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Physical properties of Mo2C monolayer by substitutional doping with Co/Cu atoms
(Springer Nature, 2025) Bölen, Emre; Deligöz, Engin; Özışık, H.
Monolayer Mo2C, a member of the MXene family, uniquely combines metallic and semiconducting properties, making it a promising candidate for various applications such as electronics, energy storage, thermoelectric, and spintronic. This study reported a comprehensive investigation of the structural, mechanical, dynamical, electronic, magnetic, and transport properties of pure and doped Mo2C monolayers using first-principles density functional theory. The transport properties are investigated in terms of transmission spectrum and pathways. The Mo2C shows dynamical and mechanical stability, auxetic behavior with negative Poisson's ratio, high isotropic mechanical stability and good electrical conductivity. Transition metal atoms, cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) doping, were used to optimize the properties of the material. Electronic band structure analysis confirms the metallic nature of both pure and doped Mo2C. The result of the present study provides insight into how to improve the electronic transport properties of pure and doped Mo2C, which is used in spintronic applications.
Evaluation of the effect of red cabbage waste on performance, egg quality, and yolk oxidative stability of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, Behlül; Sırakaya, Selim; İriş, Canan; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This study investigates the effects of red cabbage waste (RCW) as a dietary supplement on the performance, egg quality, and oxidative stability of yolk in laying Japanese quails. Given its rich phenolic content, RCW has been investigated as a natural feed additive to reduce food waste and enhance poultry diets. In a six-week trial, 120 quails were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates and fed diets with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% RCW. Performance parameters, internal and external egg quality, and antioxidant status were measured. RCW supplementation had no significant impact on overall quail performance. Quails fed with 0.5% RCW showed notable improvements in internal egg quality, especially in the albumen index, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness. Additionally, incorporating 0.5% RCW into the diet improved the yolk’s antioxidant activity, as evidenced by reduced MDA levels. However, other egg quality traits, including the antioxidant capacity of the yolk, had deteriorated with concentrations above 0.5%, indicating that a moderate inclusion of 0.5% RCW is the most favourable option. The findings underscore that RCW could be sustainably used to improve egg quality without compromising performance, while managing food waste, presenting a potential circular economy solution. Nevertheless, further research is encouraged to optimize RCW levels and fully understand its benefits in poultry feed.
Magnetite graphene oxide incorporated κ-carrageenan/alginate nanobiocomposite for photothermal therapy and multi-stimuli-responsive sunitinib release
(Editions de Sante, 2025) Sonkaya, Ömer; Güncüm, Enes; Işıklan, Nuran
Photothermal therapy is emerging as a promising approach for cancer treatment due to its minimally invasive nature, reduced systemic toxicity, and potential for targeted therapy. The practical implementation of photothermal therapy necessitates the development of efficient and multifunctional photothermal agents. The aim of this study was to develop magnetic nanobiocomposites with photothermal, pH- NIR-, and magnetic field-responsive properties. Magnetite graphene oxide (GO@Fe3O4) was prepared by depositing Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles onto graphene oxide (GO). The multifaceted nanobiocomposites were synthesized by combining GO@Fe3O4 with polymers of κ-carrageenan/alginate (CR/A) blend loaded with sunitinib (Su), an anticancer drug, using the emulsion method. These CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposites were characterized using different analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, TGA-DSC, VSM, and DLS. Under NIR (808 nm) irradiation, the CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposite showed a satisfactory photothermal effect (η = 19.26 %). In vitro release studies demonstrated controlled, pH-, NIR-, and AMF-responsive release of sunitinib in a range of 20 % and 100 %. The rate of drug release was higher in an intestinal condition (74.04 %) compared to that in an acidic condition (20.34 %) for CR/A@(GO@Fe3O4)3@Su nanobiocomposite. MTT assays revealed that the CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposite exhibited an improved effect when combined with photothermal therapy and chemotherapy at 0.03125 and 0.0625 mg/mL, resulting in excellent cytotoxicity (cell viability of 10.78 % and 10.57 %) towards cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that the formulated multi-responsive CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposites could be a promising candidate for photothermal therapy in cancer treatment.
Cl−, Na+ and Mg2+ Adsorption and Electronic Properties on 2-Octyl Acrylate and Isobornyl Acrylate Monomers: A Comprehensive DFT Study
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Bölen, Emre; Dolado, Jorge S.; Ayuela, Andrés
The design of advanced functional materials from polymers involving 2-octyl acrylate and isobornyl acrylate monomers is crucial for applications such as biofouling resistance, coatings, UV-curable films, and use in marine environments. In this study, we investigated the adsorption and electronic properties of 2-octyl acrylate and isobornyl acrylate monomers in the presence of Cl−, Na+, and Mg2+ ions using Density Functional Theory calculations. Adsorption energies, quantum descriptors, and electrostatic potential maps were analyzed to elucidate ion-specific interactions with these monomers. Our findings indicate that Mg2+ ions exhibit the strongest interactions due to their high charge density, followed by Na+ and Cl− ions, which show moderate and weak adsorption, respectively. Density of states analyses revealed that Mg2+ significantly lowers HOMO and LUMO levels, narrowing the gap and stabilizing the system, while Cl− ions result in a smaller gap and weaker interactions. Electrostatic potential maps further confirmed these trends, correlating ion adsorption sites with molecular charge distributions. This study highlights the critical role of ion adsorption and its associated electronic properties and paves the way for future advancements in optimizing 2-octyl acrylate and isobornyl acrylate-based materials for applications such as coatings and use in marine environments.
Does major depressive disorder affect the perception of financial threat and willingness to change financial behavior
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Hamurcu, Çağrı; Hamurcu, H. Dilek; Uğur, Oğuzhan; Çayköylü, Ali
This study aimed to compare individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) with a healthy control group in terms of perceived financial threat and willingness to change financial behavior. It also examined whether the severity of depression in people with MDD affects perceived financial threat and willingness to change financial behavior, and how financial threat affects the willingness to change financial behavior. The study included 266 patients diagnosed with MDD and 266 healthy volunteers. The financial threat scale, the willingness to change financial behavior scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory are used. Results showed that individuals with MDD experience a higher perception of financial threat and a lower willingness to change financial behavior compared to healthy individuals. The severity of depression in individuals with MDD positively affects the perception of financial threat. However, this severity does not directly affect willingness to change financial behavior; instead, it creates an indirect effect through perceived financial threat. Moreover, perceived financial threat in MDD patients positively influences their willingness to change financial behavior. This study can make significant contributions to both behavioral finance and psychiatry literature in terms of revealing the effects of mental health on perceptions and behaviors regarding financial issues. The research offers new perspectives to develop practical implications on how mental health problems can be evaluated together with financial decision-making processes, how multifaceted evaluations can be conducted regarding the financial behavior of people with depression, and how predictions can be made by looking at both individuals and financial markets from these aspects.
Evaluation of Psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) Husk Powder as a Stabilizer in Coconut Milk-Based Probiotic Yogurt Production
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Gülhan, Ayca; Çoklar, Hacer; Akbulut, Mehmet
Plantago ovata L., also known as psyllium, is a plant native to the Mediterranean that is commercially cultivated and utilized for its polysaccharides, which have an arabinoxylan structure. Psyllium seeds possess various functional characteristics due to strong hydrophilic and gelling properties, as well as stabilizing and emulsifying capabilities. This study evaluated the use of psyllium (P. ovata L.) husk powder (PHP) as a stabilizer in the production of probiotic plant-based yogurt from coconut milk. The physicochemical, microbiological, textural, rheological, microstructural, and sensory properties of yogurt samples produced by adding different amounts of PHP (control, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) during the storage period were analyzed. The produced plant-based yogurts contained 72.80%–76.03% moisture, 18.30%–18.89% fat, 1.81%–2.03% protein, and 0.41%–0.44% ash. As the proportion of PHP and storage time increased, pH, and syneresis generally decreased and titratable acidity increased. The sample containing 0.5% PHP exhibited the highest microbiological counts. The addition of PHP to samples decreased L*, b*, C*, and h values and increased a* values. As the proportion of PHP increased, a significant increase in particle size parameters was detected. A more stable, homogeneous, and dense gel structure appeared in products with 0.25% PHP addition. The addition of PHP decreased hardness and adhesiveness while increasing cohesiveness. All samples exhibited a weak viscoelastic gel property (G′>G″). As the proportion of added PHP increased, the storage modulus decreased. Samples containing 0.25% PHP were rated higher in terms of sensory attributes, including taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses were employed to categorize the yogurts, revealing that the control sample exhibited distinct characteristics compared to the psyllium-added yogurts in terms of the aforementioned properties. The results show that, when added in the right amounts, PHP can stabilize the production of probiotic yogurt-like products from coconut milk.
Exploring Genetic Factors Associated with Moniezia spp. Tapeworm Resistance in Central Anatolian Merino Sheep via GWAS Approach
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Arzık, Yunus; Kızılaslan, Mehmet; Behrem, Sedat; Piel, Lindsay M. W.; White, Stephen N.; Çınar, Mehmet Ulaş
Gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) infections are a major challenge in pasture-based sheep farming, leading to both economic losses and animal welfare concerns. This study aimed to identify genetic factors that contribute to resistance against tapeworm (Moniezia spp.) infections in Central Anatolian Merino (CAM) sheep. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 226 CAM lambs, analyzing their genetic data in relation to Moniezia spp. egg burden. Thirteen significant genetic markers (SNPs) were identified. Two key immune-related genes, CD79A and MAP3K7, were linked to parasite resistance. CD79A is essential for B-cell activation and antibody production, while MAP3K7 regulates immune responses, particularly through NF-κB signaling. These findings highlight the potential for using genetic information to improve disease resistance in livestock breeding programs. Further research is needed to understand the role of these genes and to explore host–parasite interactions in more detail.
Pd nanocatalyst supported on chitosan–waste oil microspheres for efficient degradation of industrial pollutants in water
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Karaoğlu, Kaan; Yılmaz Baran, Nuray; Özçifçi, Zehra; Akçay, Hakkı Türker; Baran, Talat
Disposal of industrial pollutants is one of the most important working topics today. Pd–doped catalysts have high efficiency in the degradation of many organic pollutants. Within the scope of this study, waste engine oil (WEO) was used as activated carbon (AC) source and then AC was encapsulated with chitosan (CS) to prepared chitosan–based microbeads (CS/WEO AC) for catalyst support. After treatment with glyoxal as cross–linker, Pd nanoparticles with spherical shape and 16.8 nm diameter were decorated on the microbeads (Pd@CS/WEO AC). Efficiency of Pd@CS/WEO AC on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4-NPDA), 2-nitroaniline (2-NA), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) as nitroarens; methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB) as organic dyes; Cr(VI) and K3[Fe(CN)6] was examined in aqueous media. Developed Pd@CS/WEO AC nanocatalyst reduced nitroarenes, organic dyes, Cr(VI) and K3[Fe(CN)6] in very short times (0–130 s). Based on kinetic studies, the rate constants for Pd@CS/WEO AC–catalyzed reduction reactions of 2–NA, 4–NP, 4–NA, 4–NPDA, MO, RhB, [Fe(CN)6]3⁻, and Cr(VI) were found to be 0.018 s−1, 0.007 s−1, 0.026 s−1, 0.012 s−1, 0.021 s−1, 0.065 s−1, 0.048 s−1, and 0.042 s−1, respectively. Additionally, it was confirmed that Pd@CS/WEO AC is a long–lasting catalyst, as it was reused for five successive runs in the reduction of 4–NP. In this study, we aim to design new materials by modifying carbon–containing waste sources with biological macromolecules and investigate the possible applications of these materials to remove some pollutants from water sources.
Alleviating doxorubicin-induced reproductive toxicity: protective and androgenic effects of drone larvae on sperm morphology and hormonal balance
(Springer, 2025) Ağan, Kağan; Kaya, Salih Tunç; Ağan, Aydan Fülden; Yoldaş, Taner; İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Çaprazlı, Tuğçe; Arıca, Elif; Kekeçoğlu, Meral
Male infertility and compromised sperm quality are common side effects of Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapy drug. Its detrimental impact on male reproductive cells underscores the urgent need for effective protective measures. Lyophilized drone larvae (DL) from apitherapy have emerged as a potential solution due to their reported protective properties. By exploring DL’s therapeutic potential, this research seeks to address the pressing need for strategies to protect male reproductive health during cancer treatment. The study aims to evaluate the protective effects of lyophilized DL from apitherapy against DOX-induced testicular damage in adult Sprague–Dawley rats. DOX negatively impacts male reproductive cells, leading to infertility and compromised sperm quality. Investigating DL’s protective properties is crucial for understanding its therapeutic potential in mitigating such adverse effects. Forty rats were divided into four groups: control, DOX-treated, DL-treated, and DOX + DL-treated. Histopathological assessments, biochemical analyses (TAS, TOS, CAT, SOD, GPX), inflammatory marker measurements (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and comet assays for DNA damage were conducted on testicular tissue and blood samples. DOX induced histopathological alterations in the testis and epididymis, which DL mitigated. DL increased TAS levels, counteracted DOX-induced decreases in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total protein, albumin, and increases in total cholesterol. DL also mitigated the rise in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels caused by DOX, while increasing testosterone levels and lowering Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels. Inflammatory markers remained unaffected. Tail moment measurements indicated a protective effect against DOX-induced DNA damage in erythrocytes with DL. DL protected sperm morphology, count, and Johnsen’s score from DOX-induced reductions, suggesting its potential in mitigating cancer treatment side effects on male reproductive health. The findings suggest that DL, as an apitherapy product, holds significant promise in mitigating DOX’s adverse effects on male reproductive systems. However, further investigations into its mechanisms and clinical applications in cancer therapy are warranted, emphasizing the need for continued research to fully understand DL’s therapeutic benefits.
Academicians' Metaphorical Perceptions of Older Adult Sexuality: An Example of Metaphor Analysis
(Springer, 2025) Yüksel, Arzu; Kütmeç Yılmaz, Cemile
Sexuality is one of the most natural aspects of life that continues throughout life and is within the scope of basic human needs. Sexual life can be affected by many factors such as individual characteristics, diseases, society's values, attitudes, and cultural and religious characteristics. The objective of this research is to identify the metaphorical perceptions of older adults' sexuality held by academics, employing a phenomenological methodology. This study was conducted with the participation of 164 academicians. The research data were collected between March–April 2022. The evaluation of the metaphors created about the concept of older adults' sexuality employed content analysis techniques. The metaphors pertaining to the perceptions of academics regarding the sexuality of older adults were classified into four categories and 11 sub-themes: "Perceptions that sexuality as natural," "Diminishing sexuality," "Sexuality as love, affection and friendship," and "Sexuality as hidden and stigmatized." The majority of the metaphors created by the academic researchers were found to contain negative themes related to the sexuality of older adults. It can be suggested to organize seminars to increase the awareness of academicians on sexuality, older adults' sexuality, and sexual health.
Unveiling the Pre-Weaning Growth Performance and Some Reproductive Characteristics of Akkaraman and Central Anatolian Merino Sheep
(Unveiling the Pre-Weaning Growth Performance and Some Reproductive Characteristics of Akkaraman and Central Anatolian Merino Sheep, 2025) Behrem, Sedat
This study evaluated growth and reproductive traits in two sheep breeds in Türkiye, Akkaraman (AKK) and Central Anatolian Merino (CAM), with a focus on the impact of non-genetic factors. Data were analysed from 21,414 AKK and 20,099 CAM lambs for birth weight (BW) and 27,528 AKK and 24,639 CAM lambs for weaning weight (WW), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and Kleiber ratio (KR) using a linear mixed model. AKK lambs showed a significantly higher mean BW (4.19 ± 0.01 kg) than CAM lambs (4.02 ± 0.01 kg) (p < 0.001), whereas CAM lambs had significantly higher WW, ADWG and KR (p < 0.001 for each trait). Fixed effects of sex, birth type, dam age, birth year, herd size and season significantly influenced all growth traits (p < 0.05). Male lambs demonstrated higher BW, WW, ADWG and KR than females (p < 0.001), and single-born lambs had significantly higher BW and WW than twins (p < 0.001). Dam age also influenced all growth traits, with lambs from younger dams tending to be heavier (p < 0.001). In terms of survival, AKK lambs exhibited a significantly higher survival rate (93.85%) than CAM lambs (89.50%) (p < 0.001). Conception rates were similar for both breeds (92.9% for AKK and 92.3% for CAM), whereas CAM lambs showed higher fecundity and litter size. These findings underscore the breed differences in growth and reproductive traits and highlight the importance of considering non-genetic factors to inform breed-specific management practices aimed at optimizing productivity.
Seismic Hazard Evaluation and Strain Dynamics in the Simav Fault Zone: A Comprehensive Analysis of Earthquake Recurrence and Energy Release Patterns
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Solak, Halil İbrahim; Gezgin, Cemil
This study aims to determine the earthquake hazard of the Simav Fault Zone (SFZ), one of the key tectonic features of Western Anatolia—a region that serves as a natural laboratory for geoscientists due to its complex tectonic structure and swarm-type seismic activity generated by multiple active graben systems. For this purpose, the a (6.33) and b (0.92) seismic parameters based on the Gutenberg–Richter magnitude–frequency relationship were first calculated using M ≥ 3 earthquakes that occurred between 1900 and 2024 along the SFZ. Moreover, the recurrence periods of events with magnitudes between M = 5 and M = 7.1 were determined (ranging 32 and 982 years), and the seismic hazard levels in the region were identified. The spatial density of the earthquakes and the regional distribution of the energy they released were analyzed, and the variations in seismic activity along the fault and energy flow in the region were investigated. For the evaluation of past earthquakes with the current strain field of the region, using geodetic velocity data, the strain rates of each segment of SFZ were calculated (reaching 90 ns/year) and findings related to stress accumulation processes were obtained. The findings, along with previous events, indicate that the region is susceptible to seismic hazards and that even moderate earthquakes pose a significant threat to both infrastructure and the population. This study, which seeks to enhance the understanding of seismic hazards and regional strain accumulation in the SFZ, is expected to serve as a valuable tool in seismic hazard assessments and local disaster management strategies, and to provide a critical reference for decision-makers in effective earthquake risk management.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Royal Jelly Against Vincristine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: A Biochemical and Molecular Study
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Erzincan, Rahime; Çağlayan, Cüneyt; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet; İzol, Ebubekir; Gür, Cihan; İleritürk, Mustafa
Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic agent classified as a vinca alkaloid. Royal jelly (RJ) is a significant bee product produced by worker bees, characterized by its high protein content. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of RJ against VCR-induced liver damage. VCR was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and RJ was orally administered at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w. Both treatments were applied to the rats on days 1–6 and 9–14. The composition of RJ was analyzed using LC-MS/MS, revealing the presence of 15 different phytochemical compounds with strong antioxidant properties. Serum samples obtained from the rats were analyzed for ALT, ALP, and AST levels. While these enzyme levels were significantly elevated in the VCR group, a notable reduction was observed following RJ administration. Additionally, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH antioxidant parameters, along with MDA levels, were evaluated in liver tissue samples. The results indicated a decrease in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH activities/levels and an increase in MDA levels in the VCR group. Furthermore, ELISA was used to assess JAK2, STAT3, and mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. VCR administration led to a decrease in mTOR/PI3K/AKT levels and an increase in JAK2 and STAT3 levels. In addition, the mRNA transcription levels of inflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (IRE-1, GRP78, PERK, and ATF-6), and autophagy markers (LC3A and LC3B) were examined. A significant increase in inflammation, ER stress, and autophagy-related markers was observed in the VCR-treated group. Lastly, the protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and NF-κB were evaluated. VCR treatment increased Bax, Caspase 3, and NF-κB levels, whereas Bcl-2 levels were decreased. However, following RJ administration, all these parameters were reversed, demonstrating significant improvements. In conclusion, these findings suggest that RJ may exert a protective effect against VCR-induced liver damage.
Determination by Immunohistochemistry of Acute Phase Proteins in Naturally Infected Sheep with Listeriosis
(Sciendo, 2025) Karataş, Özhan; Akçakavak, Gökhan
Listeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease affecting domestic mammals, poultry, and humans worldwide. The effectiveness of local tissue expression of acute phase proteins in listeriosis in domestic mammals is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the local expression of acute phase proteins in 26 brainstem tissue samples according to the distribution and severity of inflammation due to natural Listeriosis disease in sheep. The study material consisted of 26 brainstem paraffin blocks, including 20 from listeriosis-infected cases and 6 from healthy controls. Sections obtained from the paraffin blocks were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histopathological examination revealed normal histological structures in the brainstems of the control group. In contrast, brainstem sections from listeriosis cases exhibited histopathological findings such as micro abscesses composed of neutrophil granulocytes and microglial cells, gliosis, meningitis, congestion, perivascular cuffs, neuronal degeneration, and neuronophagia. Based on the distribution and severity of inflammation, listeriosis cases were categorized into three groups: 5 mild cases (Group I), 8 moderate cases (Group II), and 7 severe cases (Group III). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly increased expression levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Haptoglobin (Hp), and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in listeriosis groups compared to the control group, with the highest statistical scores observed in Group II and Group III (p<0.001). The findings of this study suggest that acute-phase proteins may play crucial roles in the pathophysiological processes of naturally infected listeriosis and could express locally. Particularly, the increased expression of these proteins with the progression of inflammation may provide valuable insights into disease severity and the infection process.
Therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid in tramadol-induced hepatorenal toxicity: Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE/NLRP3, ER stress, apoptosis, and tissue functions parameters
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Karaca, Onur; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; İleritürk, Mustafa; Küçükler, Sefa; Gencer, Selman; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet
Tramadol (TRM), a widely used opioid analgesic for moderate to severe pain, is associated with liver and kidney toxicity at high doses or prolonged use. This study investigates the protective role of rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic compound known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell-protective properties, against TRM-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, TRM, RA, TRM + RA25, and TRM + RA50. Rats received TRM (50 mg/kg) and RA (25 or 50 mg/kg), with liver and kidney function tests, oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, apoptosis, and tissue damage indicators assessed through qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, H&E, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: TRM induced liver and kidney dysfunctions, evident from increased ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, nephrin, TIM-1 and 8-OHdG levels, along with activated oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis pathways. RA significantly reduced these effects, ameliorating histologic and immunohistochemical markers of tissue damage and inflammation. Conclusion: RA demonstrates therapeutic potential by mitigating TRM-induced hepatorenal toxicity and preserving tissue integrity.
Evaluating AI-based breastfeeding chatbots: quality, readability, and reliability analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2025) Özdemir Kaçer, Emine
Background In recent years, expectant and breastfeeding mothers commonly use various breastfeeding-related social media applications and websites to seek breastfeeding-related information. At the same time, AI-based chatbots-such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot-have become increasingly prevalent on these platforms (or on dedicated websites), providing automated, user-oriented breastfeeding guidance. Aim The goal of our study is to understand the relative performance of three AI-based chatbots: ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, by evaluating the quality, reliability, readability, and similarity of the breastfeeding information they provide. Methods Two researchers evaluated the information provided by three different AI-based breastfeeding chatbots: ChatGPT version 3.5, Gemini, and Copilot. A total of 50 frequently asked questions about breastfeeding were identified and used in the study, divided into two categories (Baby-Centered Questions and Mother-Centered Questions), and evaluated using five scoring criteria, including the Quality Information Provision for Patients (EQIP) scale, the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scale, the Similarity Index (SI), the Modified Dependability Scoring System (mDISCERN), and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). Results The evaluation of AI chatbots’ answers showed statistically significant differences across all criteria (p < 0.05). Copilot scored highest on the EQIP, SMOG, and SI scales, while Gemini excelled in mDISCERN and GQS evaluations. No significant difference was found between Copilot and Gemini for mDISCERN and GQS scores. All three chatbots demonstrated high reliability and quality, though their readability required university-level education. Notably, ChatGPT displayed high originality, while Copilot exhibited the greatest similarity in responses. Conclusion AI chatbots provide reliable answers to breastfeeding questions, but the information can be hard to understand. While more reliable than other online sources, their accuracy and usability are still in question. Further research is necessary to facilitate the integration of advanced AI in healthcare.
Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment
(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2025) Çakmak, Fatma; Küçükler, Sefa; Gür, Cihan; İleritürk, Mustafa; Gül, Murat; Varışlı, Behçet
The present study investigated whether morin has a protective effect against ACRinduced cardiac toxicity. Materials and Methods: In this study, oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and apoptosis markers in heart tissues were analyzed by different methods after ACR (38.27 mg/kg) and morin (50 or 100 mg/kg) oral administration for ten days to Sprague Dawley rats. Results: The data obtained showed that ACR induced lipid peroxidation by decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities, glutathione (GSH) levels and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) gene expressions. On the other hand, these markers approached the control group levels after morin treatment. Moreover, morin suppressed ACR-induced inflammatory genes. Morin down-regulated the related genes by reducing the ERS, exacerbated after ACR administration. In addition, it was observed that B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, and apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (apaf-1) expressions, elevated by ACR in the heart tissue, were suppressed after morin administration. Moreover, Bcl-2 expression was triggered by morin treatment. Thus, morin suppressed ACR-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Taken together, morin may protect against ACR-induced cardiac injury by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, ERS, and apoptosis.
A comprehensive mathematical modeling study for temperature evolution during radio frequency assisted honey decrystallization
(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2025) Karataş, Ozan; Uyar, Rahmi; Son, Ezgi; Coşkun, Eda; Mert, Behiç; Marra, Francesco; Erdoğdu, Ferruh
In industrial settings, honey decrystallization is conducted by conventional thermal processing with hot water (12–18 h) or air (24–36 h) at around 60 °C. Considering the demands for a green and sustainable efficient process, a novel approach is needed. Radio frequency (RF) heating is a dielectric process where volumetric heat generation within the sample is expected. Designing such a process requires the knowledge of temperature evolution within the product. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model to determine the temperature evolution of crystallized honey during RF processing and compare the results with conventional approach to demonstrate the efficiency. For this purpose, a computational model was developed to determine the temperature evolution in a crystallized honey during RF and conventional hot water processing. Natural convection effects were also included within the model to see whether there will be any improving effect despite the higher viscosity. Decrystallization kinetics was also coupled with temperature evolution to observe the process efficiency. The results indicated the efficiency of RF heating as an innovative processing approach for decrystallization while the natural convection effects were not significant.
Connections between gold, main agricultural commodities, and Turkish stock markets
(Borsa Istanbul Anonim Sirketi, 2025) Kazak, Hasan; Mensi, Walid; Gündüz, Mehmet Akif; Kılıçarslan, Abdullah; Akcan, Ahmet Tayfur
This study investigates the relationship between gold prices, agricultural commodity prices (rice, flour, bean, chickpea, lentil, and sugar), and Turkish stock markets. Using the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality test and wavelet coherency approach, we find that gold prices significantly influence agricultural commodity prices, emphasizing gold's pivotal role in agricultural market dynamics. Portfolio diversification incorporating gold and agricultural commodities mitigates risks, enhancing portfolio resilience. The BIST100 index and agricultural spot commodity prices exhibit differential impacts depending on specific products. Wavelet coherence analysis reveals time-varying dependencies, suggesting investors leverage their investments in BIST100 and gold for diversification with agricultural commodities. Our findings present agricultural commodities as alternative investment instruments, subject to favorable market conditions. The portfolio analysis uncovers nuanced relationships between commodities and indices, guiding investors in diversification and real asset investments. This research contributes novel perspectives, emphasizing the viability of agricultural commodities in diversified portfolios.
A Decision Framework for Supplier Selection in Digital Supply Chains of E-Commerce Platforms Using Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy VIKOR Methodology
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Baki, Rahmi; Ecer, Billur; Aktas, Ahmet
Digital supply chains (DSCs) are value-driven and collaborative digital systems designed to generate business value for firms through various innovative technologies. Today, we are witnessing companies transitioning from traditional supply chain models to DSCs through digital technologies. The effective selection of digital suppliers during these digital transformation processes is a strategic research topic. Additionally, factors such as the proliferation of information and communication technologies, globalization, and the pandemic have contributed to the expansion of e-commerce platforms. In this rapid growth phase, identifying the right supplier is crucial for the success of e-commerce sites. This study aims to develop an innovative, integrated, and comprehensive decision-making methodology to assist e-commerce platforms in selecting appropriate suppliers for their DSCs. To achieve this, an extended fuzzy VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method is tested, where criteria and alternative evaluations made by decision-makers (DMs) are characterized by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs). The proposed decision mechanism is tested on the DSS problem of an e-commerce platform specializing in household products. Findings of the application, which uses three experts’ opinion to evaluate four digital suppliers based on the seven criteria, are discussed to help e-commerce sites conduct the DSS process more effectively.

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