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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/203

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The Effect of Touch Therapy on Symptoms and Psychosocial Variables in Individuals Diagnosed with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2025) Muz, Gamze; Bilgin, Aylin; Yüce, Gülyeter Erdoǧan; Döner, Ayser
Background Touch therapy is used in the control of physical and psychological symptoms in cancer patients. However, its effectiveness has not been well studied. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of touch therapy intervention on symptoms and psychosocial factors for patients with cancer. Method Four electronic databases were used to identify all experimental studies that examine the effects of touch therapy on symptoms and psychosocial factors for patients with cancer. The standardized mean differences between groups in levels of symptoms and psychosocial factors for postintervention were computed for each study. Result The pooled results suggest that touch therapy intervention effectively reduces pain, fatigue, anxiety, and negative mood among patients with cancer postintervention. However, touch therapy intervention did not affect the quality of life and stress. Conclusion A significant effect of touch therapy was the reduction of physical and psychological symptoms in cancer patients. Implications for Practice Touch therapy could be safely integrated into the clinical practice of patients with cancer.
The effectiveness of art-based interventions for cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier, 2025) Ünal, Eda; Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of art-based interventions on anxiety, depression, fatigue, and overall quality of life (QoL), including its physical, psychological, and social dimensions in cancer patients. Methods: The literature search included all studies published up to March 2024. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and PubMed databases considering the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Data were analysed using the MAJOR package in JAMOVI 2.3.28. Results: Fifteen studies conducted with 1113 cancer patients were identified and included in this study. Ten of the studies included women with breast cancer. The remaining studies involved chemotherapy patients with various cancers (n = 3), cancer patients in a blood and marrow transplantation unit (n = 1), and nasopharyngeal cancer patients (n = 1). Meta-analysis indicated that art-based interventions had a significant effect on anxiety, depression and physical aspects of QoL but no significant impact on fatigue, overall QoL, or the psychological and social dimensions of QoL. Conclusions: This study provided clinical support for pursuing art-based research on anxiety, depression, and the physical QoL in cancer patients. However, the effect of art-based interventions on cancer patients' fatigue and their overall QoL, including its social and psychological dimensions, was insignificant.
The mediating role of perceived psychological safety in the effect of health-oriented leadership on organizational commitment: a hospital sample
(Kafkas Üniversitesi, 2024) Özdemir, Şefik; Şahin, Nursena
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of health- oriented leadership and psychological safety on employees' organizational commitment. For this purpose, the impact of health-oriented leadership on organizational commitment and the mediating effect of psychological safety perception in this impact were examined. The data of the study were collected face-to-face using a questionnaire consisting of scales for health-oriented leadership, organizational commitment, and psychological safety. The data collected from 130 participants consisting of employees of a private hospital in a province in Turkey, were analyzed using statistical software. The analyses revealed that health-oriented leadership positively affects organizational commitment, and psychological safety perception partially mediates this effect.
The Relationship of the Change in Hydrogeochemical Features and Lithium Values of Kızılırmak Basin (Nevsehir-Central Anatolia) Water with Tectonic Fields
(Technical University of Kosice, 2024) Demircioğlu, Ramazan; Elhatip, Hatim
In this study, in particular, the relationship between high lithium values and geological environments was examined. To determine this, the geology, structural geology, hydrogeology, and hydrogeochemistry of the area in the north of the Gülşehir-Yeşilöz sub-basin of the Kızılırmak Basin were investigated. For hydrogeological studies, 19 water samples were collected in May and September. Tectonically, this area has a horst-graben structure. The relationships between the water analysis values of the study area and the tectonic areas were investigated. In particular, the lithium content of the waters in the study area was investigated. Hydrogeochemical properties and seasonal changes in water resources were studied in detail, and their relationship with tectonic areas was evaluated. Water analyses were carried out during wet and dry periods to determine temporal hydrogeochemical changes. According to the analysis, the waters in the area are of Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies. In addition, there are water samples with high lithium content in the study area. IDW and Kernel diagrams of these were prepared. It was found that these high values were influenced by the rocks formed in the ancient sea and saline lake environments. The region with the highest lithium value is in the formations that represent the former salt lake environment. High lithium (Li) values are generally higher in the region within the Kızılırmak graben. Lithium values in this area were determined as 241.3 µg/L, 154.5 µg/L, 155.2 µg/L, 156.8 µg/L, and 155.6 µg/L.
Comparison of Geological Structures and Satellite-based Tectonic Lineaments in Gülağaç (Aksaray) and its Surroundings
(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2024) Demircioğlu, Ramazan
The study area covers the Gülagaç district of Aksaray and its surroundings in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The basement of the study area consists of metamorphic rocks belonging to the Paleozoic–Mesozoic-aged Kaman Group. Mesozoic-aged ophiolites overlie these rocks, and both are cut by Late Cretaceous-aged igneous rocks. These units were then overlain by Palaeocene-Quaternary-aged volcanic and sedimentary units. The region has important geological structures that have undergone polyphase deformation, especially in the Eocene units. As a result of these deformations, faults, fractures, folds and linearities were formed. . These structures were compared with satellite-based tectonic lineaments, and it was observed that the general orientations of the lines determined in the field and the satellite-based lineaments were largely compatible. The results of this study can make an important contribution to the exploration of mineral and geothermal resources in the region.
The extraction and structural analysis of lineaments around Gülsehir (Nevşehir) using GIS methods
(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2024) Demircioğlu, Ramazan; Eren, Yaşar; Coşkuner, Berkant
This study aims to determine the lineaments in the Palaeozoic - Cenozoic rocks outcropping around Gülşehir (Nevşehir) using Landsat-8 satellite images, shaded relief and slope maps and to compare them with field studies. Faulted structures in the region are formed by E-W trending thrusts, NE-SW trending reverse faults and NW-SE trending normal faults. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to produce the lineament maps. Google Earth and Landsat 8 images were also used. The shaded relief map (SRM) and slope map were derived from the DEM. The analysis of the produced linearity maps showed that the slope map and the integrated (SRM) map were more consistent with the field data. The lineament maps derived from the slope maps are largely consistent with the faults and fractures identified in the field. According to the strike maps, N15-300E and N75-900W orientated structures dominate the region. Lineaments show a tendency in all directions due to polyphase deformation.
Association of the relationship between tectonic lineaments and natural springs around Nigde Massif, central Anatolia, Turkey
(Springer, 2024) Demircioğlu, Ramazan
In this study, the aim was to determine the relationship between tectonic lineaments derived from satellite data and springs. The study area covers Gümüşler (Nigde) and its surroundings in the northern Nigde Massif. The study investigated the connection between this area’s tectonic lineaments and natural water resources. Remote sensing methods used in mineral exploration and the determination of geothermal fields have also been applied in this study, supported by intensive field studies. The high-grade metamorphic rocks of the massif exhibit faulted and fractured structures due to polyphase deformation, giving these rocks important aquifer characteristics. Numerous springs have formed due to the effects of faults and fractures. The study definitively established the relationship between 82 natural water resources (springs) and tectonic lineaments. Almost 87% of the identified natural water resources are located on lineaments. In addition, other springs were determined to have discharge due to discontinuities in formation boundaries.
Polyphase deformation features and extensional detachment faults on the northern and southern edges of the Nigde Massif (Central Anatolia-Turkey)
(Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, 2024) Demircioğlu, Ramazan
The polyphase deformation features and detachment faults on the northern (Gumusler) and southern (Camardı) borders of the Nigde Massif rocks, as well as the structures developed as a result of these faults, are investigated in this paper. The Nigde Massif in the studied areas is basement Palaeozoic–Mesozoic metamorphic units. The Late Cretaceous Uckapılı granodiorite and Sineksizyayla meta-gabbro introduced the Nigde massif. These units are overlain unconformably by Late Cretaceous-Quaternary rocks. The metamorphic rocks on the massif's southern edge underwent 5-phase ductile deformation, whereas the metamorphic rocks on the northern margin underwent 3-phase folding. Both the northern and southern edges include post-Middle Eocene extensional detachment features. These are most likely extensional detachment faults related to the massif's uplift. Central Anatolia is still under an extensional tectonic regime today. Therefore, detachment fault activity and occurrence continue. A large portion of the low-angle normal faults shows an extensional detachment feature. The detachment faults identified north and south of the study area are also active today.
Relationship Between Tectonic Lineaments and Springs North of Avanos (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Demircioğlu, Ramazan
The study area covers Avanos-Ozkonak and its surroundings north of Nevsehir province. An attempt was made to determine the relationship between tectonic lineaments and springs in the area. It was found that there is a close relationship between the location of springs and tectonic lineaments. In recent years, lineaments have been used in mineral exploration studies and geothermal areas. Remote sensing methods have also been used in this study. The relationship between tectonic lineaments (faults and fractures) and spring formations obtained from field studies and satellite-based studies was evaluated. Metamorphic rocks belonging to the Kirsehir massif and Paleocene–Middle Eocene aged units were subjected to polyphase deformation. As a result of these deformations, faults and cracks were formed. This situation has given aquifer properties to the rocks. At the same time, many springs were formed by faults and cracks. This study determined the relationship between 342 springs identified during field works and tectonic lineaments. Approximately 89% of the springs identified in the field were found to be located on the tectonic lineaments obtained from the satellite imagery. Some springs discharged from discontinuities on the formation boundaries.
Investigation of Salanda Fault Zone, between Yesiloz and Gumuskent (Nevsehir-Turkey) with PSInSAR
(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2024) Demircioğlu, Ramazan; Oktar, Osman
In this study, the section of the Salanda fault zone between Yesiloz village and Gumuskent (Nevsehir, Turkey) was investigated by geodetic methods, and the amount of movement in this area was determined. We used a Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) to determine the line of sight (LOS) movement. Previous studies using geological and geomorphological indices have shown that the Salanda fault zone is active. For the first time in this study, 36 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired between January 8, 2020, and November 29, 2022, were used in PSInSAR analysis. When the annual velocity values of the stud area in the LOS direction were analysed, annual subsidence values of up to 7.6 mm and annual uplift values of up to 7.2 mm were revealed. These movements indicate that the Salanda fault is active and normal fault characteristics. However, it also has a dextral strike-slip component.
The effect of mindfulness-based interventions on caregiver burden, quality of life and psychological distress in caregivers of adults with chronic diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter; Döner, Ayser; Bilgin, Aylin; Muz, Gamze
Chronic diseases requiring long-term treatment, care, and follow-up can negatively affect the health and well-being of caregivers. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly used as a mental health intervention to control the psychological problems experienced by caregivers and improve their quality of life. Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide evidence for a holistic evaluation and synthesis of the effects of MBIs applied to caregivers of adults with chronic disease on the burden, quality of life, and psychological distress. Methods: Studies evaluating the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on caregivers of adults with chronic diseases and published through September 2023 were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO. Methodological quality was assessed with the modified JADAD scale, and bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Randomized controlled studies were included. The standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. Heterogeneity was analyzed using the I2 test and Q statistic. Publication bias was assessed with the Egger regression test. Results: This meta-analysis included 12 studies. Pooled evidence found that MBIs resulted in significant improvements in stress, anxiety, depression, and caregiver burden in caregivers of adults with chronic illness but had no significant effects on quality of life, resilience, and mindfulness. The Egger's test showed no evidence of publication bias. Linking Evidence to Action: MBIs can be considered as a helpful method to increase psychological well-being and reduce caregiver burden in caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. These findings may direct clinicians to conduct mindfulness-based interventions for caregivers of adults with chronic diseases.
Kanserden Kurtulanların Karşılanmayan İhtiyaçları Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2023) Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter; Muz, Gamze; Döner, Ayser
Bu çalışma, Türkçeye uyarlanmış Kanserden Kurtulanların Karşılanmayan İhtiyaçları Ölçeği'nin (Tr-CaSUN) psikometrik özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Metodolojik tasarıma sahip bu çalışma bir üniversite hastanesinin onkoloji merkezinde ayaktan takip edilen 350 kanserden sağ kalan birey ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler Aralık 2020 ve Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. CaSUN'un kültürler arası adaptasyonu için ileri çeviri, sentez, geri çeviri ve uzman değerlendirmesini içeren bir prosedür izlenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA), ölçüt geçerliği Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği ve Avrupa Kanser Araştırma ve Tedavi Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği, güvenirliği ise, iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve test-tekrar test yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ölçeğin kapsam geçerlik indeksi 0.96 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçek uyarlanırken daha güçlü bir yapı elde etmek ve uyumu iyileştirmek için bazı maddeler çıkarılmıştır. AFA ile beş faktör ve 21 maddeden oluşan ve varyansın %78.5'ini açıklayan bir model elde edilmiştir. DFA ile modelin iyi bir uyuma sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin geneli için Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0.93 ve test-tekrar test güvenirliği korelasyon katsayıları 0.73 ile 0.93 arasında bulunmuştur. Ölçek, anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi ölçekleri ile orta düzeyde ve anlamlı korelasyon göstermiştir. Sonuç: Tr-CaSUN'un, kanserden sağ kalanların karşılanmamış ihtiyaçlarını değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Effect of Touch Therapy on Symptoms and Psychosocial Variables in Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023) Muz, Gamze; Bilgin, Aylin; Döner, Ayser; Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter
Background Touch therapy is used in the control of physical and psychological symptoms in cancer patients. However, its effectiveness has not been well studied. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of touch therapy intervention on symptoms and psychosocial factors for patients with cancer. Method Four electronic databases were used to identify all experimental studies that examine the effects of touch therapy on symptoms and psychosocial factors for patients with cancer. The standardized mean differences between groups in levels of symptoms and psychosocial factors for postintervention were computed for each study. Result The pooled results suggest that touch therapy intervention effectively reduces pain, fatigue, anxiety, and negative mood among patients with cancer postintervention. However, touch therapy intervention did not affect the quality of life and stress. Conclusion A significant effect of touch therapy was the reduction of physical and psychological symptoms in cancer patients. Implications for Practice Touch therapy could be safely integrated into the clinical practice of patients with cancer.
A review of the Anatolian Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) via morphological and bioacoustics characters: data suggesting a new species, a new subgenus and three new statuses
(Zootaxa, 2023) Mol, Abbas; Şirin, Deniz; Taylan, Mehmet Sait; Sevgili, Hasan
Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae) is an interesting genus with clavate antennae, differing from the other genera by the pyriform (pear-shaped) anterior tibiae in the male and being represented by 17 taxa species-subspecies in the Palaearctic region. Anatolian species of this genus have not been adequately studied, and almost all of them are cold tolerance species and live in high mountain meadows. The previous studies indicate that the taxa belonging to Gomphocerus have some taxonomic problems in both Turkey and the Palaearctic region. For this reason, the genus needs taxonomic revision due to its biogeographical, biodiversity, taxonomical and faunistic issues for which morphological and bioacoustics characteristics are to be used. This study was carried out between the years 2015 and 2021 at different altitudes and habitats of the mountains, where Gomphocerus specimens were collected from various localities in Anatolia. Since the species belonging to the genus have distinct morphological differences, the genus is divided into two subgenera: the nominate subgenus and a new subgenus Bolivarianus Mol, subgen. n. In addition, a new species of the nominate subgenus Gomphocerus (Gomphocerus) eyluldenizi Mol, sp.n. is described from Erzurum province (Eastern Anatolia) and when both morphology and bioacoustics characteristics are evaluated, three subspecies of the genus distributed in Anatolia are designated at species level: Gomphocerus (Gomphocerus) turcicus Mistshenko, 1951 stat. n. et sp. rev., Gomphocerus (Bolivarianus) acutus Karabag, 1957 stat. n., and Gomphocerus (Bolivarianus) hemipterus Karabag, 1953 stat. n. Furthermore, a key to the subgenus and species level for Anatolian members of Gomphocerus is provided with original figures, a distributional map and suggestions for conservation status according to IUCN categories are presented.
How Humble Leadership Influences Employee Voice The Roles of Psychological Safety and Work Engagement
(Hogrefe Verlag, 2024) Kerse, Gökhan; Koçak, Daimi; Özdemir, Şefik
In this study, we tested a serial mediation model that examines psychological safety and work engagement as mediators in the relationship between humble leadership and employee voice with reference to social information processing theory. Data were collected from 442 white-collar employees of two government-owned companies located in a major city in Turkey. The results showed that both psychological safety and work engagement mediated the relationship between humble leadership and employee voice. This study determined that humble leadership had positive cognitive (psychological safety) and behavioral (work engagement and employee voice) outcomes during the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are also discussed.
Disseminating extra-role service behavior in the public sector: the effect of health-oriented leadership and work engagement
(Centre of Sociological Research, 2023) Kerse, Gökhan; Özdemir, Şefik; Soyalın, Mesut
This study focused on health-oriented leadership (HoL), attempting to determine whether this new type of leadership affects extra-role service behavior either directly or indirectly (through work engagement). Data were collected from public employees working in the service sector in a province in Turkey through the convenience sampling method. The study hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS software. The analysis findings have revealed that the perception of health-oriented leadership positively affects extra-role service behavior. Moreover, this effect was present not only directly, but also indirectly (through work engagement). The findings have also confirmed that health-oriented leadership is important in increasing public employees' engagement and extra-role service behaviors. Therefore, it was determined that health-oriented leadership brings positive outcomes in the public sector.
Hydrogeologic characteristics of groundwater in the Kızılırmak graben (Nevşehir–Turkey) and its evaluation in terms of irrigation water quality
(IWA Publishing, 2023) Demircioğlu, Ramazan; Dursun, Yusuf Gökhan; Demircioğlu, İlknur
In this study, an area of 150 km2 with important settlements and agricultural areas within the Kızılırmak and Kuyulukışla grabens, in the north of Nevşehir province (Turkey), was investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the hydrochemical properties and water quality of the vital groundwater in the study area, determine effective utilisation methods, and make recommendations for sustainable use. From the data obtained as a result of these analyses, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and sodium percentage (%Na) values were calculated and compared with WHO (World Health Organization) and TS-266 (Turkish Standards) quality standards to determine the characteristics of water for human consumption and irrigation for agricultural purposes. Based on these values, Wilcox diagrams and US Salinity Laboratory diagrams were used. According to these evaluations, it was found that sample SMP1 is not suitable for use as drinking water according to the basic parameters in the reference standards, while the other samples are suitable for drinking and human consumption. Electrical conductivity, %Na, SAR values, US Salinity Laboratory, and Wilcox diagrams were used to evaluate the use of water resources for irrigation purposes. According to the results obtained, all samples except sample SMP1 were found to be suitable for use as irrigation water.
Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyinin Kronik Hastalığa Uyum ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
(Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, 2023) Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter; Muz, Gamze
Bu çalışmada kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ile ilişkili faktörlerin ve bunların kronik hastalığa uyum üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel-ilişki arayıcı tipteki bu araştırma kronik hastalığı olan tüm bireylere açık olarak yapılmıştır. Veriler; Google Formlar aracılığıyla oluşturulan çevrimiçi anketler yolu ile 3 Şubat- 4 Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar araştırmaya sosyal medya platformlarından davet edilmiştir. Araştırmaya Türkçe okuyup yazabilen, 18 yaş ve üstü, en az bir kronik hastalığı olan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 171 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Veriler hasta bilgi formu, sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği ve kronik hastalıklara uyum ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların kronik hastalığa uyum puan ortalamalarının eğitim, meslek ve gelir durumu değişkenlerine, sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin ise yaş, medeni durum, eğitim, meslek ve gelir durumu değişkenlerine göre farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hastaların yaş, gelir durumu ve sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin kronik hastalığa uyumdaki varyansın %37,8’ini açıklamıştır. Çalışmada, sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yaş, medeni durum, meslek, eğitim ve gelir durumu gibi faktörle ilişkili olduğunu ve sağlık okuryazarlığının hastaların kronik hastalığa uyumunda önemli düzeyde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
A New Species of Oligoglena Horváth, 1912 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Mediterranean Region of Turkey
(Gazi Entomological Research Society, 2023) Mol, Abbas
Oligoglena sirintaylan sp. n. is defined from Saklikent in Mediterranean Turkey, which are part of the Taurus Mountains. Taurus Mountains are known for their high diversity and endemism rate of both plants and animals. The new species has a characteristic morphology and is distinguished from all other species of the genus Oligoglena Horvath also by its behavioural character. It prefers the subalpine zone and lives in gramineous vegetation.
Gülşehir-Özkonak-Hacıbektaş arası (Orta Anadolu-Nevşehir) kırşehir masifi ve örtü birimlerinin stratigrafisi
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2023) Demircioğlu, Ramazan
Bu çalışmada, inceleme alanının stratigrafisi ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma alanında temeli, Paleozoyik- Mesozoyik yaşlı Kırşehir Masifi’ne ait metamorfitler ile bunları kesen Geç Kretase yaşlı magmatikler oluşturur. Paleosen-Eosen yaşlı Ayhan grubu, masifin örtü kayaçlarının ilk topluluğudur. Ayhan grubu alttan üste doğru, 1- Paleosen yaşlı alüvyal yelpaze ve akarsu çökellerinden oluşmuş Saytepe formasyonu, 2-Sığ denizel (gölsel?) ortamı belirten, Üst Paleosen-Alt Eosen yaşlı Esefin formasyonu, 3-Sığ denizel-lagüner özellikli, Alt-Orta Eosen yaşlı Kubaca formasyonu, 4-Karasal-sığ denizel kırıntılı kayaçlardan oluşmuş Alt-Orta Eosen yaşlı İlicek formasyonu, 5- Açık denizel ortamı yansıtan, Alt-Orta Eosen yaşlı Alıçlı formasyonu, 6-Fliş karakterli kırıntılı kayaçlardan yapılı Orta Eosen yaşlı Lalelik formasyonu ve en üstte 7-Sığ denizel resifal ortam koşullarını yansıtan Lütesiyen yaşlı Altıpınar formasyonundan oluşmuştur. Bu grup, akarsu-göl ve bataklık ortamlarını yansıtan Oligosen?-Orta Miyosen yaşlı Kızılöz formasyonu tarafından açılı uyumsuz olarak örtülmektedir. Bu birimler, açılı uyumsuz olarak Yaylacık grubuna ait Geç Miyosen yaşlı gölsel, karasal ve volkanoklastikler tarafından örtülmektedir. Üst Miyosen- Pleyistosen yaşlı Avanos grubuna ait birimler, bütün birimleri uyumsuz olarak örtmektedir. Alanın en genç birimlerini ise Kuvaterner yaşlı yamaç molozu, alüvyon ve travertenler oluşturur.

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