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Öğe Polysaccharide-based edible and biodegradable films from Eruca vesicaria mucilage: structural characterization, biocompatibility, and environmental impact(Springer Science + Business Media, 2025) Koç Bilican, BehlülThis study reports the development and characterization of edible, biodegradable films based on Eruca vesicaria seed mucilage, enriched with leaf extract and seed oil. Structural, thermal, mechanical, and surface properties were analyzed using fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, termogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle measurements. Functional performance was evaluated through mechanical testing, water vapor permeability, and biodegradability in soil and water. Antioxidant activity and biocompatibility were assessed via DPPH assay and cytotoxicity tests on L929 fibroblast cells. The incorporation of Eruca vesicaria extract and oil enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and antioxidant capacity. EM-Oil films showed increased hydrophobicity and biocompatibility, indicating potential for food packaging and biomedical applications. In contrast, EM-Extract films exhibited high antioxidant activity (73.31%) and flexibility but adversely affected long-term cell viability. Biodegradation studies revealed significant degradation in soil within 30 days (25–45% weight loss). Overall, Eruca vesicaria-based films offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic plastics. These findings support their potential use in active packaging, while future research should address formulation refinement and industrial-scale production.Öğe Does Zn-Mediated regulation of the Kynurenine Pathway provide the link between periodontal disease and diabetes(Springer, 2025) Afşar, Ebru; Doğan, Kadirhan; Arslan, Erdem; Eranil, Işıl; Oral, Neşe; Kuzzu, Kadir Bahadır; Ceylan, Tayfun; Öz, MehmetIt has long been known that there is a relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of pancreatic zinc (Zn) levels on Kynurenin pathways (KP) and glucose homeostasis and the impact of Thymoquinone (TQ) in the periodontal disease animal model. Ten microliters of Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-Lps) (1 mg/ml) was injected at 48-h intervals into the palatal gingiva of rats, and TQ was given by oral gavage (10 mg/kg per day) for 2 weeks. Glucose homeostasis was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR), and β-cell function (HOMA-β Levels). Kynurenine (KYN), Tryptophan (TRP), kynurenic acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QA), KYN 3-monooxygenase (KMO), kynureninase, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), insulin, ZIP10, and caspase-3 levels measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Zinc levels in the pancreas tissue and plasma samples were measured using a colorimetric method. Morphological changes in the pancreas were identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and X-ray radiography determined bone resorption in the maxillary bone. In the LPS group, pancreas ZIP10 and Zn levels increased, the KP pathway was altered to favor KYNA, and impaired glucose homeostasis was observed. TQ administration decreased pancreatic Zn levels, changed KP to favor QA, and improved morphological changes in the pancreas. During the progression of periodontal diseases, KP may be altered by Zn levels through ZIP10 in the pancreas, thereby impairing pancreatic function. Regulation of Zn levels may be key to shared pathways between periodontal diseases and diabetes.Öğe Early childhood teachers’ understanding and perceptions regarding early childhood education for sustainability(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Köklü Yaylacı, Hasret; Olgan, RefikaEco-school teachers who primarily incorporate the principles of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into their teaching practices serve as active agents of sustainable development, with the potential to foster sustainable behaviors from an early age. This study examined the understanding and perceptions of early childhood eco-school teachers regarding sustainability, sustainable development, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and Early Childhood Education for Sustainability (ECEfS). Focus groups and pre-/postconcept maps were used to gather data. The findings showed that while teachers viewed ECEfS as crucial for sustainable development, their understanding of sustainability, sustainable development, and the goals of ESD and ECEfS was limited. Teachers predominantly associated ESD and ECEfS with the environmental pillar, though some acknowledged sociocultural and economic aspects. Moreover, key concepts for ECEfS practice involved respect for differences, saving, consumption habits, and self-confidence. In addition, teachers’ postconcept maps revealed a broader, more comprehensive understanding of ESD compared to their preconcept maps. These findings suggested that teachers needed professional development to enhance their knowledge and implementation skills for ECEfS and address the sociocultural and economic dimensions of sustainability to implement a holistic approach to ECEfS effectively.Öğe Data-driven drought prediction by means of machine learning techniques and ıncreasing accuracy with wavelet transform(Birkhauser Verlag Basel, 2025) Tuğrul, Türker; Selek, Bülent; Hınıs, Mehmet Ali; Selek, Zeliha; Oruç, SertaçDrought is not only a problem that challenges scientists but also one of the most difficult natural disasters to combat for local governments and decision-makers. Like many parts of the world suffering from drought, the western Mediterranean region of Turkey is also affected by drought. In this study, innovative drought prediction models were created with different machine learning algorithms and deep learning methods to create a model that will help decision-makers regarding drought. 4 different monthly lagged model structures were established using SPI12 values calculated with precipitation data between 1967 and 2020 for the Acipayam, Bodrum and Fethiye regions located in the west of Turkey. While providing data, attention was paid to the distance between stations and data continuity. The models were analyzed with Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. In addition, Discrete Wavelet Transform (WT) was used to obtain better model results. The hyper-parameters of these algorithms were determined by taking into account the most commonly used parameters in the literature. The analysis results were evaluated by correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Combined Accuracy (CA). As a result of the comparison of these methods, the best results were obtained in the M01 model of LSTM, LSTM-WM01, for Acipayam after WT (r: 0.9910, NSE: 0.9733, RMSE: 0.1637, and CA: 0.1030). While the best prediction for Bodrum was obtained in LSTM-WM02 after WT (r:0.9657, NSE:0.9325, RMSE:0.3101, and CA: 0.1929), for Fethiye it was obtained in LSTM-WM02 having performance metrics r:0.9539, NSE:0.8973, RMSE:0.3689, and CA: 0.2359. It is expected that the results obtained with this study will help researchers and decision-making authorities on drought.Öğe The role of social capital for widowed women in their social service needs: protective or obstructive(Routledge, 2025) Öztürk, Hatice; Yıldırım, FilizWidows face psychological, economic, and social challenges after the loss of their spouse. To identify the social service needs of these women, it is essential to understand the relationships and interactions—beginning from childhood—that form the foundation of these issues. Social capital, the focus of these relationships, is defined as close, distant, and formal relationships based on trust and norms. This study aims to understand the role of social capital in the social service needs of widows in Turkey through their narratives. This narrative study with 20 widows aged 18–65 explores their narratives through in-depth interviews. Participants were selected through snowball sampling, and thematic analysis was conducted using MAXQDA, 2024. The results revealed the significance of trust in the relationships of widows, beginning from childhood, and demonstrated that social capital can play both supportive and obstructive roles in meeting their social service needs. Furthermore, the results can provide evidence for why social workers working with widows should focus on their relationships with close, distant, and formal networks when assessing them from a person-in-environment perspective. Future researchers may focus on gender, stigmatization, and rural–urban residency to examine the role of social capital in meeting widows’ social service needs.Öğe Lead-Free Cs2(Cd/Sn)BeCl6 Halide Double Perovskites: a comprehensive first-principles study of structural, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties for sustainable energy applications(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Benkatlane, Aissa; Rached, Djamel; Caid, Messaoud; Rached, Habib; Deligöz, Engin; Rached, Youcef; Özışık, Hacı; Mansour, Houda; Benkhettou, Nour-EddineAb initio simulations based on density functional theory are employed to investigate the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Cs2ABeCl6 (A = Cd, Sn) halide double perovskites. The results demonstrate that both compounds crystallize in the stable cubic Fm-3m symmetry. Structural and thermodynamic stability are verified through the Goldschmidt tolerance factor (tG), octahedral factor (μ), modified tolerance factor (τ), formation energies (ΔEf), and Born–Huang criteria. Mechanical property evaluations suggest ductility and significant anisotropy in both compounds. First-principles calculations using the generalized gradient approximation indicate a direct bandgap of 1.98 eV for Cs2CdBeCl6 and an indirect bandgap of 2.58 eV for Cs2SnBeCl6. Optical investigations reveal significant absorption, refractive index, extinction coefficient, energy loss spectra, and reflectivity features in the energy range of 0–13 eV, indicating strong interactions within the ultraviolet region. Thermoelectric properties are evaluated using the BoltzTraP code, revealing low thermal conductivities and figure of merit values close to 1 at room temperature, which demonstrates excellent thermoelectric performance. The synergy of semiconducting behavior, strong UV absorption, and high thermoelectric efficiency positions Cs2CdBeCl6 and Cs2SnBeCl6 as promising candidates for optoelectronic and energy applications. This work presents the first theoretical investigation of beryllium-containing double perovskites, combining beryllium's unique mechanical stability with optoelectronic functionality.Öğe First report on the ısolation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hofit in wild boars (sus scrofa) in Türkiye(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2025) İlhan, Ziya; Hasdoğan, Harun; Gökmen, MukadderatThe aim of this study was to isolate potential bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., from wild boars (Sus scrofa) inhabiting the Southern Marmara Region of Turkiye and to evaluate the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Samples, including feces and internal organs (lymph nodes, liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen), were collected from a total of 34 legally hunted wild boars. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Hofit was isolated from 6 (17.6%) animals. Ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, ceftiofur, cefoxitin, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole discs were used to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of S. Hofit isolates. All S. Hofit isolates had 100% sensitivity to 11 of the antibiotics tested, and three isolates were resistant only to streptomycin. As a result, this study is the first to report the isolation of S. Hofit from wild boars worldwide. The high isolation rate (17.6%) suggests a potential adaptation of this serovar to swine hosts. The apparent prevalence of S. Hofit in wild boars raises concerns not only for wildlife but also for potential public health implications.Öğe The effect of cherry laurel, rutin flavonoid and α-lipoic acid on streptozotocin and nicotinamide ınduced type 2 diabetic rats given metformin(Springer International Publishing, 2025) Kaya Kartal, Yeliz; Pekcan, Mert; Ahlat, Ozan; Özkurt, Güzin; Kısmalı, Görkem; Gönenç, Aymelek; Sel, TevhideType 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, is a growing global health concern. The combined use of pharmaceutical medications and natural products for diabetes has become more common in recent years, although it is still unresolved how they might interact. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of metformin and natural antioxidants—cherry laurel, rutin flavonoids, and α-lipoic acid—on metabolic and histological outcomes in a type 2 diabetes model. Six rat groups were used, five of the groups rendered diabetic using nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.). For 12 weeks, animals received oral doses of metformin (500 mg/kg) and the combinations of metformin and natural products. Serum was analyzed for glucose, lipid profile, ceruloplasmin, plasma for nitric oxide and pancreatic tissue for histopathological changes and, insulin immunoreactivity. Ceruloplasmin levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats (22.89 ± 2.85 U/L) compared to the diabetic + metformin + rutin group (14.32 ± 0.73 U/L). Nitric oxide levels were lower in diabetic rats (61.27 ± 6.26 µmol/L) but elevated in the metformin-only group (110.22 ± 11.44 µmol/L). Histopathological evaluation showed pronounced pancreatic atrophy in the diabetic, diabetic + metformin + cherry laurel, and diabetic + metformin + rutin groups, while the diabetic + metformin group exhibited preserved tissue. Interestingly, insulin secretion was lower in the combination therapy groups (especially the use of rutin flavonoid and α-lipoic acid) compared with the control and diabetic + metformin group, suggesting potential antagonistic effects. Although glucose levels were not markedly different across treatment groups, histological findings revealed more pronounced tissue damage in antioxidant-metformin combinations than with metformin alone. These results highlight the importance of evaluating natural product–drug interactions before co-administration.Öğe Prognostic value of the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet score in metastatic mesothelioma: a retrospective study(S. Karger AG, 2025) Doğan, Özlem; Düzköprü, Yakup; Eren, TülayMalignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet (HALP) score, reflecting inflammation and nutritional status, is a potential prognostic marker in various cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the HALP score in mesothelioma. Methods: This retrospective study included 68 metastatic mesothelioma patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2023. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and HALP scores were calculated at the time of metastasis. Patients were divided into HALP-low and HALP-high groups based on the median HALP score. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The median HALP score was 24.85. The median OS for the entire cohort was 11.59 months. Patients with low HALP scores had significantly worse OS (7.81 months) compared to those with high HALP scores (16.36 months) (p = 0.01). Similarly, median PFS was significantly shorter in the HALP-low group (7.29 months) compared to the HALP-high group (12.12 months) (p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, low HALP score (p = 0.02) and de novo metastatic disease (p = 0.01) remained independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the HALP score is an independent prognostic biomarker in metastatic mesothelioma. Low HALP scores are associated with worse OS and PFS. Given its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, the HALP score may be a valuable tool for risk stratification and treatment decision-making in clinical practice.Öğe Advancing the thermodynamic approach with the predictive model for the freeze-drying of meat(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Öztuna Taner, ÖznurThe establishment of innovative engineering techniques for meat products is required because of the significant energy requirements associated with freeze-drying of food products. This study is innovative application research on the freeze-drying of meat process and analyses energy efficiency by employing predictive statistical methods. Thermodynamic laws play a crucial role in the thermodynamic analysis of frozen food processes by regulating the essential operations involved in food production. The thermodynamic evaluation of the freeze-drying of meat process was carried out over a total of 40 scenarios covering 24 h (20 scenarios) and 30 h (20 scenarios). The energy efficiency in the 24 h process fluctuated between 38.7 and 43.1% over the 20 scenarios, whereas in the 30 h process, it varied from 36.9 to 41.1% throughout the 20 scenarios. The analysis revealed that the energy efficiency of the 24 h scenarios exceeded that of the 30 h scenarios, suggesting that 24 h is the optimum period for meat drying. This comparative assessment indicates that shortening the drying duration can deliver substantial energy savings without compromising process effectiveness. Future research will look at the application of this technology to enhance food quality and shelf life by applying a comparable freeze-drying technique to meat in various food industries.Öğe Pb2CoMoO6 as a promising energy material: a first-principles perspective(Springer New York, 2025) Caid, M.; Deligöz, Engin; Rached, D.; Rached, H.; Mansour, H.; Özışık, H.; Rached, Y.This study presents a detailed first-principles investigation of the structural, elastic, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of the double perovskite Pb2CoMoO6 compound. The calculations were carried out the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). We evaluated the energetic stability, the Goldschmidt tolerance factor (tG), octahedral factor (µ), and modified tolerance factor (τ), formation energy (ΔHf), cohesive energy (Ecoh), phonon dispersion and mechanical characteristics. The findings confirm that Pb2CoMoO6 crystallizes in a perfectly cubic structure belonging to the Fm-3 m space group. Mechanical analysis indicates high elasticity and strength as evidenced by high mass and Young’s moduli, which indicative the stability of the material. The electronic structure calculations reveal half-metallic ferromagnetic (HMF) behavior, with a spin-up band gap of 1.558 eV along the L-Γ direction under the GGA + U approach. Additionally, the compound exhibits an integer magnetic moment of 3.0 µB per formula unit. Moreover, Pb2CoMoO6 exhibits strong optical absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and displays promising thermoelectric behavior, with favorable Seebeck coefficients and a high figure of merit (ZTmax≈1) at room temperature, suggesting potential for applications in spintronic and thermoelectric devices.Öğe A novel poly(vinyl N-furfuryl-N-benzoylthiourea) and its metal complexes: synthesis, properties, and food packaging applications(Springer Verlag, 2025) Kurt, Gülşah; Erdem, Nuran; Ünlü, Burhan4-vinyl-N-furfuryl-N-benzoylthiourea monomer (4VBT1) was successfully polymerized using free radical polymerization conditions with high yields and molecular weights, Mn = 674 kDa with 2.0 molecular weight distribution (PDI). Ag(I), Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of this polymer have also been successfully synthesized and characterized. The films of polymer (P4VBT1) and its silver complex (P4VBT1-Ag) were evaluated to determine their food preservation properties. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the packaged beef with P4VBT1 and P4VBT1-Ag films were carried out on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 14th days of the storage process. Moisture levels in P4VBT1 and P4VBT1-Ag stayed stable, and no significant pH difference was detected between the groups at the end of the storage period. The beef’s peroxide in P4VBT1-Ag packaging was lower than others at storage end. During storage, insignificant changes were observed in a* values for group B and b* values for groups A (P4VBT1) and B (P4VBT1-Ag). Throughout the storage period, group B demonstrated the lowest levels of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and total psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria (TPAB). On day 14, it also had the fewest Escherichia coli, but samples showed no statistical difference. By day ten, P4VBT1 and P4VBT1-Ag packaging showed reduced effectiveness in suppressing Coliform bacteria. Utilizing P4VBT1 and P4VBT1-Ag materials for packaging has led to a slowdown in microbial expansion.Öğe PET-CT indications and contributions to diagnosis in the rheumatology clinic: a retrospective analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kahraman Denizhan, Tuğba; Kaplan, Hüseyin; Kızıltepe, Melih; Kökoğlu, Emel Oğuz; Cengiz, Celil Barlas; Abdulrezzak, Ümmühan; Şenel, Abdurrahman SonerPositron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is a valuable imaging modality in both oncology and autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. This study evaluates the indications for PET-CT in rheumatology patients, compares PET-CT findings with other imaging modalities, and assesses its contribution to definitive diagnosis. Methods: Between January 2022 and December 2023, 63 patients (38 women, 25 men) who underwent PET-CT at Erciyes University Rheumatology Clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings—including prior CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiographic evaluations—were reviewed. PET-CT findings were classified based on metabolic uptake patterns indicating malignancy, vasculitis, inflammatory involvement, lymphadenopathy, and IgG4-related diseases. PET-CT results were statistically compared with final diagnoses. Results: The most common indications for PET-CT were suspected vasculitis (42.9%), fever/inflammation of unknown origin (30.2%), and suspected malignancy (27.0%). PET-CT detected inflammation in 65.1% of cases, lymphadenopathy in 52.4%, nodules in 41.3%, malignancy in 31.7%, and vasculitis in 20.6%. Vasculitis findings were significantly higher in patients with pre-existing rheumatic disease (p = 0.012), while malignancy-related findings were more frequent in those without (p = 0.025). Anti-SSA and anti-Scl70 positivity were significantly associated with malignancy (p = 0.003 and p = 0.030, respectively). PET-CT effectively detected malignancy (p < 0.001) but showed limited diagnostic accuracy for vasculitis (47.6%). Conclusion: PET-CT complements conventional imaging in evaluating vasculitis, inflammation, and malignancy in rheumatic diseases. However, it is insufficient for diagnosing vasculitis alone, necessitating a comprehensive clinical and laboratory approach. While PET-CT is highly effective in malignancy detection, autoantibody presence should be carefully considered in suspected cases.Öğe Driving quality forward: a study on the utilization of qı tools by hospital quality managers(Springer Netherlands, 2025) Demirci, Şenol; Gökmen Kavak, Demet; Aras, Yasin; Çizmeci Şenel, FigenThere are numerous ways to improve the quality of healthcare services, and Quality Improvement (QI) tools play a central role in this. These tools are essential for identifying problems, reducing errors and costs, modifying practices, generating innovative ideas, acquiring and analysing data, visualising issues, and supporting decision-making. Using them effectively promotes healthcare quality, patient safety, and optimal resource utilisation. Despite the importance of QI tools, the lack of systematic and comprehensive data on the frequency and purpose of their use in healthcare facilities constitutes the main problem area of this study. This descriptive and cross-sectional study examines the frequency and purpose of QI tool usage among quality managers in hospitals across Türkiye. The study population comprised quality managers from 248 hospitals who fully completed the survey. It focused on the use of 18 widely recognised QI tools, including Brainstorming, Fishbone Diagram, Five Whys, Flowchart, Control Chart, PDCA Cycle, FMEA, Histogram, Scatter Diagram, Process Mapping, and others. The results indicated that the least known tools were the Swiss Cheese Model, Spaghetti Diagram, Six Thinking Hats, House of Quality, Mapping the Last Ten Patients, Tree Diagram, and Pareto Chart. Conversely, Brainstorming, Fishbone Diagram, Five Whys, and Flowcharts were the most frequently used. QI tools were primarily used for generating ideas, visualisation, identifying problems, and analysing them. Significant differences in tool usage were observed based on experience in healthcare and quality roles. The findings underscore the complementary nature of QI tools and the need for enhanced training and awareness.Öğe Evaluation of calcium and non-phytate phosphorus deficient diets: effects on growth performance, carcase yield, tibia characteristics and jejunum histomorphology at 42 days of age in broilers(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Cufadar, Yusuf; Olgun, Osman; Gökmen, Seyit A.; Gül, Esra T.; Sevim, BehlülThe objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of dietary calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) levels that were progressively reduced in feed on performance, carcase, tibia traits and jejunum crypt depth and villus height in broilers. 2. For the purposes of this study, 480, one-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, with eight replicates per group and 15 birds per replicate. The starter period consisted of two different diets; the control diet contained 0.96% Ca and 0.48% non-phytase phosphorus (nPP) and the L-nPP diet contained 0.90% Ca and 0.45% nPP. The grower and finisher periods consisted of four different diets, namely control, L-nPP1, L-nPP2 and L-nPP3. The Ca contents of the control, L-nPP1, L-nPP2 and L-nPP3 diets during the grower period were 0.87%, 0.83%, 0.79%, 0.75% and the nPP contents were 0.44%, 0.42%, 0.40%, 0.38%, respectively. In the finisher period, the Ca contents of the control, L-nPP1, L-nPP2 and L-nPP3 diets were 0.78%, 0.71%, 0.60%, 0.50% and the nPP contents were 0.39%, 0.35%, 0.30%, 0.30%, respectively. 3. Dietary treatments had no effect on body weight or body weight gain; however, a decrease was observed in the L-nPP2 and L-nPP3 diet groups compared to the control group over the 11–24 d period. 4. No significant differences were observed in terms of tibial diameter, wall thickness or cross-sectional area. However, tibial ash and shear force were significantly lower in all groups with reduced Ca and nPP levels compared to the control group. The group fed the L-nPP3 diet exhibited a significantly higher crypt depth in comparison to the control and L-nPP1 groups, which was accompanied by a lower ratio of villus height to crypt depth. 5. Wheat and maize-based broiler diets can be fed with 23% reduced Ca and nPP levels of recommended values without adversely affecting growth performance but may compromise skeletal health and intestinal histomorphology of broilers.Öğe In defense of the coffeehouse chains in Türkiye: finding a silver lining amidst misinformation, disinformation, manipulation and social unrest(Cogent OA, 2025) Sığın, AykutProtests started all over the world in the last quarter of 2023 after Israel launched an aerial bombardment campaign on Gaza. Türkiye was one of the countries where large-scale protests against Israel took place. Organized and individual street protests as well as campaigns for boycotting Israeli products were initiated. Protesters went to Starbucks stores to tell customers to reconsider drinking Starbucks coffee after the company stated it would sue its union for announcing its support for Palestine. Casualties occurred despite statements from the Turkish branch of the company regarding their neutrality in political issues. I attempt to discuss that the nature of these attacks is anti-Western, rather than anti-Zionist by tracing the politics of coffee, coffeehouse chains and the public sphere. I conclude that coffeehouse chains, especially Starbucks, function as iconic carriers of Western values but they should be seen as a global cultural phenomenon in a rapidly changing world.Öğe Morphological variations of the middle and superior turbinates, olfactory fossa and nasal septum in different sphenoid sinus pneumatization patterns(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Gökşan, Ahmet Safa; Açar, Gülay; Digilli Ayaş, Betül; Çiçekcibaşı, Aynur Emine; Aydoğdu, DemetDetailed assessment of the extrasinusal pneumatization of the superior and middle turbinate (SCB, MCB), olfactory fossa (OFP), and nasal septum (NSP) in coronal and sagittal sphenoid sinus (SS) pneumatization types provides a precise understanding of the surgical corridors used for skull base surgery. We aimed to analyze the relationships among these variations using computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: CT images of 153 patients were retrospectively analyzed for all types of sinonasal pneumatizations and volumes of SCB and sphenoid sinus, together with the prevalence of mucosal thickening of the sphenoid sinus (MTSS). Results: The prevalences of cellular, extensive, and complete SCB were 28.6%, 21.1%, and 23.5% in prepterygoid; 38.1%, 42.1%, and 35.3% in prerotundum; and 33.3%, 36.8%, and 41.2% in postrotundum CSSP types, respectively. The frequencies of lamellar, bulbous, and extensive MCB were 29%, 14.3%, and 33.3% in pterygoid, 38.7%, 57.1%, and 25.9% in prerotundum, 32.3%, 8%, and 40.8% in postrotundum CSSP types, respectively. SCB and MCB were observed unilaterally at 24.8% and 30% and bilaterally at 12.8% and 32.7%, respectively. OFP, NSP, and MTSS were detected at 24.2%, 31.4%, and 27.5%, respectively. Increased age was significantly associated with a lower probability of pneumatization in SS and MCB. Conclusions: The data obtained showed that the degree of SS pneumatization significantly affected the frequencies of the SCB, MCB, OFP, NSP, and MTSS. Also, the SCB volume is significantly related to the CSSP types. Preoperative CT evaluation is crucial for surgeons to be aware of these variations and to avoid iatrogenic injury.Öğe The correlation between systemic immune-inflammatory index and helicobacter pylori infection and its severity(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Ordu, Melike; Öztürk, Gülfidan; Ergin, MustafaThe systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), derived from routine hemogram parameters, has recently emerged as a novel marker reflecting the balance between host immune status and inflammatory burden and may offer information about the severity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) associated gastric inflammation. We investigated whether there was a correlation between H. pylori inflammation, its severity, and this index. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study was conducted between January and December 2021. A total of 1137 H. pylori-positive and 401 H. pylori-negative patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included. Participants were grouped based on gastric tissue activity and chronicity scores, which reflect the histological severity of inflammation and mononuclear infiltration, respectively, as defined by the updated Sydney system. The SII and other inflammatory markers were statistically compared between groups. Correlation analysis was also performed to evaluate the relationship between histological severity and inflammatory parameters. Results: Lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet, SII, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were compared between the groups. No significant differences were observed. There was no significant difference in terms of the SII and other parameters in the H. pylori (+) group when the “1(+)” and “2(+) and 3(+)” subgroups were compared. No significant relationship was found between tissue activity and chronicity score values and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: No correlation was found between the presence and severity of H. pylori and the SII. This is the first study to compare inflammatory markers in the blood with activity and chronicity findings in the tissue.Öğe Molecular ınsights into the diversification and biogeographic history of six astragalus l. sections in the Turkish flora(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Ateş, Mevlüde Alev; Karaman, Seher; Aytaç, ZekiWith 493 taxa and 63 sections, Astragalus L. is the largest genus in Türkiye. Most of these are narrow endemics and usually found in marginal habitats or require edaphic specializations (about 42% of the species are endemic). Due to the genus’s extensive diversity of species and common economic use, numerous scientific studies have concentrated on specific species. Taxonomic categorization based on morphological characteristics is insufficient to distinguish certain taxonomic groups. However, there is no systematic molecular phylogenetic analysis of Turkish species that deals with speciation in this genus. To concentrate on molecular-level speciation, fresh leaves from 152 samples representing 30 species across six sections native to Türkiye were collected over several months of comprehensive field studies and analyzed with regard to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nrDNA and the trn L5′-L3′ + L3′-F(GAA) + mat K of cpDNA regions. Additionally, molecular clock estimations and biogeographical histories were analyzed to clearly understand the species’ divergence. Based on all studied regions, the Poterion section was found to be the newest and most divergent section, while the Megalocystis Bunge and Halicacabus Bunge sections were the closest and older ones. Furthermore, A. vaginans from section Hymenocoleus Bunge were included not only in this section but also in several other lineages. It is noteworthy that A. dipodurus and A. oleaefolius species from the section Macrophyllium Bunge are usually put together in a distinct sub-branch from other species members of the section in phylogenetic trees generated using both researched cpDNA and nrDNA regions. Moreover, some of the species are divided by the Anatolian diagonal, and the speciation of a significant number of species began during the Pleistocene geological time period. Geographical isolations or other weak isolation mechanisms preceded speciation in Astragalus, which requires more research in the future.Öğe Reliability of categorization of the shape of the lateral edge of the first metatarsal head in hallux valgus(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2025) Akgün, Ulaş; Özkan, Deniz; Gültaç, Emre; Canbek, UmutHallux valgus is a triplanar deformity with rotation being a significant contributing factor. Several methods exist for evaluating rotational deformity of the first ray, one of which involves assessing the shape of the lateral edge of the first metatarsal head. This study aimed to investigate the interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities of circle measurements on weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs to categorize the shape of the lateral edge of the first metatarsal head. A power analysis determined that a minimum of 128 radiographs was required to assess observer agreement for categorical data (alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.2, power = 80%). Patients diagnosed with hallux valgus at our institution between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and 128 radiographs were randomly selected. Two foot and ankle surgeons and 2 radiologists evaluated the radiographs on 2 separate occasions, classifying the first metatarsal head shape into 3 categories (angular, intermediate, and round) using circular measurements. Interobserver reliability was assessed using Fleiss' kappa, whereas intraobserver reliability was evaluated using Cohen kappa. Interobserver reliability for classifying the shape of the lateral edge of the first metatarsal head was found to be very good in both assessments (Fleiss' kappa = 0.83 and 0.84, respectively). The subcategory analysis revealed the highest agreement for the angular type, followed by the round type, with the lowest agreement observed for the intermediate type. The intraobserver Cohen kappa values ranged from 0.78 to 0.91. The level of interobserver agreement was found to be very good for the classification of the shape of the first metatarsal, and the intraobserver agreements were substantial to very good. In our opinion, this method is reliable and may be useful in determining the necessity for rotation-correcting surgery and advanced imaging with weight-bearing computed tomography.
