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Öğe Fractional integral inequalities for s-convex functions in the first sense(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Tınaztepe, Gültekin; Yeşilce Işık, İlknurCertain fractional integral inequalities via general fractional integral operator are presented for s-convex functions in the first sense. Also, they are restated in terms of the Riemann-Liouville and Hadamard fractional integrals and illustrated.Öğe C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and systemic immune-inflammatory index as potential markers in distinguishing acute cerebellar infarction from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, 2025) Şahin, Oruç; Güneş, Muzaffer; Dönmez, RecepTo investigate the potential utility of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) as a biomarker in distinguishing between BPPV and acute cerebellar infarction (ACI) due to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involvement. METHODS: The data of 2545 patients registered in our hospital database between 2017 and 2024 with a diagnosis of vertigo were retrospectively analyzed and 102 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and 100 patients with ACI were included in the study. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test were used to compare variables between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to investigate the predictive value of the data. RESULTS: The CAR and SII values were significantly higher in the ACI group compared to the BPPV group (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were as follows: CAR=0.768 (95% CI, 0.705-0.832), white blood cell count (WBC)=0.735 (95% CI, 0.667-0.802), monocytes=0.622 (95% CI, 0.544-0.699), red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD)=0.600 (95% CI, 0.522-0.678), SII=0.674 (95% CI, 0.599-0.748), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)=0.687 (95% CI, 0.613-0.761). CONCLUSION: CAR and SII could be useful biomarkers to differentiate between ACI and BPPV in vertigo patients, but further validation is needed in larger studies.Öğe Efficiency Assessment of Healthcare Resources: An In-Depth Exploration Using SFA, DEA, and Capacity Utilization Indicators(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Yetim, Birol; İlgün, Gülnur; Konca, Murat; Şahin, BayramThe demand for health care has increased. This demand causes an increase in the resources allocated and pressures on health managers and policymakers. Thus, it is important to evaluate the efficiency. It aimed to investigate the efficiency of the hospitals operating in Turkey. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Data Envelopment Analysis (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes Model [CCR] and Banker, Charnes and Cooper Model [BCC]), and capacity utilization indicators (bed occupancy ratio [BOR], bed turnover rate [BTR], and average length of stay [LoS]) were used. Thirty-nine of the 96 hospitals were found to be efficient according to BCC. It found that there was a strong correlation between the CCR model and SFA. It was moderate between BCC and SFA. Also, it was seen that there were significant differences between the SFA and BTR averages of the hospitals that were found to be efficient and inefficient. However, there were no significant differences between the averages of BOR and LoS. It is thought that the results obtained from different methods will help decision makers to better understand and monitor the performance of hospitals.Öğe Effectiveness of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell medium on burn wound healing: Focus on apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2025) Çelik Kenar, Zeynep; Tuzcu, Mehmet; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Majidov, Nijat; Öner, Muhammed; Tural Çifçi, Ayşenur; Şahin, RabiaThe aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment efficacy of Platelet–Rich Plasma (PRP), silver sulfadiazine, and Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Conditioned Medium (WJ–MSC– CM) on burn wounds using a rat model. The study included four groups, each with 16 rats, and the groups were further divided into two subgroups (n=8) for the 7th and 14th days of the treatment process. Group 1 received no treatment after the burn. Group 2 received PRP (Platelet–Rich Plasma) treatment on the first day after the burn. Group 3 was treated with silver sulfadiazine on the first day after the burn. Group 4 received WJ–MSC–CM on the first day after the burn. In the current study, the expression of Caspase–3, Bcl–2, TNF–α, p21, and Beclin–1 genes among the groups was evaluated by Real–time PCR. The silver sulfadiazine and WJ–MSC–CM treatment groups exhibited lower Bcl–2 expression and higher Caspase–3 and Beclin–1 expression compared to the other groups. TNF–α and p21 expression was high in the burn control group and showed lower expression in the treated groups. The current findings demonstrate that WJ–MSC–CM exhibits healing efficacy on burn wounds comparable to the reference drug (silver sulfadiazine) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and reducing necroptosis and DNA damage. Additionally, PRP provided some positive benefits compared to the control group but was less effective than the other treatments.Öğe Enhancing Beef Meat Emulsion: The Role of Banana Peel Albedo Powder(Polish Academy Sciences. Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, 2025) Ünal, Kübra; Dilek, Nazik M.; Alp, Halime; Erdem, Nuran; Babaoğlu, Ali S.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of banana peel albedo powder (BPAP) on the physicochemical and microstructural properties of beef meat emulsions. The emulsions were formulated with BPAP added at levels of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% of the weight of the raw beef used. Due to the formulation process, the final BPAP contents in the emulsions were 0%, 0.013%, 0.025%, and 0.038% (w/v), respectively. BPAP, 100 g, was found to contain 25.19 g insoluble and 6.20 g soluble dietary fiber. Among the minerals analyzed, calcium and zinc showed the highest content in BPAP. Incorporation of BPAP at a level of 1.5% of raw beef (w/w) to the emulsion resulted in the higher water holding capacity and the lowest cooking loss compared to control. Furthermore, the addition of BPAP up to a 1.0% of raw beef (w/w) level enhanced the emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, and apparent viscosity of the samples. Confocal laser scanning microscopy micrographs revealed that the emulsions containing BPAP at 0.5% and 1% of raw beef (w/w) exhibited a more stable and homogeneous microstructure. These findings suggest that BPAP, particularly at 1.0% of raw beef (w/w) level (0.025% in emulsion, w/v), can be effectively utilized as a natural functional ingredient to improve the quality of meat emulsions in food formulations.Öğe Comprehensive assessment of phytochemical profile and biological activity of local endemic species Kalidium wagenitzii extracts(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Şen, İsmail; Zengin, Gökhan; Çakmak, Yavuz SelimPlant bioactive compounds are promising natural alternatives to synthetic drugs due to their important biological activities. These phytochemicals are involved in plant metabolism and serve as adaptive responses to environmental changes. Especially, plants that grow under extreme environmental conditions often have unique phytochemical profiles and strong biological effects. This study focused on the biological activities of different extracts from Kalidium wagenitzii, a rare species of the Amaranthaceae family endemic to the Salt Lake basin in Aksaray, Turkey. Due to its limited habitat, the plant is thought to possess a distinctive phytochemical composition. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, PBD, and MCA assays, along with total phenolic and flavonoid content analysis. Enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated for cholinesterases, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase. Aqueous extract showed strong acetylcholinesterase (0.31 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (29.82 ± 0.92 mg KAE/g) inhibition. Methanolic extract was most effective against butyrylcholinesterase (1.93 ± 0.16 mg GALAE/g), while ethyl acetate extract had the highest α-amylase (308.51 ± 0.58 mg ACAE/g) and α-glucosidase (498.30 ± 3.07 mg ACAE/g) inhibition. HPLC analysis revealed epicatechin in ethyl acetate, catechin in methanol, and both in aqueous extract. These results suggest that K. wagenitzii has strong therapeutic potential, especially in managing diabetes.Öğe Enhancing heat transfer performance in elliptical tubes with nano fluids: A numerical case study(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Danışmaz, Merdin; Akdağ, ÜnalThis study focuses on investigating the thermal performance of elliptical tubes in heat transfer applications with three different working fluids, namely water, CuO-water nano fluid, and Al2O3-water nano fluid. The research emphasizes the role of channel cross-sectional geometry and the utilization of nano fluids in enhancing heat transfer for four different elliptical aspect ratios with the same hydraulic diameter. To ensure fully developed hydrodynamic flow conditions and eliminate pipe outlet effects, a test section for flow analysis was identified at the midsection of the designed pipe geometry. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS 2020 R2 commercial software for low Reynolds numbers, which yield laminar flow, to analyze the impact of the elliptical cross-sectional geometry and heat transfer characteristics on the flow. The effects of nano fluids and the use of elliptical pipes on heat transfer were validated against empirical formulas based on Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that nano fluids exhibit superior heat transfer performance compared to water across all elliptical aspect ratios investigated. Although the best thermal performance belongs to the CuO nanoparticle fluid, it was understood that the use of Al2O3 fluid would also be beneficial due to its accessibility and being more economical. Moreover, it was determined that increasing the ellipticity under the specified flow conditions improved the heat transfer efficiency. Overall, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between channel geometry, nano fluid selection, and heat transfer performance, offering valuable insights for designing more effective heat transfer systems in various engineering applications.Öğe Embracing Diversity in the Classroom: Teachers’ Perceptions on Culturally Responsive Classroom Practices in Türkiye(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025) Mercan Küçükakın, Pınar; Yıldırım Taştı, Özlem; Çobanoğlu, Rahime; Gökmenoğlu, Tuba; Akcaoğlu, Mustafa ÖztürkCreating culturally responsive learning environments stands as a pivotal objective for 21st-century classrooms to foster inclusive and equitable education. This phenomenological inquiry explores the perceptions and practices of classroom teachers regarding Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP) within the educational context of Türkiye. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 teachers purposefully selected from public schools in Gaziantep, a city notable for its increased cultural diversity in the country. Content analysis was utilized for data analysis. The following themes emerged in the study: Barriers to Culturally Responsive Pedagogy and Culturally Responsive Pedagogy Practices. The findings indicate that, although there are instances of culturally responsive practices being implemented and positive perceptions of CRP among educators, substantial challenges persist in integrating CRP effectively within classroom settings. The study highlights the need for effective professional development and teacher training focused on CRP.Öğe Development of edible films containing aronia (aronia melanocarpa) and probiotic(Slovak University of Agriculture, 2025) Sağlam, Ali; Aşan Özüsağlam, MeltemThe application of herbal extracts and probiotics to edible films has the potential to improve food safety. This study aims to investigate the usage possibility of food packaging film prepared by combining aronia fruit ethanol extract (AEE) and probiotic candidate strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 in the food industry. Firstly, the antimicrobial activity of AEE was determined. The extract showed antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms except Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal (MBC or MFC) concentration values of the extract against test microorganisms were determined between 12.5 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. Secondly, inhibitory activity of AEE on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from human milk was determined. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the films obtained by adding AEE (10%) or L. fermentum MA-7 separately or together was determined. The results showed that the AEE and probiotic mixture showed a synergistic effect and the highest antimicrobial activity was determined to be in the Gum-Extract-Probiotic (GEP) group. The thickness, density, moisture content, transparency, swelling degree, water solubility and light transmittance of the developed edible film were also determined. The mechanical properties of the films have improved the quality in food applications and prevented food spoilage. The GEP group extended the shelf life of its fruits by reducing mass loss by 35.88% at +4°C and 40.96% at +25°C compared to the control. The developed film can be used as bioactive antimicrobial food packaging as an alternative to synthetic packaging in the food industry.Öğe The Effect of Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Factors on Medication Adherence in Chronic Diseases in Turkey Using Structural Equation Modeling(Springer, 2025) Bilgin, Aylin; Döner, Ayser; Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter; Muz, GamzeThis study was to examine the factors associated with medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases within the concept of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 837 patients diagnosed with chronic diseases were included in this study between November 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected based on the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. Medication adherence level was evaluated with the “Medication Adherence Report Scale.” “Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale,” “Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale,” and “Spiritual Well-Being Scale” were used to evaluate the psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. Anxiety, social support status, and spiritual status were important correlates of medication adherence levels in individuals with chronic diseases. It was determined that variables such as age, gender, and number of chronic diseases did not affect medication adherence. Medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases is significantly associated with psychological, social, and spiritual factors. Therefore, when evaluating medication adherence, it should not be forgotten that it is a multifaceted concept and individuals should also be evaluated from psychological, social, and spiritual perspectives.Öğe Testing and optimizing methodologies for microplastic extraction from owl pellets(TUBITAK, 2025) Seyfe, Merve; Seyfe, Melike; Kankılıç, Tolga; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü NihanMicroplastic pollution is a pressing global environmental concern, potentially threatening ecosystems and entering the food chain. Owls, as nocturnal carnivorous birds, are at significant risk of ingesting microplastics due to their diverse foraging habits. This study aimed to identify the most suitable procedure for extracting microplastics from owl pellets, focusing on efficiency, functionality, and cost and ensuring the extraction of both prey and microplastics without damage. Experiments were conducted on pellets from long-eared owl (Asio otus) collected from three different habitats in Ankara, Türkiye. The extraction of microplastics was then tested using various treatments (n = 25), involving different durations, temperatures, and chemicals. A total of 100 pellet samples were utilized with three replicates for each treatment. The study identified three different methods particularly effective for microplastic extraction: using 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 55 °C for 75 min, using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 55 °C for 75 min, or using Fenton reagent (30% H2 O2 + FeSO4) at 50 °C. Additionally, immersing the pellets in a 60 °C water bath for 10 min improved the sorting of prey items. Overall, the most effective approach for extracting microplastics considering the balance of time, cost, and effort was using 10% KOH solution at 55 °C for 75 min.Öğe Synthesis of a Novel Supermagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and their Congo Red Dye Removal, Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities(Springer, 2025) Gökdağ, Semih; Caf, Fatma; Doğaner, Fulya; Kaya, Bülent; Aykutoğlu, GürkanPlantago lanceolata is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant interest from researchers due to the use of its physiologically active components, particularly polyphenolics (flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids), in various fields. The aim of this study is to synthesize iron oxide (PLE@FeNPs) nanoparticles using a green synthesis approach with Plantago lanceolata (P. lanceolata) leaf extracts, characterize them, evaluate their in vitro effects, and assess their use in the removal of Congo red (CR) from wastewater. We carried out the physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles using UV–Vis, FT-IR, and XRD spectroscopies; TEM and SEM microscopy; and Zetasizer particle size analysis. While the distinct peaks in XRD confirm the crystalline structure, TEM has determined an average particle size (8 nm) for PLE@NPs with deformed spherical nanoparticles. The FT-IR spectra showed that bioactive compounds from P. lanceolata were involved in the participation of PLE@FeNPs. EDX confirmed the presence of iron in the designed PLE@FeNPs. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer analyses of the studied PLE@FeNPs revealed significant activities. We investigated the adsorption kinetics of CR on PLE@FeNPs, taking into account initial dye concentration, different pH levels, adsorbent dosages, and temperature. At optimal conditions (concentration, 50 ppm; dosage, 15 mg; pH, 8), the degradation of CR dye in sunlight was found to be 99%. The small size of PLE@NPs (8 nm) and the more negative zeta potential (− 12.2 mV) support this situation. The equilibrium data demonstrated a good fit to the Langmuir isotherm model, outperforming the Freundlich isotherm model. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately described the kinetic data. PLE@NPs exhibited significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This situation suggests that the nanocomposition of PLE@NPs obtained through the green route may have improved efficiency due to various synergistic effects. Overall, these results pave the way for further applications in dye removal and biological applications of environmentally friendly PLE@FeNPs.Öğe Multi-stimuli-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose/κ-carrageenan nanogels integrated with magnetic graphene oxide for colon-specific delivery of sunitinib(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Işıklan, Nuran; Aytekin, Harun; Sonkaya, Ömer; Güncüm, EnesThe multi-stimuli-responsive nanohydrogels provide a powerful strategy for enhancing drug utilization, preservation, controlled release, and minimizing systemic toxicity. Herein, we designed and developed a new multi-stimuli-responsive magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) integrated carboxymethyl cellulose/κ-carrageenan (CMC/CG/MGO) nanogels (NGs) for colon-specific delivery of sunitinib (SU). The physicochemical properties of the CMC/CG/MGO NGs were investigated by various analytical techniques of XRD, FTIR, TGA VSM, DLS, BET, and FESEM/TEM. The in-vitro SU release results exhibited that the CMC/CG/MGO NGs have a sustained release behavior with good pH, magnetic field, and near-infrared (NIR) light-dependent properties. The integrated photothermal agent MGO endowed the CMC/CG NGs with efficient photothermal properties, enabling precise SU release control under NIR laser irradiation. The CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs displayed a good photothermal conversion effect (η = 38.5%). Besides, the CMC/CG/MGO NGs were not cytotoxic (cell viability > 73% at 15.6–500 ppm) for the L929 fibroblast and Caco-2 cell lines. The MTT results also revealed that the CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs exhibited enhanced anti-cancer activity compared to free SU under NIR laser irradiation. These results highlight the potential of CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs as a promising candidate for remotely controlled multi-stimuli-responsive drug delivery.Öğe Functional Bacterial Cellulose-Based MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Electronic-Skin Patch for Accelerated Healing and Monitoring(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025) İlhan, Saliha Nur; Akyüz Yılmaz; Çiftçi, FatihThis study aims to develop and characterize electroactive hydrogels based on reduced bacterial cellulose (BC) and Ti3C2Tx-MXene for their potential application in wound healing and real-time monitoring. Impact Statement: The integration of Ti3C2Tx-MXene into BC matrices represents a novel approach to creating multifunctional hydrogels that combine biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and mechanical durability. These properties make the hydrogels promising candidates for advanced wound care and real-time monitoring applications. Introduction: Wound healing requires materials that support cell growth, promote tissue regeneration, and enable real-time monitoring. MXenes, a class of 2-dimensional materials, offer unique electrical and mechanical properties, making them suitable for biomedical applications. This study explores the integration of Ti3C2Tx-MXene with BC, a biopolymer known for its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, to create electroactive composite hydrogel films for advanced wound care. Methods: Ti3C2Tx-MXene was synthesized by etching Ti3AlC2 with hydrofluoric acid and integrated into BC pellicles produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinum. The composite hydrogel films underwent characterization through x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine structural, chemical, and thermal properties. Mechanical testing assessed tensile and compressive strengths. Biological assessments, including cell viability, hemolysis rate, and protein expression, evaluated biocompatibility and regenerative potential. Results: XRD confirmed the crystallographic structure of MXene and BC composite film. XPS and FTIR validated the successful incorporation of MXene into the film matrix. Composite hydrogel films demonstrated a tensile strength of 3.5 MPa and a compressive strength of 4.2 MPa. TGA showed stability up to 350 °C, and the electrical conductivity reached 9.14 × 10−4 S/m, enabling real-time monitoring capabilities. Cell viability exceeded 95%, with a hemolysis rate below 2%. Protein expression studies revealed the ability to promote skin regeneration through collagen I, K10, K5, and filaggrin expression. Conclusion: The BC/MXene composite hydrogel films exhibit important potential as electronic-skin patches for accelerating wound healing and enabling real-time monitoring. Their unique combination of mechanical durability, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility highlights their promise for advanced wound care applications.Öğe From Perseverance of Effort to Perceived Employability in First-Generation College Students: The Mediating Role of Career Adaptability and Career Engagement(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025) Ayvaz, Ahmet; Elhatip, Yaser EmirAlthough constraining contextual and extrinsic factors pose significant challenges for first-generation college students, intrinsic and individual strengths also play a crucial role in facilitating positive outcomes in their career development. To better understand the role of these factors, this study aimed to examine the relationships among perseverance of effort, career adaptability, career engagement, and perceived employability, within the framework of Career Construction Theory. Data were collected from 308 senior first-generation college students in Türkiye. Using PROCESS v4.3 for R, we found that perseverance of effort significantly predicted both career adaptability and career engagement. Career adaptability significantly predicted both career engagement and perceived employability, while career engagement also significantly predicted perceived employability. Additionally, career adaptability and career engagement serially mediated the relationship between perseverance of effort and perceived employability. This study revealed that adaptivity, adaptability, and adapting responses were crucial internal factors leading to positive outcomes for first-generation college students. The implications, limitations, and future directions of this research are also discussed.Öğe Redox balance in dairy cattle and their calves at birth and its relationship to colostral passive immunity(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2025) Gökçe, E.; Cihan, P.; Kuru, M.; Atakişi Onur; Erkılıç, Ekin Emre; Makav, M.; Erdoğan, H.M.Newborn calves are exposed to oxidative stress (OS) just after birth, and yet the role of colostrum in OS is not well detailed. The redox indicators, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI)] along with immunoglobulin-G (IgG) concentrations were assessed in 21 healthy Swiss Brown mother-calf pairs. Furthermore, alterations in theseparameters and IgG concentrations were analysed in an additional 23 healthy calves during the first 45 days of life (day 0 = at birth, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 45). TAS and TOS concentrations were determined calorimetrically and IgG level by commercial ELISA kit. A negative correlation was determined between colostral IgG and serum maternal TOS (r:-0.49, P<0.05) and colostral TAS (r:-0.54, P <0.05). Calves exhibited elevated levels of TOS (8.29±0.30), TAS (0.71 ± 0.02) and OSi (1.20 ± 0.08) at birth. However these levels decreased after the 24th hour (6.72 ±0.2, 0.65 ±0.03, and 1.05 ±0.05, respectively) and remained stable throught the study. In conclusion, our results suggest that newborn calves experience OS after birth and colostral antioxidants may highlights its potential role in mitigating OS in these calves. The results may be of help in improving antioxidant capacity, either by treating dams during pregnancy or by treating colostrum with substances with antioxidant properties.Öğe Effects of Intrauterine Isoproterenol Administration on Ovarian Follicular Development in Cows(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Tohumcu, Vefa; Cengiz, Mehmet; Hayirli A.; Altınkaynak, K.; Arslanbaş, Emre; Çıplak, Alper Yasin; Aydın, S.; Alat, ÖmercanIsoproterenol (ISO) is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist known for its vasodilatory effects. This experiment aims to investigate whether intrauterine ISO administration could alter vascular indices and follicular development in postpartum Holstein cows. Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate the effects of intrauterine ISO administration on vascular changes and its impact on follicular development compared to placebo groups. Study Design: This randomized controlled study was conducted on 36 Holstein cows selected based on their health status, including only those free from reproductive, metabolic and infectious disorders. Methods: The cows (n = 36) were divided into two groups as control received distilled water alone (CON, n = 18) and experiment received 4 mg ISO in 40 mL distilled water (ISO, n = 18) and four subgroups as CON-I (n = 9), CON-II (n = 9), ISO-I (n = 9) and ISO-II (n = 9) according to days of intrauterine administration (I or II represents to 1 or 2 days after ovulation, respectively). Uterine and ovarian artery blood flows were assessed before and after administration by Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected both before and after administration (on Day 1 or 2) and on Days 3, 6 and 9 post-ovulation for hormonal analysis. Antral follicle count (AFC) was recorded on the blood sampling days. Data were analysed via mixed model ANOVA. Results: Intrauterine ISO administration significantly increased the pulse rate (PR) in the ovaries (89.4 vs. 65.5 bpm, p < 0.0001) and uterus (90.6 vs. 64.2 bpm, p < 0.0001). Early AFC (1–2.9 mm) decreased, whereas small AFC (3–4.9 mm) increased in the ISO groups. The weighted average antral follicle size (WAAFS) significantly increased in the ISO group but remained unchanged in the controls. Hormonal analysis revealed elevated levels of FSH (626 vs. 468 mIU/mL), AMH (61.3 vs. 46.4 ng/L), E2 (138 vs. 122 ng/L), P4 (15.3 vs. 10.6 ng/mL), IGF-1 (62.6 vs. 25.1 ng/mL) and IGFBP-3 (28.4 vs. 16.5 ng/mL) in the ISO groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that intrauterine administration of ISO on Day 1 post-ovulation could be a promising ‘adjunct technique’ for future research focussed on minimizing dependence on exogenous hormones or improving the sensitivity of follicles to endogenous hormonal signals, thereby potentially enhancing oocyte yield.Öğe Feline Panleukopenia - Effects of Treatment with Filgrastim on Mortality, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2025) Uyurca, Tarık; Haydardedeoğlu, Ali EvrenPanleukopenia is a highly contagious and fatal disease of cats. Although infection may be prevented by intensive vaccination of animals in the home environment, infection is frequently seen in stray animals that are not vaccinated and are in contact with the virus. Treatment protocols in the disease consist of classical supportive therapies because there is no specific antiviral drug. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Filgrastim administration on mortality, complete blood count, and serum biochemical parameters in the treatment of cats infected with Feline Panleukopenia Viruses (FPV). Materials, Methods & Results: The study population consisted of 2-6 months old cats of different breeds and sexes who were brought to our clinic with complaints of lethargy, anorexia, high fever, diarrhoea and vomiting. A complete blood count was taken from the symptomatic patients during physical examination and FPV Ag test was performed. Fourteen cats with positive FPV antigen test and 7 healthy cats with negative FPV Ag test without clinical symptoms were included in the study. The study included 7 Panleukopenia-infected cats treated with Filgrastim in addition to conventional supportive therapy, 7 Panleukopenia-infected cats treated with conventional supportive therapy, and 7 healthy cats. Complete blood count and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed from the samples taken from the patients on days 0, 3 and 7. As a result of the treatment, the mortality rate was 14.28% in both groups. In this study, it was observed that the administration of Filgrastim (Group 1) had statistically significant results on WBC (P < 0.009), lymphocytes (P < 0.009) and granulocytes (P < 0.003) between days 0 and 7 in cats with FPV. This suggests that the administration of Filgrastim in addition to supportive therapy increases the number of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The administration of Filgrastim as an adjunct to supportive therapy had no effect on the serum biochemistry values of the patients. In conclusion, the administration of Filgrastim in the treatment of panleukopenia did not result in a change in the mortality rate. Discussion: The incidence of FPV decreases as the age of the animal increases. In cats aged 3-5 months, the amount of antibody from the mother decreases. In this study, it was determined that the age of all FPV Ag positive cats included in group 1 and group 2 was 2-6 months. It has been reported that there may be a rapid increase in neutrophil counts in cats with FPV treated with filgrastim. In this study, it was observed that the use of Filgrastim (Group 1) in cats with FPV produced statistically significant results on WBC, lymphocytes and granulocytes between days 0 and 7. This shows that the use of Filgrastim in addition to supportive therapy increases the number of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The incidence of FPV decreases as the age of the animal increases. In cats aged 3-5 months, the amount of antibody from the mother decreases. In this study, it was determined that the age of all FPV Ag positive cats included in group 1 and group 2 was 2-6 months. Serum biochemistry parameters are not specific for FPV. Hypoalbuminaemia is the most common abnormality, probably due to decreased protein intake and leakage from mucosal lesions into the gastrointestinal tract. Similar to the literature, no significant change was observed in biochemical parameters. In addition, serum biochemical examinations have shown that Filgrastim can be administered to cats without any side effects. Before administering an immune modulator such as G-CSF, the stage of the disease and the status of the immune system should be taken into consideration.Öğe Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field During Adolescence Can Cause Destruction and Pain in Bone Tissue and Cells While Also Triggering New Bone Formation(Springer International Publishing, 2025) İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Kaya, Haydar; İkinci Keleş, Gökhan; Tümkaya, LeventThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the application during adolescence of a 0.9 Gigahertz electromagnetic field (EMF) on rat femoral bone tissue and locomotor activity. Methods: Twenty-four male 21-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, sham and EMF-exposed groups (n = 8). The control group was not exposed to any treatment, while both the EMF and sham groups were subjected to the exposure system for 25 days, the EMF group receiving treatment for one hour each day. Only the EMF group received the 0.9 Gigahertz EMF. All groups were subjected to open-field testing to evaluate locomotor activity on postnatal day 46. The animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 47, and the right femoral bones were removed and subjected to histopathological and stereological analyses. Results: Pathological changes were detected in the femoral bones from the EMF group, including significant decreases in the width of the femoral bone wall, trabecular volume, and total bone area. Osteocyte and osteoblast numbers also decreased significantly, while osteoclast numbers exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05). Megakaryocytic hyperplasia and intravascular thrombus were observed in the bone marrow. The open-field test results revealed a significant decrease in EMF group rat motor functions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings show that a 0.9 Gigahertz EMF applied in the adolescent period leads to changes in femoral bone and bone marrow. This effect causes pathological and structural changes in rat bone tissue, and these may restrict the animals’ motor activities by causing pain.Öğe Anti-cancer effect of Thymus vulgaris based synthesized gold nanoparticles in giant macroporous silica: impact on MCF-7 breast cancer cells(Springer, 2025) Koç Bilican, Behlül; Benarous, Samiha; Koca, Fatih Dogan; Cansaran-Duman, Demet; Sørensen, Martin Vinther; Bilican, Ismail; Kaya, MuratConventional cancer therapies, while effective, are frequently associated with significant adverse effects owing to their lack of selectivity, impacting both malignant and healthy cells. To address these challenges, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising platform for targeted drug delivery. Giant macroporous silica (GMS) is a recently developed material, with its drug delivery potential explored in only a single study to date. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using Thymus vulgaris (garden thyme) extract were incorporated into GMS, forming GMS-AuNPs. Additionally, AuNPs coated with chitosan (AuNPs@CS) were similarly loaded into GMS, resulting in GMS-AuNPs@CS composites. The synthesized materials were characterized through light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The anti-cancer effects of GMS-AuNPs and GMS-AuNPs@CS were assessed against breast cancer cells using real-time cell analysis. Notably, no cytotoxic effects were observed on MCF-12 A normal breast epithelial cells at any of the tested concentrations. GMS-AuNPs demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that GMS-AuNPs hold promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
