with low pediatric trauma score (PTS) (p<0.001). Discussion: Penetrating thoracic injuries in children are still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Rapid transfer of these patients to the hospital, and effective, multidisciplinary resuscitation and aggressive thoracotomy interventions when necessary will reduce mortality in these patients.Öğe Can the halp score, a new prognostic tool, predict the progression of pseudoexfoliation patients to pseudoexfoliation glaucoma?(Bayrakol MP, 2025) Akbulut Yağcı, Betül; Erdal, HüseyinThe present study aims to investigate the prognostic role of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) patients and its relationship with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) progression. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 58 PEXS and 61 PEXG patients. All groups ' demographic information and hemograms, s were collected from the hospital automation system. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immuno-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), and HALP were calculated to both groups. The results were compared among the groups. Results: In this study, there were 119 participants in total: 58 patients with PEXS with an average age of 71.3 +/- 8.9 years and 61 patients with PEXG with an average age of 71.3 +/- 8.9 years (p=0.15). In paired comparisons, it was observed that the NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and PIV indices of the groups were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.001). The HALP score value was lower in the PEXG group than the PEXS (4.73 +/- 1.99 and 6.3 +/- 2.63, respectively) (p<0.001). The AUC of the HALP score for PEXS and PEXG was 0.696. The optimal cut-off value of HALP to predict PEXG was <= 4.23, with 85% sensitivity and 51.7% specificity (95% confidence interval 0,605-0,777, p<0.01). Discussion: It was found that a lower HALP score was significantly associated with PEXG patients and could be an independent prognostic factor. Although this score alone is not sufficient, this study is important in that it may predict the possibility of developing PEXG.
