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Öğe Electrochemical and Thermal Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack With Different Cell Configurations(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Namaldı Kömürcü, Büşra; Elden, Gülşah; Çelik, Muhammet; Genç, Mustafa SerdarThe primary purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate the effects of various discharge rates and cell configurations on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of a Li-ion battery pack that is exposed to ambient air throughout the discharge process. The three-dimensional numerical model is designed to accomplish this purpose and discusses two different cases. While the discharge rate is changed from 0.5 C to 2 C (stepping by 0.5 C) for each cell configuration considered in the first case, the numerical solutions are obtained for the various cell configurations (6S4P and 8S3P) by keeping the discharge rate constant at 1 C. The results obtained from these solutions show that the discharge rate affects a considerable amount of the battery performances and discharge times of the battery packs, activation, and ohmic losses occurring inside each battery cell. Moreover, 6S4P discharges over a longer period (about 25%) than 8S3P. While both activation and ohmic losses decrease with the increase of discharge rate, these losses remain almost constant at 0.5 C discharge rate in all analyzed conditions. As a result, having a battery pack with a long discharge time while maintaining low temperatures is useful and desired. With this in mind, while evaluating battery packs, the 6S4P battery pack looks to have the best arrangement.Öğe Unveiling genetic diversity among bacterial isolates suing SCoT markers(Springer, 2024) Tekin, Fatih; Altın, İrem; Aydın, Furkan; Alkan, Mehtap; Orel, Didem Canik; Ardıç, Mustafa; Gaši?, Katarina; Kovács, Tamás; Allen, Caitilyn; Özer, GökselThis study aimed to unveil the genetic diversity among 47 bacterial isolates from various species using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Six SCoT primers yielded 219 reproducible bands, with 89.04% exhibiting polymorphism. The amplification process generated 28 to 50 fragments per primer, with an average of 36.50. Genetic diversity was quantified using polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.11 to 0.14, with SCoT32 showing the highest PIC (0.14) and SCoT23 the lowest (0.11). The resolving power (RP) index, used to assess primer discriminatory power, varied significantly, with SCoT23 demonstrating the highest RP (6.00) and SCoT29 the lowest (4.51). Comparative analysis with conventional markers like M13 and (GTG)5 revealed that certain SCoT primers exhibited superior PIC values, which indicates enhanced utility for interspecies differentiation. The high discrimination level achieved by SCoT primers underscores their effectiveness in genetic differentiation and biodiversity assessment within bacterial populations. This research highlights SCoT markers as powerful tools for microbial genetic studies, which offers valuable insights into bacterial diversity and provides a robust methodological framework for future investigations aimed at elucidating genetic variation and improving species identification. The application of SCoT markers represents a significant advancement in molecular techniques for bacterial characterization and phylogenetic analysis, demonstrating their potential to enhance our understanding of microbial genetics and evolution.Öğe Effects of different pre-exercise strategies on jumping performance in female volleyball players(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2024) Keskin, Kadir; Akçay, Neslihan; Özmen, Tarık; Contarlı, Nurcan; Yıldız, Kerem C.; Sofuoğlu, Cem; Kamiş, Okan; Rolnick, Nicholas; de Queiros, Victor S.; Montoye, AlexanderThe present study aimed to compare different pre-exercise strategies on jumping performance in female volleyball players. METHODS: Fifteen healthy female volleyball players (age=18 +/- 0.6 years; training experience = 7.3 +/- 1.4 years; height = 164.8 +/- 5.4 cm; body mass = 57.2 +/- 8.1 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Three different pre-exercise conditions (5 repetition maximum knee extension, electromyostimulation [EMS] and ischemic preconditioning [IPC]) were applied to the subjects and compared to a control condition performing a standardized warmup. Subjects performed the squat jump and 15 sec repeated countermovement jumps following a rest period. Measures associated with jumping performance were collected and compared between conditions. Rating of perceived exertion was also collected after each performance test. RESULTS: No pre-exercise condition outperformed a standardized warm-up on inducing improvements in jumping performance and in fact, EMS and IPC conditions resulted in performance decrements compared to control (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a standardized warm-up is enough to induce improvements in jumping performance in female volleyball players. Future research should examine alternative strategies alongside standardized warm-up to determine how best to prepare for jumping and related sport-specific tasks in female volleyball players.Öğe In vitro and in vivo effects of commercial and environmental microplastics on Unio delicatus(Springer, 2024) Yüce, Pınar Arslan; Günal, Aysel Çağlan; Erkmen, Belda; Yurdakök Dikmen, Begüm; Çağan, Ali Serhan; Çırak, Tamer; Başaran Kankılıç, Gökben; Seyfe, Melike; Filazi, Ayhan; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü NihanMicroplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants in freshwater environments. In this study, freshwater mussels, Unio delicatus, were exposed to both environmental MPs (e-MP) and commercial MPs (c-MP) that include green fluorescent MP (gf-MP), polyethylene (c-PE) and polystyrene (c-PS) at environmental concentrations (5 mg/L and 50 mg/L) over duration of 7 and 30 days. According to in vivo experiment results, both e-MPs and c-MPs induced significant changes in the total hemocyte counts of mussels (p < 0.05). Exposure to high concentrations of e-MPs and c-MPs for 7 days led to decreased cellular glutathione levels in the mussels, while exposure to low concentrations of e-MPs and c-PS for 7 days resulted in increased advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). Mussels exposed to high concentrations of e-MPs for 30 days exhibited decreases in both glutathione levels and AOPP values. Although no damage was observed in tissues other than gills and digestive gland, histopathological alterations were observed in these tissues following exposure to 50 mg/L c-MPs. Additionally, MPs were observed in the intestine tissues. In vitro experiments using the MTT assay showed no significant difference in cell viability between the MP-exposed group and the control group at tested concentrations, with no observed dose-response relationship (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, certain cells exhibited signs of cell death, such as disrupted cellular structures, condensed nuclei, and loss of cellular integrity. These observations were consistent with mechanical compression, indicating that physical contact with MPs may result in cell damage or death. These findings demonstrate that environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs have toxic effects on freshwater mussels and multiple parameters provide valuable insight for the evaluation of health risks of organisms.Öğe How effective is the use of religious appeals in advertising? a meta-analytic investigation(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Cam, Mehmet Safa; Çelik, Fatih; İbrahim, Blend; Gligor, DavidAdvertising scholars have studied the persuasiveness of religious symbols in ads for more than two decades. However, the extent to which religious appeals influence attitudes and behavioral intentions remains a contentious issue. This study aims to provide conclusive insights by analyzing inconsistent findings across studies on the persuasiveness of religious appeals. We reviewed and analyzed 35 empirical studies (N = 7,983) using a meta-analytic approach. Our results reveal that whereas religious appeals positively influence attitudes and the overall persuasion, they do not significantly impact behavioral intentions. We also tested several moderating factors, including type of religious symbol, brand context, advertising domain, product type, gender, cultural context, and religious affiliation. Notably, type of religious symbol and gender significantly moderated the effect of religious appeals on the overall persuasiveness. As a result, this meta-analysis seeks to make a definitive contribution to the debate on the effectiveness of religious appeals in advertising by conducting a statistical synthesis. It addresses a critical gap in the literature by examining how and to what extent advertising messages combined with religious appeals influence the overall persuasion, offering valuable insights for both scholars and advertising professionals.Öğe Mesoporous biosilica beads for controlled selenium nanoparticle delivery from collagen-chitosan scaffolds: promoting bone formation and suppressing prostate cancer growth(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Kaur, Kulwinder; Falgous, Lucie; Kamal, Nezar; Caffrey, David; Cavanagh, Brenton L.; Koç Bilican, Behlül; Kaya, Murat; Shvets, Igor; Curtin, Caroline M; Murphy, Ciara M.he controlled delivery of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) is promising for bone cancer treatment due to their dual benefits in bone regeneration and tumor inhibition, yet achieving an optimal dosing regimen remains challenging. Natural mesoporous biosilica (BS) beads have shown promise for drug delivery due to their microporous structure. This study explores incorporating BS beads into collagen-chitosan (Coll-CS) scaffolds, known for bone repair, to control Se-NP delivery. Two approaches are compared: loading Se-NPs into BS beads before integrating them into Coll-CS scaffolds versus directly loading Se-NPs into Coll-CS scaffolds. The scaffold properties, Se release kinetics, cytocompatibility, and effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) are evaluated. BS bead-loaded scaffolds provide controlled Se-NP release and enhanced mechanical properties compared to directly loaded scaffolds. Higher Se-NP concentrations in BS-loaded scaffolds effectively promote MSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation while inhibiting LNCaP cell viability. In contrast, low Se-NP concentrations not only induce early osteogenic differentiation but also promote cancer cell proliferation, underscoring the need for optimal Se-NP concentration and release. These findings suggest that BS bead-loaded Coll-CS scaffolds are a promising strategy for controlled Se-NP delivery, addressing the dual challenges of bone formation and cancer recurrence prevention in bone cancer treatment.Öğe Computationally derived endosteal strain and strain gradients correlate with increased bone formation in an axially loaded murine tibia model(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Horasan, Murat; Verner, Kari A.; Yang, Haisheng; Main, Russell P.; Nauman, Eric A.Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mass and microstructural degradation of bone tissue due to a derailed bone remodeling process. A deeper understanding of the mechanobiological phenomena that modulate the bone remodeling response to mechanical loading in a healthy bone is crucial to develop treatments. Rodent models have provided invaluable insight into the mechanobiological mechanisms regulating bone adaptation in response to dynamic mechanic stimuli. This study sheds light on these aspects by means of assessing the mechanical environment of the cortical and cancellous tissue to in vivo dynamic compressive loading within the mouse tibia using microCT-based finite element model in combination with diaphyseal strain gauge measures. Additionally, this work describes the relation between the mid-diaphyseal strains and strain gradients from the finite element analysis and bone formation measures from time-lapse in vivo tibial loading with a fluorochrome-derived histomorphometry analysis. The mouse tibial loading model demonstrated that cancellous strains were lower than those in the midshaft cortical bone. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the material property of cortical bone was the most significant model parameter. The computationally-modeled strains and strain gradients correlated significantly to the histologically-measured bone formation thickness at the mid-diaphyseal cross-section of the mouse tibia.Öğe Potential protective effect of hesperidin (Vitamin P) against hlyphosate-induced spermatogenesis damage in male rats: biochemical and histopathological findings on reproductive parameters(MDPI, 2024) Güngör, Şükrü; Kırıkkulak, Murat; Denk, Barış; Gülhan, Mehmet Fuat; Güleş, Özay; Budak, Duygu; İnanç, Muhammed Enes; Avdatek, Fatih; Yeni, Deniz; Taşdemir, UmutThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hesperidin (HES) on testicular histopathological changes, biochemical changes, and semen characteristics in rats exposed to glyphosate (GLP). The control group was given a normal diet devoid of GLP and HES, the HES group was given 100 mg/kg/day HES with the normal diet, the GLP group was given GLP at the LD50/10 dose of normal feed, which was 787.85 mg/kg/day, and the GLP + HES group was given normal feed containing 787.85 mg/kg/day LD50/10 dose of GLP in addition to 100 mg/kg/day HES. GLP administration reduced sperm motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity, glutathione levels, and total antioxidant levels in the testicular tissues of rats. Moreover, it caused an increase in right testis and left epididymis weights, abnormal sperm counts, malondialdehyde levels, total oxidant status, and DNA damage. The HES treatment showed curative effects on these parameters. Furthermore, HES was effective in lessening the histopathological damage that was caused by GLP. The results showedthat HES protects spermatological parameters and DNA integrity, improves antioxidant defenses, and lowers the damage and lipid peroxidation caused by GLP in testicular tissue.Öğe Three-dimensional shear-wave velocity structure of the Adana-Iskenderun basins by ambient noise tomography(Oxford University Press, 2024) Bakırcı, Taciser; Kaşlılar, Ayşe; Kocaoğlu, ArgunWe construct a 3-D shear-wave velocity model for the crustal structure and the geometry of the Adana and Iskenderun basins by using ambient noise tomography of Rayleigh waves. For this purpose, we compute interstation Green's functions and measure the group velocity dispersion in the period range of 8-25 s. Then Rayleigh wave group velocity maps obtained by tomographic inversion are used to derive a shear wave velocity model by linearized inversion. Both Rayleigh wave group velocity maps and the 3-D shear-wave velocity structure are correlated with the geology and the major tectonic features of the region. Cross sections taken from the velocity model suggest a sediment thickness of up to 11 km in the wedge-shaped Adana Basin with the velocity ranging between 2.4 and 2.9 km s-1. The horseshoe-like high velocities surrounding the basin correspond to the Taurus Mountains in the west and north, and the Amanos Mountains in the east. In the region, down to a depth of 35 km the crustal velocity varies between 2.9 and 3.7 km s-1. Our investigations reveal the detailed 3-D basin geometry and crustal structure that can be beneficial for hazard assessment, geodynamic modelling as well as hydrocarbon exploration studies.Öğe Prognostic indicators in patients with isolated thoracic trauma: A retrospective cross-sectional study(Turkish Association of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2024) Yazıcı, Ramiz; Bulut, Bensu; Genc, Murat; Akkan Öz, Medine; Hanalıoğlu, Damla; Kokulu, Kamil; Sert, Ekrem Taha; Mutlu, HüseyinThoracic trauma is a significant cause of mortality, especially among those arriving at hospitals. This study explores the associations between mortality, the shock index (SI), and specific metabolic and biochemical markers in patients with isolated thoracic trauma. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all consecutive adult patients presenting with isolated thoracic trauma to a high-volume emergency department from January 2019 to December 2023. The predictive capability of SI levels and selected biomarkers upon admission for estimating mortality was assessed by determining the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). Optimal cutoff values were determined using the Youden index method. RESULTS: The study involved 352 patients, with 285 (81%) being males and an average age of 50.0±17.7 years. The mortality rate was 9.6%. Mortality was significantly associated with higher shock index (odds ratio [OR]: 14.02, [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8470.916], AUC=0.885, p=0.001), glucose/potassium ratio (OR: 1.24 [95% CI 1.14-1.35], AUC=0.869, p<0.001), and lactate levels (OR: 4.30 [95% CI 2.29-8.07], AUC=0.832, p<0.001). The optimal cutoff values determined for the shock index, glucose/potassium ratio, ionized calcium, and lactate were 1.02 (sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity 69.5%; positive predictive value [PPV], 24.8; negative predictive value [NPV], 99.1), 36.85 (sensitivity, 76.5%; specificity, 87.7%; PPV, 40.0; NPV, 97.2), 1.23 (sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 56.0%; PPV, 18.6; NPV, 98.9), and 1.98 (sensitivity, 70.6%; specificity, 80.5%; PPV, 27.9; NPV, 96.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that higher shock index, glucose/potassium ratio, and lactate levels are significantly associated with increased mortality in patients with isolated thoracic trauma. These findings suggest that these markers can be effective prognostic indicators, potentially guiding clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes.Öğe Diagnostic role of serum testican and ubiquitin levels in patients with head trauma(Pharmamed Mado Ltd, 2024) Yazıcı, Ramiz; Basa Kalafat, Ayşe Fethiye; Mutlu, Hüseyin; Sarı, Eyüp; Kalafat, Utku Murat; Atik, Dilek; Cander, BaşarWe aimed to determine if testican-1 and ubiquitin can serve as early indicators for diagnosing worsening clinical course (presence of intraparenchymal pathology) and mortality in patients with moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI).In this study, we conducted an observational and prospective study in the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital. The department admitted an average of 25,000 patients per month between October 2020 and March 2021. We focused on patients over 18 years old with moderate traumatic brain injury (Glasgow coma score (GCS): 9–13). We compared the prognostic values of blood testican and ubiquitin levels with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis for intracranial pathologies resulting from head trauma. Additionally, we used logistic regression analysis to compare the effectiveness of these markers in diagnosing intraparenchymal injury. The study included a total of 89 patients, with 45 in the case group (moderate TBI) and 44 in the healthy control group. It was found that levels of ubiquitin and testican levels were significantly higher in patients with intraparenchymal pathology (p = 0.048, p = 0.046, respectively). The cut-off point for detecting intraparenchymal pathology was 161.3 pg/mL for testican (Area under curve (AUC): 0.810; min: 0.654; max: 0.965, p = 0.002) and 44.42 ng/mL for Ubiquitin (AUC: 0.863; min: 0.727; max: 1.000, p < 0.001). High testican-1 and ubiquitin levels were independent markers for intraparenchymal pathology in moderate head trauma.Öğe Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers(Beilstein-Institut, 2024) Acet, Ömür; Kirsanov, Pavel; Acet, Burcu Önal; Halets-Bui, Inessa; Shcharbin, Dzmitry; Cömert, Seyda Ceylan; Odabaşı, MehmetNanopolymers represent a significant group of delivery vehicles for hydrophobic drugs. In particular, dual stimuli-responsive smart polymer nanomaterials might be extremely useful for drug delivery and release. We analyzed the possibility to include the known antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX), which has antimitotic and antiproliferative effects, in a nanopolymer complex. Thus, doxorubicin-loaded temperature- and pH-sensitive smart nanopolymers (DOX-SNPs) were produced. Characterizations of the synthesized nanostructures were carried out including zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The loading capacity of the nanopolymers for DOX was investigated, and encapsulation and release studies were carried out. In a final step, the cytotoxicity of the DOX-nanopolymer complexes against the HeLa cancer cell line at different concentrations and incubation times was studied. The DOX release depended on temperature and pH value of the release medium, with the highest release at pH 6.0 and 41 degrees C. This effect was similar to that observed for the commercial liposomal formulation of doxorubicin Doxil. The obtained results demonstrated that smart nanopolymers can be efficiently used to create new types of doxorubicin-based drugs.Öğe Enhanced anti-cancer efficacy of hesperidin through smart polymeric nanoparticles targeting prostate cancer(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Yıldırım, Metin; Acet, Ömür; Önal Acet, Burcu; Karakoç, Veyis; Odabaşı, MehmetThe rapid progress of various nanotechnology tools is currently being utilized in the management of several fatal illnesses, including cancer. Nanopolymers that encapsulate anti-cancer medication present a highly encouraging substitute to traditional therapies, primarily because of their specific targeting and accurate functionality, making them suitable for a variety of uses. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) is a non-toxic polymer derived from the monomer HEMA, which is known for its toxicity. It can be combined with various other polymers and is associated with minimal immune response. The objective of the current investigation is to produce smart polymeric nanoparticles that are responsive to changes in pH and temperature, and capable of encapsulating hesperidin. These hesperidin-loaded poly(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-isopropylacrylamide-Vinyl imidazole) nanoparticles, referred to as HesSNPs, aim to enhance the bioavailability of hesperidin and augment its therapeutic effectiveness in combating prostate cancer. N-isopropylacrylamide and Vinyl imidazole were employed as monomers sensitive to temperature and pH, respectively. Nanopolymers that were synthesized underwent characterization through dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze particle size and charge, surface morphology, and functional group determinations, respectively. HesSNPs decreased cell viability of DU-145 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that apoptosis is the main mechanism underlying cell death after HesSNPs treatment.Öğe Evaluation of thiol/disulphide and oxidant–antioxidant statusof dairy cows in periparturient and post-partum period(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Balkan, Burcu Menekşe; Meral, Öğünç; Çetintav, Bekir; Özkurt, Güzin; Sel, TevhideThiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) has a critical role in many cellular activities such as antioxidant protection. Alterations of oxidative stress in the transition period play an important role in development of some diseases and disorders in dairy cows. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total thiol, native thiol, disulphide and lipid profile in Simmental and Montofon dairy cows (aged 2–3) before and after calving. Methods: Blood samples were collected 233–280 days of pregnancy and the 30 days of post-partum. Serum total thiol, native thiol and disulphide levels were determined as well as TAS, TOS and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were measured using colorimetric assays. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were measured with an automatic analyser. Results: Total thiol (p = 0.038) and disulphide (p = 0.015) levels were higher after calving compare to pregnancy in Montofon. TAS was found lower (p < 0.001), and OSI was higher in both breeds (Montofon p = 0.012, Simmental p = 0.028) after calving than in pregnancy. When compared between pregnancy and after calving levels in the same breed, HDL was found to be higher after calving (p < 0.001) and TG was lower after calving (p = 0.020) in Montofon. PON (p = 0.090), HDL (p < 0.001) and cholesterol levels were found higher (p < 0.001) and TG level was lower (p < 0.001) after calving in Simmental. Conclusions: According to our results, we observed different responses between two breeds before and after calving. There are few studies about TDH in animal research, and this is the first study in the literature that evaluates the TDH along with oxidative stress and lipid profiles in dairy cows in the periparturient and post-partum perioÖğe Effectiveness of senna in treating chronic constipation in geriatric patients presenting to the emergency department: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study(Turkish Geriatrics Society, 2024) Sanalp Menekşe, Tuğba; Sarıtaş, Ayhan; Güçlü Utlu, Sibel; Akan, Ayşe Şule; Tekin, Erdal; Ergin, MustafaChronic constipation is prevalent in the geriatric population. Undiagnosed and untreated constipation can lead to complications and decreased health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of senna alone with a combination of bisacodyl and senna in patients diagnosed with chronic constipation. Materials and Method: This prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial included patients aged 65 years and older who presented to the emergency department with chronic constipation, diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria, between July and October 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to either the senna group (20 mg sennoside B) or the senna + bisacodyl group (3 mg sennoside B + 5 mg bisacodyl). Participants took the drugs twice daily for 28 days. The Constipation Scoring System and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life scores were calculated before and after treatment for each patient. Results: The study included 105 patients, with 54 in the senna group and 51 in the senna + bisacodyl group. There was a statistically higher need for dose reduction because of drug side effects in the senna + bisacodyl group compared with the senna group (p=0.026). Following treatment, the senna group had a higher score on the Constipation Scoring System and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life compared with the senna + bisacodyl group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001, p=0.012). Conclusion: In geriatric patients, short-term treatment of chronic constipation with senna is more effective than senna+bisacodyl regarding constipation severity and quality of life.Öğe Potato consumption factors in developing countries: Case of Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Akpınar, Metin Göksel; Gül, Mevlüt; Taşçıoğlu, Yavuz; Karlı, Bahri; Kadakoğlu, Bektaş; Şirikçi, Bekir SıtkıPotato has been determined as the food of future on global extent. Within this study factors affecting potato consumption were evaluated in the scope of domestic market. The main reasons behind the choice of potato consumption were its reference as future’s product as well as today’s, and the possibility to consume potato both as fresh and processed forms. In order to underline the detailed reasons, 3.072 consumers were surveyed between August and September 2020. Due to the findings, factors affecting potato consumption in the domestic market were detected as consumer awareness, consumer value and consumer convenience. These factors reflect the health awareness developed among the society within the pandemic process. This finding put forward that there is a need for public promotion of potato with reference to its food content and positive health impact. On the other hand, due to partial and complete shut-down implementations processed potato consumption has reduced and home-made fresh potato consumption has risen. This has been acknowledged as a social progress with respect to direction to healthy consumption. A declination in potato consumption was detected among two-thirds of the households due to rising prices. These findings indicated factors that affect purchases or consumption of a specific product or services under normal and extraordinary conditions need to be known. This is important for sustainability of social health and quantitative and qualitative estimation and management of both national and international market demand.Öğe Respiratory responses and isocapnic buffering phase in child and youth soccer players during an incremental exercise test(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Selcen; Karakaş, Selçuk; Boyraz, Cumhur; Günaştı, Özgür; Kılcı, Abdullah; Özdemir, Çiğdem; Özgünen, Kerem; Koç, Muhammed; Kurdak, SadiThis study investigated the respiratory response and isocapnic buffering (IB) phase during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in 16 child soccer players (11.9±0.9 years) and 18 youth soccer players (18.2±2.9 years). Methods: The IB phase was calculated as the difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) between the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and metabolic threshold (MT) and expressed in either absolute or relative values. Results: The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was higher in youth players than in child players. For youth players, VO2max was measured at 55.9 ± 3.6 mL min?1 kg?1 and 74.9 ± 4.8 mL min?1 kg?0.75, while for child players, VO2max was 50.8 ± 4.1 mL min?1 kg?1 and 67.2 ± 6.1 mL min?1 kg?0.75 (p < 0.001). MT and RCP occurred at 69.8 ± 6.7% and 90.9 ± 6.9% of VO2max in child players and at 73.9 ± 5.1% and 91.5 ± 4.5% of VO2max in youth players, respectively. The two groups had no significant difference (p > 0.05). Absolute IB (10.6 ± 2.8 vs 9.7 ± 3.1 mL min?1 kg?1), relative IB (23.1 ± 5.7 vs 19.1 ± 6.1), and the ratio of RCP VO2 to MT VO2 (1.3 ± 0.09 vs 1.24 ± 0.09) were similar in child and youth players (p > 0.05). There was no difference in minute ventilation (V?E, mL min?1 kg?1) and respiratory exchange ratio during exercise between the two groups (p > 0.05). During exercise, respiratory frequency, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2), VE/VCO2 slope, end-tidal O2 pressure were higher in child players than in youth players, while tidal volume (L kg?1), O2 pulse, and end-tidal CO2 pressure were lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite differences in aerobic capacity and ventilatory response to exercise, child players showed similar IB phase as youth players. Although child players have lower ventilation efficiency than youth players, the higher ventilation response for a given VCO2 may provide an advantage in regulating acid-base balance during intense exercise.Öğe Micro-encapsulation exhibits better protection than nano-encapsulation on phenolics before and after in vitro digestion(Springer, 2024) Şensu, Eda; Altuntaş, Ümit; Gültekin Özgüven, Mine; Duran, Ayhan; Özçelik, Beraat; Yücetepe, AysunIn this study, micro-capsules (by complex coacervation) and nano-capsules (by liposomal encapsulation) containing phenolic extracts from jujube peel (PEJP) were compared in terms of changes in encapsulation efficiency, phenolic and anthocyanin content and antioxidant, angiotensin converting-I enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and ?-amylase inhibitory activities before and after in vitro digestion. According to the results, micro-capsules were prepared with a biopolymer ratio of 0.125:1:1 (PEJP: WPI: GA) at pH 3.4, while nano-capsules were obtained using 1% lecithin and 0.4% chitosan at pH 3.4. Nano-capsules had higher encapsulation efficiency (74.27%) than micro-capsules (67.34%). In contrast, total phenolic content of PEJP was preserved better in micro-capsules before and after in vitro digestion compared with nano-capsules. The highest total monomeric anthocyanin content remained in the undigested micro-capsules and in the digested nano-capsules. Micro-capsules exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than those of nano-capsules with PEJP with both DPPH and CUPRAC assays. After in vitro intestinal digestion, micro-capsules with PEJP exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (80.00 ± 2.50%) and ?-amylase inhibitory (48.31 ± 0.84%) activity. Considering all these results, micro-capsules protected phenolics better than nano-capsules. The stability of phenolics based foods can be protected by microencapsulation. Also, microencapsulants including phenolics can be added to cosmetic and food supplements.Öğe (?, ?)-TYPE ALMOST ?-RICCI–YAMABE SOLITONS IN PERFECT FLUID SPACETIME(Comenius University in Bratislava, 2024) Pandey, Shashikant; Mert, Tuğba; Atçeken, MehmetIn this paper, we consider perfect fluid spacetime admitting (?, ?)-type almost ?-Ricci–Yamabe solitons by means of some curvature tensors. Ricci pseudosymmetry concepts of perfect fluid spacetime admitting (?, ?)-type almost ?-Ricci–Yamabe soliton are introduced according to the choice of some special curvature tensors such as Riemann, concircular and projective curvature tensor. After then, according to choosing of the curvature tensors, necessary conditions are given for perfect fluid spacetime admitting (?, ?)-type almost ?-Ricci–Yamabe soliton to be Ricci semisymmetric. Then, some important characterizations are given for Ricci, Yamabe, Einstein and ?-Einstein solitons on perfect fluid spacetime.Öğe Flow and heat transfer analysis of submerged multiple synthetic jet impingement in a square channel with forced-flow(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Akdağ, Ünal; Akçay, Selma; Kılıç, Mustafa; Güngör, BekirThis study experimentally and numerically investigated the flow and heat transfer of submerged multiple synthetic jet impingement in forced crossflow in a square-section channel with a constant heat flux on the bottom surface. In the forced channel flow, effects on heat transfer of six synthetic jets placed diagonally in the main flow have four different amplitudes and six different frequencies at various Reynolds numbers (6000 ? Re ? 40000) were examined. Jets were submerged vertically into the main flow and their effects on heat transfer in the turbulent regime of the main flow were analyzed. Temperature measurements were made using thermocouples placed at the channel entrances and exits on the target surface. The Nusselt numbers (Nu) were calculated using the measured temperatures. The results indicate that at Re = 6000, the target surface temperature decreases significantly with increasing amplitude and frequency, and the effects of amplitude and frequency on surface temperatures decreased at increasing Reynolds numbers. It was observed that the THP values increased with increasing amplitude and frequency for all Reynolds numbers tested. For a constant jet parameter (Ao = 0.88 and Wo = 27), the highest THP was determined as 2.06 at Re = 6000.
