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Öğe Morin Attenuates Diclofenac-Induced Hepatocellular Death Injury via Nrf2/Ho-1/NQO1, Beclin-1/LC3A/LC3B and p53/Bax/Caspase Signalling Pathways(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Gür, Cihan; Küçükler, Sefa; İleritürk, Mustafa; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetDiclofenac (DF), a nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drug, has limited use due to its adverse effects on the liver. On the other hand, morin, a bioflavonoid, has biological and pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate whether morin may protect against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity. For this purpose, morin (50 or 100 mg/kg) treatment was given orally to the rats for 5 days, and DF (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the 4th and 5th days of the study. Molecular, biochemical, immunohistochemical and histological methods were used to investigate cyclooxygenase enzymes, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in liver tissue. According to the data obtained, it was observed that DF caused oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis damage in liver tissues. Morin showed antioxidant properties, causing a decrease in MDA in hepatic tissue, an increase in the activities of endogenous antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH, HO-1, Nrf2 and NQO1 mRNA levels. Moreover, morin reversed the changes in the levels of apoptotic and autophagic parameters such as bax, bcl-2, cytochrome c, p53, Apaf-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B, MAPK14, MAP15, JNK. When the histopathological analysis results were examined, degenerative changes occurred in the livers of rats administered DF, while morin administration showed a morphological structure close to the control group. As a result, it was determined that oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis caused by DF were suppressed by morin, thus protecting the liver tissue from damage.Öğe Assessment of the Impact of Fruit Vinegars on the Tenderness and Quality Attributes of Spent Hen Meat(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Erdem, NuranThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of marinades formulated with fruit vinegars (grapefruit, jujube, pineapple, strawberry) on the physicochemical, structural (Texture Profile Analysis-TPA, Warner–Bratzler shear force-WBSF, shear energy-WBSE, Scanning Electron Microscope-SEM), microbiological (total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, yeast, and mold), and sensory characteristics (odor, color, flavor, texture, overall acceptance) of sample from 83-week-old spent laying hens, which are typically known for their tough texture. The samples were manually mixed to evenly distribute the solid components within the marinades, then refrigerated at 4°C for 24 h. Following marination, they were cooked in a convection oven at 160°C for 30 min. The addition of vinegar contributed to lower pH levels and reduced cooking loss in the meat. The highest moisture content and water-holding capacity were observed in the Cp group. Marination with vinegar caused a significant reduction in L* values, while it resulted in an increase in a* values. SEM images revealed that marination with vinegar led to extensive degradation of connective tissues. Meat marinated with pineapple and strawberry vinegar showed significantly lower hardness, WBSF, and WBSE (p < 0.05). These results were further supported by sensory analysis, as texture scores aligned with the TPA and SEM findings. Marination with vinegars caused a significant reduction in microbial counts. The findings indicate that among the vinegars studied, pineapple and strawberry vinegar emerge as effective natural tenderizing agents, enhancing the textural properties of tough meats while potentially improving other quality attributes.Öğe Comparison of total IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to a novel trivalent recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine containing serotype 6(Academic Press, 2025) Balevi, Aslı; İlban, Ayşegül; Uslu, Ali; Toslak, Emine Eda; Sayın, Zafer; Sanioğlu Gölen, GökçenurMannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) causes significant losses in livestock, but cross-protection between serotypes is limited. Current commercial vaccines primarily target serotypes 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) despite the increasing incidence of serotype 6 (S6) infections. While leukotoxin (LKT) is a common vaccine target, serotype-1 specific antigen (SSA-1) is often overlooked. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers, crucial for evaluating vaccine efficacy, are not routinely measured. This study aimed to develop a trivalent vaccine targeting S1, S2, and S6 using recombinant LKT (rLKT) and rSSA-1, and to evaluate total IgG and nAbs responses following vaccination in the murine model. Three M. haemolytica strains (S1, S2, and S6) with diverse phenotypic characteristics were selected. A host specificity protein J (250 kDa) was identified in the S6 strain grown in Todd-Hewitt broth. This protein caused widespread bleeding in experimental mouse groups, raising considerations for its inclusion in future vaccine formulations. A trivalent vaccine was prepared by different serotypes (S1, S2, and S6), rLKT, rSSA-1, and Montanide™ ISA 206 VG adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated twice at 21-day intervals. Total IgG and nAb titers were measured using in-house ELISAs and Vero cell neutralization assays, respectively. Total IgG revealed the highest antibody responses against S2 pellet and S6 supernatant antigens. The result of nAb titers in the vaccinated mice; was 1/80 (log101.9) against three pellets (S1, S2, and S6), and supernatant protein (S6) in contrast to 1/40 (log101.6) against other supernatant proteins (S1, S2). The vaccine demonstrated an odds ratio of 0.97. Although total IgG titers against S1 were lower compared to other serotypes, nAb increases were similar across all serotypes, highlighting the importance of measuring nAb titers in addition to total IgG for a comprehensive vaccine evaluation. Challenge studies further corroborated the stimulation of nAbs. The trivalent vaccine effectively stimulated both total IgG and nAb responses against all three serotypes in mice, suggesting its potential for broad protection against M. haemolytica.Öğe The Effect of Foot Self-Massage on Peripheral Neuropathic Pain, Peripheral Skin Temperature and Patient Comfort in Individuals with Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial(University of Puerto Rico, 2025) Sayın Kasar, Kadriye; Duru Aşiret, GülerThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foot self-massage on peripheral neuropathic pain, peripheral skin temperature and patient comfort in individuals with diabetes. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 52 individuals with type 2 diabetes (26 self foot massage group and 26 control group) between August 2021 and July 2022. Individuals in the foot self-massage group performed a foot massage for 30 minutes (15 minutes for each foot) three times a week for four weeks after training. Data were collected using an Individual Description Form, a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the DN4 Pain Questionnaire and the General Comfort Scale-Short Form and peripheral skin temperature was measured. The data were evaluated using the Independent Sample-t test, Paired Sample-t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test. Continuity correction and Pearson-χ2 (chi-square) tests were used to compare categorical variables. Results: In this study, it was found that foot self-massage did not affect the peripheral neuropathic pain level of the patients, but the mean pain (VAS) scores of the patients in the foot massage group significantly decreased compared to the patients in the control groups. In addition, it was found that foot self-massage did not affect patients’ peripheral skin temperature and patient comfort. Conclusion: It is recommended that foot massage, which can be applied by itself without time and place restrictions, be learned by patients and supported by health professionals because it is easy to apply, practical and economical.Öğe Fractional integral inequalities for s-convex functions in the first sense(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Tınaztepe, Gültekin; Yeşilce Işık, İlknurCertain fractional integral inequalities via general fractional integral operator are presented for s-convex functions in the first sense. Also, they are restated in terms of the Riemann-Liouville and Hadamard fractional integrals and illustrated.Öğe C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and systemic immune-inflammatory index as potential markers in distinguishing acute cerebellar infarction from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, 2025) Şahin, Oruç; Güneş, Muzaffer; Dönmez, RecepTo investigate the potential utility of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) as a biomarker in distinguishing between BPPV and acute cerebellar infarction (ACI) due to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involvement. METHODS: The data of 2545 patients registered in our hospital database between 2017 and 2024 with a diagnosis of vertigo were retrospectively analyzed and 102 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and 100 patients with ACI were included in the study. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test were used to compare variables between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to investigate the predictive value of the data. RESULTS: The CAR and SII values were significantly higher in the ACI group compared to the BPPV group (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were as follows: CAR=0.768 (95% CI, 0.705-0.832), white blood cell count (WBC)=0.735 (95% CI, 0.667-0.802), monocytes=0.622 (95% CI, 0.544-0.699), red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD)=0.600 (95% CI, 0.522-0.678), SII=0.674 (95% CI, 0.599-0.748), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)=0.687 (95% CI, 0.613-0.761). CONCLUSION: CAR and SII could be useful biomarkers to differentiate between ACI and BPPV in vertigo patients, but further validation is needed in larger studies.Öğe Efficiency Assessment of Healthcare Resources: An In-Depth Exploration Using SFA, DEA, and Capacity Utilization Indicators(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Yetim, Birol; İlgün, Gülnur; Konca, Murat; Şahin, BayramThe demand for health care has increased. This demand causes an increase in the resources allocated and pressures on health managers and policymakers. Thus, it is important to evaluate the efficiency. It aimed to investigate the efficiency of the hospitals operating in Turkey. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Data Envelopment Analysis (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes Model [CCR] and Banker, Charnes and Cooper Model [BCC]), and capacity utilization indicators (bed occupancy ratio [BOR], bed turnover rate [BTR], and average length of stay [LoS]) were used. Thirty-nine of the 96 hospitals were found to be efficient according to BCC. It found that there was a strong correlation between the CCR model and SFA. It was moderate between BCC and SFA. Also, it was seen that there were significant differences between the SFA and BTR averages of the hospitals that were found to be efficient and inefficient. However, there were no significant differences between the averages of BOR and LoS. It is thought that the results obtained from different methods will help decision makers to better understand and monitor the performance of hospitals.Öğe Effectiveness of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell medium on burn wound healing: Focus on apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2025) Çelik Kenar, Zeynep; Tuzcu, Mehmet; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Majidov, Nijat; Öner, Muhammed; Tural Çifçi, Ayşenur; Şahin, RabiaThe aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment efficacy of Platelet–Rich Plasma (PRP), silver sulfadiazine, and Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Conditioned Medium (WJ–MSC– CM) on burn wounds using a rat model. The study included four groups, each with 16 rats, and the groups were further divided into two subgroups (n=8) for the 7th and 14th days of the treatment process. Group 1 received no treatment after the burn. Group 2 received PRP (Platelet–Rich Plasma) treatment on the first day after the burn. Group 3 was treated with silver sulfadiazine on the first day after the burn. Group 4 received WJ–MSC–CM on the first day after the burn. In the current study, the expression of Caspase–3, Bcl–2, TNF–α, p21, and Beclin–1 genes among the groups was evaluated by Real–time PCR. The silver sulfadiazine and WJ–MSC–CM treatment groups exhibited lower Bcl–2 expression and higher Caspase–3 and Beclin–1 expression compared to the other groups. TNF–α and p21 expression was high in the burn control group and showed lower expression in the treated groups. The current findings demonstrate that WJ–MSC–CM exhibits healing efficacy on burn wounds comparable to the reference drug (silver sulfadiazine) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and reducing necroptosis and DNA damage. Additionally, PRP provided some positive benefits compared to the control group but was less effective than the other treatments.Öğe Enhancing Beef Meat Emulsion: The Role of Banana Peel Albedo Powder(Polish Academy Sciences. Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, 2025) Ünal, Kübra; Dilek, Nazik M.; Alp, Halime; Erdem, Nuran; Babaoğlu, Ali S.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of banana peel albedo powder (BPAP) on the physicochemical and microstructural properties of beef meat emulsions. The emulsions were formulated with BPAP added at levels of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% of the weight of the raw beef used. Due to the formulation process, the final BPAP contents in the emulsions were 0%, 0.013%, 0.025%, and 0.038% (w/v), respectively. BPAP, 100 g, was found to contain 25.19 g insoluble and 6.20 g soluble dietary fiber. Among the minerals analyzed, calcium and zinc showed the highest content in BPAP. Incorporation of BPAP at a level of 1.5% of raw beef (w/w) to the emulsion resulted in the higher water holding capacity and the lowest cooking loss compared to control. Furthermore, the addition of BPAP up to a 1.0% of raw beef (w/w) level enhanced the emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, and apparent viscosity of the samples. Confocal laser scanning microscopy micrographs revealed that the emulsions containing BPAP at 0.5% and 1% of raw beef (w/w) exhibited a more stable and homogeneous microstructure. These findings suggest that BPAP, particularly at 1.0% of raw beef (w/w) level (0.025% in emulsion, w/v), can be effectively utilized as a natural functional ingredient to improve the quality of meat emulsions in food formulations.Öğe Comprehensive assessment of phytochemical profile and biological activity of local endemic species Kalidium wagenitzii extracts(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Şen, İsmail; Zengin, Gökhan; Çakmak, Yavuz SelimPlant bioactive compounds are promising natural alternatives to synthetic drugs due to their important biological activities. These phytochemicals are involved in plant metabolism and serve as adaptive responses to environmental changes. Especially, plants that grow under extreme environmental conditions often have unique phytochemical profiles and strong biological effects. This study focused on the biological activities of different extracts from Kalidium wagenitzii, a rare species of the Amaranthaceae family endemic to the Salt Lake basin in Aksaray, Turkey. Due to its limited habitat, the plant is thought to possess a distinctive phytochemical composition. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, PBD, and MCA assays, along with total phenolic and flavonoid content analysis. Enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated for cholinesterases, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase. Aqueous extract showed strong acetylcholinesterase (0.31 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (29.82 ± 0.92 mg KAE/g) inhibition. Methanolic extract was most effective against butyrylcholinesterase (1.93 ± 0.16 mg GALAE/g), while ethyl acetate extract had the highest α-amylase (308.51 ± 0.58 mg ACAE/g) and α-glucosidase (498.30 ± 3.07 mg ACAE/g) inhibition. HPLC analysis revealed epicatechin in ethyl acetate, catechin in methanol, and both in aqueous extract. These results suggest that K. wagenitzii has strong therapeutic potential, especially in managing diabetes.Öğe Enhancing heat transfer performance in elliptical tubes with nano fluids: A numerical case study(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Danışmaz, Merdin; Akdağ, ÜnalThis study focuses on investigating the thermal performance of elliptical tubes in heat transfer applications with three different working fluids, namely water, CuO-water nano fluid, and Al2O3-water nano fluid. The research emphasizes the role of channel cross-sectional geometry and the utilization of nano fluids in enhancing heat transfer for four different elliptical aspect ratios with the same hydraulic diameter. To ensure fully developed hydrodynamic flow conditions and eliminate pipe outlet effects, a test section for flow analysis was identified at the midsection of the designed pipe geometry. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS 2020 R2 commercial software for low Reynolds numbers, which yield laminar flow, to analyze the impact of the elliptical cross-sectional geometry and heat transfer characteristics on the flow. The effects of nano fluids and the use of elliptical pipes on heat transfer were validated against empirical formulas based on Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that nano fluids exhibit superior heat transfer performance compared to water across all elliptical aspect ratios investigated. Although the best thermal performance belongs to the CuO nanoparticle fluid, it was understood that the use of Al2O3 fluid would also be beneficial due to its accessibility and being more economical. Moreover, it was determined that increasing the ellipticity under the specified flow conditions improved the heat transfer efficiency. Overall, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between channel geometry, nano fluid selection, and heat transfer performance, offering valuable insights for designing more effective heat transfer systems in various engineering applications.Öğe Embracing Diversity in the Classroom: Teachers’ Perceptions on Culturally Responsive Classroom Practices in Türkiye(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025) Mercan Küçükakın, Pınar; Yıldırım Taştı, Özlem; Çobanoğlu, Rahime; Gökmenoğlu, Tuba; Akcaoğlu, Mustafa ÖztürkCreating culturally responsive learning environments stands as a pivotal objective for 21st-century classrooms to foster inclusive and equitable education. This phenomenological inquiry explores the perceptions and practices of classroom teachers regarding Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP) within the educational context of Türkiye. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 teachers purposefully selected from public schools in Gaziantep, a city notable for its increased cultural diversity in the country. Content analysis was utilized for data analysis. The following themes emerged in the study: Barriers to Culturally Responsive Pedagogy and Culturally Responsive Pedagogy Practices. The findings indicate that, although there are instances of culturally responsive practices being implemented and positive perceptions of CRP among educators, substantial challenges persist in integrating CRP effectively within classroom settings. The study highlights the need for effective professional development and teacher training focused on CRP.Öğe Development of edible films containing aronia (aronia melanocarpa) and probiotic(Slovak University of Agriculture, 2025) Sağlam, Ali; Aşan Özüsağlam, MeltemThe application of herbal extracts and probiotics to edible films has the potential to improve food safety. This study aims to investigate the usage possibility of food packaging film prepared by combining aronia fruit ethanol extract (AEE) and probiotic candidate strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 in the food industry. Firstly, the antimicrobial activity of AEE was determined. The extract showed antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms except Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal (MBC or MFC) concentration values of the extract against test microorganisms were determined between 12.5 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. Secondly, inhibitory activity of AEE on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from human milk was determined. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the films obtained by adding AEE (10%) or L. fermentum MA-7 separately or together was determined. The results showed that the AEE and probiotic mixture showed a synergistic effect and the highest antimicrobial activity was determined to be in the Gum-Extract-Probiotic (GEP) group. The thickness, density, moisture content, transparency, swelling degree, water solubility and light transmittance of the developed edible film were also determined. The mechanical properties of the films have improved the quality in food applications and prevented food spoilage. The GEP group extended the shelf life of its fruits by reducing mass loss by 35.88% at +4°C and 40.96% at +25°C compared to the control. The developed film can be used as bioactive antimicrobial food packaging as an alternative to synthetic packaging in the food industry.Öğe The Effect of Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Factors on Medication Adherence in Chronic Diseases in Turkey Using Structural Equation Modeling(Springer, 2025) Bilgin, Aylin; Döner, Ayser; Erdoğan Yüce, Gülyeter; Muz, GamzeThis study was to examine the factors associated with medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases within the concept of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 837 patients diagnosed with chronic diseases were included in this study between November 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected based on the biopsychosocial-spiritual model. Medication adherence level was evaluated with the “Medication Adherence Report Scale.” “Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale,” “Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale,” and “Spiritual Well-Being Scale” were used to evaluate the psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. Anxiety, social support status, and spiritual status were important correlates of medication adherence levels in individuals with chronic diseases. It was determined that variables such as age, gender, and number of chronic diseases did not affect medication adherence. Medication adherence in individuals with chronic diseases is significantly associated with psychological, social, and spiritual factors. Therefore, when evaluating medication adherence, it should not be forgotten that it is a multifaceted concept and individuals should also be evaluated from psychological, social, and spiritual perspectives.Öğe Testing and optimizing methodologies for microplastic extraction from owl pellets(TUBITAK, 2025) Seyfe, Merve; Seyfe, Melike; Kankılıç, Tolga; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü NihanMicroplastic pollution is a pressing global environmental concern, potentially threatening ecosystems and entering the food chain. Owls, as nocturnal carnivorous birds, are at significant risk of ingesting microplastics due to their diverse foraging habits. This study aimed to identify the most suitable procedure for extracting microplastics from owl pellets, focusing on efficiency, functionality, and cost and ensuring the extraction of both prey and microplastics without damage. Experiments were conducted on pellets from long-eared owl (Asio otus) collected from three different habitats in Ankara, Türkiye. The extraction of microplastics was then tested using various treatments (n = 25), involving different durations, temperatures, and chemicals. A total of 100 pellet samples were utilized with three replicates for each treatment. The study identified three different methods particularly effective for microplastic extraction: using 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 55 °C for 75 min, using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 55 °C for 75 min, or using Fenton reagent (30% H2 O2 + FeSO4) at 50 °C. Additionally, immersing the pellets in a 60 °C water bath for 10 min improved the sorting of prey items. Overall, the most effective approach for extracting microplastics considering the balance of time, cost, and effort was using 10% KOH solution at 55 °C for 75 min.Öğe The Financial Literacy Paradox in Gambling Disorder: Why Knowing Isn’t Doing(Springer, 2025) Hamurcu, Çağrı; Mutlu, Elif Aktan; Hamurcu, Hayriye Dilek; Öz, Tayfun; Yavuz Ataşlar, EmineThis study investigates the paradox that individuals with gambling disorder (GD) may possess financial knowledge yet still engage in economically harmful behaviors. Using a cross-sectional design, we compared financial literacy—across knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors—between 100 individuals with GD and 123 matched healthy controls in Türkiye. While both groups demonstrated similar levels of financial knowledge, those with GD showed significantly impaired financial attitudes and behaviors. Structural equation modeling revealed that financial literacy mediated the relationship between education, income, and gambling severity, while longer gambling duration directly predicted greater severity. These findings suggest that financial literacy is not a fixed cognitive asset but a fragile faculty vulnerable to compulsion, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive bias. We argue that financial literacy in the context of gambling is not merely about what individuals know, but how that knowledge is enacted—vulnerable to being undermined by behavioral dynamics. The implications extend beyond gambling to broader questions of volition, agency, and the limits of rational action under conditions of addiction.Öğe Synthesis of a Novel Supermagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and their Congo Red Dye Removal, Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities(Springer, 2025) Gökdağ, Semih; Caf, Fatma; Doğaner, Fulya; Kaya, Bülent; Aykutoğlu, GürkanPlantago lanceolata is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant interest from researchers due to the use of its physiologically active components, particularly polyphenolics (flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids), in various fields. The aim of this study is to synthesize iron oxide (PLE@FeNPs) nanoparticles using a green synthesis approach with Plantago lanceolata (P. lanceolata) leaf extracts, characterize them, evaluate their in vitro effects, and assess their use in the removal of Congo red (CR) from wastewater. We carried out the physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles using UV–Vis, FT-IR, and XRD spectroscopies; TEM and SEM microscopy; and Zetasizer particle size analysis. While the distinct peaks in XRD confirm the crystalline structure, TEM has determined an average particle size (8 nm) for PLE@NPs with deformed spherical nanoparticles. The FT-IR spectra showed that bioactive compounds from P. lanceolata were involved in the participation of PLE@FeNPs. EDX confirmed the presence of iron in the designed PLE@FeNPs. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer analyses of the studied PLE@FeNPs revealed significant activities. We investigated the adsorption kinetics of CR on PLE@FeNPs, taking into account initial dye concentration, different pH levels, adsorbent dosages, and temperature. At optimal conditions (concentration, 50 ppm; dosage, 15 mg; pH, 8), the degradation of CR dye in sunlight was found to be 99%. The small size of PLE@NPs (8 nm) and the more negative zeta potential (− 12.2 mV) support this situation. The equilibrium data demonstrated a good fit to the Langmuir isotherm model, outperforming the Freundlich isotherm model. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately described the kinetic data. PLE@NPs exhibited significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This situation suggests that the nanocomposition of PLE@NPs obtained through the green route may have improved efficiency due to various synergistic effects. Overall, these results pave the way for further applications in dye removal and biological applications of environmentally friendly PLE@FeNPs.Öğe Multi-stimuli-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose/κ-carrageenan nanogels integrated with magnetic graphene oxide for colon-specific delivery of sunitinib(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Işıklan, Nuran; Aytekin, Harun; Sonkaya, Ömer; Güncüm, EnesThe multi-stimuli-responsive nanohydrogels provide a powerful strategy for enhancing drug utilization, preservation, controlled release, and minimizing systemic toxicity. Herein, we designed and developed a new multi-stimuli-responsive magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) integrated carboxymethyl cellulose/κ-carrageenan (CMC/CG/MGO) nanogels (NGs) for colon-specific delivery of sunitinib (SU). The physicochemical properties of the CMC/CG/MGO NGs were investigated by various analytical techniques of XRD, FTIR, TGA VSM, DLS, BET, and FESEM/TEM. The in-vitro SU release results exhibited that the CMC/CG/MGO NGs have a sustained release behavior with good pH, magnetic field, and near-infrared (NIR) light-dependent properties. The integrated photothermal agent MGO endowed the CMC/CG NGs with efficient photothermal properties, enabling precise SU release control under NIR laser irradiation. The CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs displayed a good photothermal conversion effect (η = 38.5%). Besides, the CMC/CG/MGO NGs were not cytotoxic (cell viability > 73% at 15.6–500 ppm) for the L929 fibroblast and Caco-2 cell lines. The MTT results also revealed that the CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs exhibited enhanced anti-cancer activity compared to free SU under NIR laser irradiation. These results highlight the potential of CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs as a promising candidate for remotely controlled multi-stimuli-responsive drug delivery.Öğe Effect of Co and Mn Doping on the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of XC₂ (X = Hf, Zr) MXene Monolayers: A First-Principles Study(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Bölen, Emre; Alyörük, Meryem DeryaMXenes, particularly Hf₂C and Zr₂C monolayers, exhibit exceptional electronic and magnetic properties, making them promising candidates for advanced applications. In this study, the effects of Co and Mn doping on Hf₂C and Zr₂C are investigated using first-principles calculations. The revPBE exchange-correlation functional is identified as yielding the lowest energy configurations. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the structural stability of the doped systems, with no signs of phase transitions or instabilities. Doping significantly alters the electronic band structures and magnetic properties. Co doped Hf₂C displays a bandgap, making it suitable for infrared detectors and low-temperature sensor applications, while Mn doping lead to a significant enhancement of the net magnetic moments relative to the pure monolayers. Applying an external electric field results in significant changes in the magnetic moment, particularly in Co doped Hf₂C and Zr₂C monolayers, highlighting their strong sensitivity to electric-field-induced perturbations and suggesting potential utility in orbitronic applications. These findings highlight the versatility of doped MXene monolayers, paving the way for their use in spintronic devices, detectors, and sensors.Öğe Functional Bacterial Cellulose-Based MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Electronic-Skin Patch for Accelerated Healing and Monitoring(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025) İlhan, Saliha Nur; Akyüz Yılmaz; Çiftçi, FatihThis study aims to develop and characterize electroactive hydrogels based on reduced bacterial cellulose (BC) and Ti3C2Tx-MXene for their potential application in wound healing and real-time monitoring. Impact Statement: The integration of Ti3C2Tx-MXene into BC matrices represents a novel approach to creating multifunctional hydrogels that combine biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and mechanical durability. These properties make the hydrogels promising candidates for advanced wound care and real-time monitoring applications. Introduction: Wound healing requires materials that support cell growth, promote tissue regeneration, and enable real-time monitoring. MXenes, a class of 2-dimensional materials, offer unique electrical and mechanical properties, making them suitable for biomedical applications. This study explores the integration of Ti3C2Tx-MXene with BC, a biopolymer known for its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, to create electroactive composite hydrogel films for advanced wound care. Methods: Ti3C2Tx-MXene was synthesized by etching Ti3AlC2 with hydrofluoric acid and integrated into BC pellicles produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinum. The composite hydrogel films underwent characterization through x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine structural, chemical, and thermal properties. Mechanical testing assessed tensile and compressive strengths. Biological assessments, including cell viability, hemolysis rate, and protein expression, evaluated biocompatibility and regenerative potential. Results: XRD confirmed the crystallographic structure of MXene and BC composite film. XPS and FTIR validated the successful incorporation of MXene into the film matrix. Composite hydrogel films demonstrated a tensile strength of 3.5 MPa and a compressive strength of 4.2 MPa. TGA showed stability up to 350 °C, and the electrical conductivity reached 9.14 × 10−4 S/m, enabling real-time monitoring capabilities. Cell viability exceeded 95%, with a hemolysis rate below 2%. Protein expression studies revealed the ability to promote skin regeneration through collagen I, K10, K5, and filaggrin expression. Conclusion: The BC/MXene composite hydrogel films exhibit important potential as electronic-skin patches for accelerating wound healing and enabling real-time monitoring. Their unique combination of mechanical durability, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility highlights their promise for advanced wound care applications.
