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Öğe Use of ice teas formulated with black teas prepared with different infusion methods and grape juice in the production of water kefir beverages(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gülhan, AycaIn this research, ice teas formulated with black teas prepared with cold and hot infusion methods and grape juice were subjected to fermentation with water kefir grains. The fermentation process lasted 48 h at 25 °C, followed by a 14-day storage period at 4 °C. As a result of fermentation with water kefir grains, a decrease in pH and total soluble solid content of ice teas and an increase in titratable acidity were detected. At the end of fermentation, the CO2 amount was determined to be 1.86 g/100 mL in teas prepared with a cold infusion and 2.23 g/100 mL in teas prepared with a hot infusion. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ice teas prepared with the hot infusion method gave higher values. The duration of storage led to a decrease in the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content for both formulations. While the glucose, fructose, and sucrose values of teas prepared with the cold infusion method were 4.109%, 4.804%, and 2.312% at the end of fermentation, these values were found to be 4.649%, 5.528%, and 1.273% in the teas prepared with the hot infusion method. The analysis of the phenolic components showed that the main phenolic components were gallic acid, quercetin, epicatechin, and rosmarinic acid. It was found that the number of Lactobacillus spp. was 7.55 to 8.14, the number of Lactococcus spp. was 6.80 to 7.36, the total number of mesophilic and aerobic bacteria was 7.57 to 8.27, and the yeast count was 5.22 to 5.90 in ice teas made with different infusion methods and while they were stored. As a result of sensory analysis with produced water kefir beverages, panelists showed a significant preference for the hot infusion formulation. As a result, the produced ice tea formulations could be used as a fermentation medium by the microorganisms in water kefir grains, and ice teas with functional properties were produced.Öğe Invariant and Anti-Invariant Submanifolds of Generalized Sasakian Space Forms(Pleiades Publishing, 2024) Mert, T.; Pandey, S.; Atçeken, M.; De, U.C.In this article, invariant and anti-invariant submanifolds of generalized Sasakian space forms are investigated. The important properties of such submanifolds are determined according to both Levi-Civita connection and semisymmetric metric connection. Characterizations of Ricci solitons have researched according to Levi-Civita connection and semisymmetric metric connection on invariant and anti-invariant submanifolds of generalized Sasakian space form.Öğe Determination of secondary metabolites of Cydonia oblonga (Quince) by LC-MS/MS method together with evaluation of its antioxidant and cholinergic potentials(ACG Publications, 2024) Dikici, Emrah; Altın, Sevgi; Alp, Cemalettin; Işık, Mesut; Köksal, Ekrem; Gülçin, İlhamiIn this study, quantification of secondary metabolites of Cydonia oblonga (Quince) leaves by LC-MS/MS and antioxidant, cholinergic and ?-Glycosidase activities were reported. LC-MS/MS analyses of the studied extract showed that the highest phenolic constituents of species were catechin (2024.9 ± 80.9 ?g/L), vanillic acid (1121.8 ± 39.3 ?g/L) and fumaric acid (486.7 ± 16.5 ?g/L). The ethanol extract of quince leaves inhibited the ?-glycosidase enzyme with an IC50: 0.6 ?g/mL value. In order to determine the anti-Alzheimer activity of the plant extract, inhibition studies were carried out on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The IC50 values of the plant extract were found to be 1.3 ?g/mL for AChE and 1.5 ?g/mL for BChE. In addition, free radical scavenging and metal reduction tests were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant and the results were compared with Trolox. It was understood that the antioxidant potential of the plant was lower than Trolox. The results from biological abilities, molecular docking of catechin hydrate as abundant phenolic compounds in quince leaves extract to be an inhibitor candidate for AChE, BChE and ?-glycosidase.Öğe Linking with technology in the education and adaptation processes of refugee children(IGI Global, 2024) Engin, Kübra; Budak, Kadriye Selin; Bozkurt Polat, Emine; Aydın Bölükbaş, Feyza; Ulutaş, İlkayIn this section, the needs of refugee children are discussed within the framework of Maslow's hierarchy and family systems theory, and explanations of children's participation in educational processes, the use of technology in educational processes, and teacher guidance are given. In addition, the study aims to determine the knowledge, awareness, and experiences of preschool teachers in Turkey about integrating technology into education in classrooms for refugee children. In this direction, the teacher interview form on technology integration into activities with refugee children in early childhood was developed by the researchers, and the current situation was revealed by interviewing preschool teachers working with refugee children. As a result of the research, it was seen that refugee children in Turkey have problems with language and communication, adaptation and behavior problems, self-care skills, and cultural differences. It was found that teachers used language translation programs and technology-assisted instruction to solve these problems and made arrangements such as making extra explanations for refugee children in the context of language and culture, using Arabic materials, and speaking English. It was stated that technology integration was beneficial for refugee children in terms of easier language acquisition. "easier instruction, more adaptability and motivation, and faster learning, and it was emphasized that it provided equal opportunities with Turkish children.Öğe Sustainable Food and Agriculture Production: Reducing Food Waste through Technological Advancements and Assessing Its Economic Impact(Nan Yang Academy of Sciences Pte. Ltd, 2024) Öztuna Taner, ÖznurThe food waste (FW) is a widespread and persistent concern that has substantial environmental, social, and economic consequences. This study addresses the intricate relationship among sustainable food production, technological innovation, and the imperative to reduce FW, analyzing the entire food supply chain from production to consumption to identify key points where waste occurs. The potential of developing technologies is evaluated to induce substantial transformations. The study elucidates how precision agriculture, smart packaging, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and consumer-centric apps can transform food systems through a comprehensive assessment of literature and case studies. Challenges, opportunities, and future research directions are comprehensively discussed, emphasizing the need for collaborative, multi-stakeholder approaches to achieve a sustainable and waste-conscious food future.Öğe Gross Anatomical, Histological, Histochemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of Glandular Stomach of Chinese Goose (Anser cygnoides)(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Tolgahan, Deni?z; Yaren Kuloğlu, HaticeThe digestive system is responsible for the intake, conversion and absorption of nutrients and the elimination of wastes from the body in order to provide the necessary energy for the continuation of vitality and functions. The aim of this study was to examine the glandular stomach of the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) by histological, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic methods. Methods: The glandular stomachs of 12 (6 males and 6 females) healthy adult Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were used in the study. The tissues taken were subjected to routine histological procedures. Result: Gross anatomically, it was seen that the Proventriculus was a fusiform or spindle-shaped organ, extending along the median plane between the esophagus and the muscular stomach. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed that the glandular stomach surface of Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) contained many mucosal folds. Parallel grooves and proventricular gland openings were observed between these folds. Histologically, it was observed that the glandular stomach wall of Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) consisted of four layers: tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The tunica mucosa was observed to have lamina epithelialis, lamina propria and lamina muscularis sublayers. Single layer prismatic cells secreting mucus were found in the lamina epithelialis layer. These cells showed local Alcian Blue (AB) pH:2,5 positive reaction. Lamina muscularis consisted of longitudinal smooth muscle fiber bundles. Compound, branched tubular glands were observed in the submucosal layer. Again, a regional AB positive reaction was observed in the lumen-facing parts of the tubular glands. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive reaction was noted in the basal parts of the tubular glands. In Gordon-Sweet (GS) staining method, reticular threads easily distinguished in all areas where connective tissue present.Öğe Genetic polymorphism and cluster analyses based on the conserved DNAderived polymorphism markers in the selected Harumanis and non-Harumanis mango varieties(Rynnye Lyan Resources, 2024) Rahman, A.M.A; Zakaria, Z.; Aziz, N.A.; Xuan, K.H.; Rahman, K.H.A.; Mohtar, J.A.; Intan, S.A.S.; Mokhtar, M.A.A.; Gaši, F.; Pilav, A.; Çakmak, E.Various mango varieties have been cultivated in Malaysia for decades and the fruit plays a significant impact on trading nationwide. Harumanis is the most outstanding mango variety in terms of taste and quality which led to a premium price of up to 8.57 USD per kilogram. This has steered fraud in substituting with cheaper mango varieties such as Tong Dam and Susu due to similar morphological features. Morphological characteristics are commonly used to differentiate Harumanis mango from other varieties although it is inefficient, less stable, and affected by environmental factors. This research aimed to evaluate the genetic polymorphism in three mango varieties and assess the potential of conserved-DNA derived polymorphism (CDDP) as a DNA marker in differentiating Harumanis and non-Harumanis mango samples. A total of fifteen Harumanis and non-Harumanis mango samples were studied. A total of 371 bands were amplified by a set of six CDDP primers for fourteen mango leaf samples. The percentage of polymorphism observed for all six primers was higher than 65%. Primer WRKY-R1 showed the highest polymorphism percentage and polymorphism information content, which was 100% and 0.44, respectively, making it the most efficient CDDP primer to differentiate Harumanis and non-harumanis mango varieties in this study. Primer WRKY-F1 showed the highest value of resolving power at 8.57 with the highest number of loci was 15. The UPGMA dendrogram constructed based on CDDP data revealed fourteen samples were grouped into four major clusters with all different varieties forming their own clad. The study demonstrated that CDDP markers can be effectively used in the characterization of different mango genotypes and in genetic diversity analysis, facilitating the development of DNA fingerprinting of the leading Harumanis mango, as well as better management of mango fruit resources in Malaysia.Öğe The Effect of Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Personality Traits on Academic Self-efficacy and Effective Communication Self-efficacy(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024) Aydın, ErkanThe study aims to uncover the influence of positive personality traits among Turkish language teacher candidates on their effective communication self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the mediating variable effect of effective communication self-efficacy. To achieve these objectives, the research employed the relational survey model. The sample comprised 345 students enrolled in the Turkish Language Teaching Department at various universities in Türkiye at the undergraduate level. Structural equation modeling was utilized for the analysis. The research findings indicate that possessing positive personality traits positively impacts the academic self-efficacy levels of pre-service teachers. Additionally, having positive personality traits contributes to an increase in their effective communication self-efficacy levels. The study demonstrates that as pre-service teachers’ effective communication self-efficacy levels rise, so do their academic self-efficacy levels. In conclusion, the research unveils that the effective communication self-efficacy levels of pre-service teachers mediate the relationship between positive personality traits and academic self-efficacy, and effective communication self-efficacy determines the strength of the connection between these two variables.Öğe Relationship between serum vitamin D deficiency, nutrition status and anemia parameters in women with obesity(Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica, 2024) Kahve, Ayşe Nur; Ayhan, Nurcan YabancıLa deficiencia de vitamina D es un problema de salud pública significativo asociado con muchas enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: Demostrar el impacto de la deficiencia de vitamina D en los parámetros de anemia y la composición corporal en mujeres con obesidad. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en un total de 75 mujeres con obesidad (Índice de Masa Corporal ?30,0 kg/m²) entre las edades de 19-55 años que viven en Aksaray, compuestas por 43 con deficiencia de vitamina D (<30 nmol/L) y 32 sin deficiencia (>50 nmol/L). Se recopiló información personal, estado de salud general, algunos hábitos nutricionales y un formulario de consumo de alimentos a través de entrevistas cara a cara con las mujeres y tomando formularios de consentimiento. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se examinaron los criterios de anemia y los valores bioquímicos. Resultados: Los valores de hierro sérico, ferritina, hemoglobina, hematocrito y vitamina B12 fueron más bajos en mujeres con niveles de vitamina D <30 nmol/L en comparación con aquellas con niveles >50 nmol/L, y esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusión: La deficiencia de vitamina D está asociada con los niveles séricos de hierro, ferritina, hemoglobina y hematocrito. Los resultados confirmaron nuestra hipótesis de que la deficiencia de vitamina D en suero podría ser un peligro potencial para el desarrollo de la anemia.Öğe The effects of hormone therapy on clinical symptoms(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2024) Sezgin, AydanMenopause is difficult because of the clinical symptoms associated with hormonal changes. Every woman experiences these clinical symptoms to a greater or lesser extent. Hormone therapy has a particularly positive effect on vasomotor symptoms and genitourinary symptoms, but also on other symptoms. Hormone therapy consists mainly of estrogen preparations, and in women with a uterus, estrogen +progesterone preparations. There are various routes of administration of these preparations (oral, vaginal, and transdermal). However, since hormone therapy can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic events, and breast cancer, the patient group to receive hormone therapy should be carefully selected.Öğe From cssc-crossed modules to categorical groups(Tbilisi Centre for Mathematical Sciences, 2024) Datuashvili, Tamar; Mucuk, Osman; Alemdar, Nazmiye; Şahan, TunçarFor any cssc-crossed module a category is constructed, equipped with a structure and proved that this is a coherent categorical group. Together with a result of the previous paper, where to any categorical group the cssc-crossed module is associated, this construction will enable us to prove an equivalence between the categories of categorical groups and of cssc-crossed modules in the sequel to this paper.Öğe The torsional characterization of 3D-Printed polylactic acid parts with alternating additive manufacturing parameters(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Saraç, İsmail; Horasan, MuratThree-dimensional (3D) printed polymer parts can be subjected to torsional loads in accordance with the conditions of use. Understanding the torsional properties of 3D printed polymers depending on the printing parameters is a significant research topic in fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing processes to be used as machine parts operating under torsional load, such as polymer parts manufactured by extrusion method. Some studies have shown that raster angle and printing speed affect the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polymers. However, tensile tests were used in most of those studies. In this study, the torsional behavior of 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) materials was investigated by static torsion tests, finite element analyses, and theoretical and failure analyses with respect to the printing speed and raster angle parameters. Torsion test specimens were manufactured at five different raster angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and two different printing speeds (20 and 80 mm/s) from PLA material using the FDM additive manufacturing method. The results showed that raster angle and printing speed parameters affected the torsional load-carrying capacity of FDM-3D printed PLA parts. The best load-carrying capacity was achieved at 30° and 60° raster angles, while the lowest was measured at 0° raster angle. The torsional load-carrying capacity was significantly enhanced by 85% for specimens manufactured at the printing speed of 80 mm/s.Öğe A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Regular Dart Training on Visual Perception and Attention Level in Pre-Adolescent Children(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Koçak, Çalık Veli; Canlı, Umut; Başal, Veli; Aldhahi, Monira I.This study aimed to determine the effects of dart exercises on the visual perception and attention parameters of pre-adolescent students. Methods: This study included 40 pre-adolescent secondary school students (n = 20 participants in the exercise group [10 girls and 10 boys] and n = 20 participants in the control group [10 girls and 10 boys]). A pre-test of visual perception and attention was conducted prior to the start of the structured dart exercise program, which lasted 12 weeks. The exercises were performed three days a week, with each session lasting 90 min. After 12 weeks, the visual perception and d2 attention tests were administered to both the exercise and control groups. Repeated measures 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group × time) was conducted for statistical analysis. Results: The results show that there was a statistically significant difference in the group × time interaction for the parameters of visual perception, focusing (E2), concentration (CP), and attention level (TN-E) (p < 0.05) Conversely, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters of psychomotor speed (TN) and selective attention (E1) (p > 0.05). In addition to the pre- and post-test scores of the control and exercise groups, it was observed that the exercise group scores showed a significant improvement compared with the control group. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that dart exercises can improve the visual perception and attention levels of pre-adolescent secondary school students. These results have implications for the use of dart exercises as a potential cognitive training tool in this age group. Further research could explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of such a program.Öğe Thermal stress analysis of maxillary dentures with different reinforcement materials under occlusal load using finite element method(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Benli, Semih; Baş, GökhanThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fiber reinforcement materials on the magnitude of stresses in a critical part of the maxillary denture base under thermal and occlusal load. Thermal stress analyses of the models were carried out using the finite element method. The models consisted of bone, soft tissue, interface gap, and maxillary dentures with and without reinforcements. A concentrated occlusal load of 230 N was applied bilaterally on the molar teeth. A 36 °C reference and 0 °C, 36 °C, and 70 °C variable ambient temperatures were applied to the models. CrCo, unidirectional and woven carbon/epoxy, unidirectional and woven glass/epoxy, and unidirectional and woven Kevlar/epoxy were used as reinforcing materials in the maxillary denture base made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). Stress distributions on the maxillary denture’s midline and lateral line direction were evaluated. Maximum stresses in the incisal notch and the labial frenal notch of the maxillary denture were determined. Failure analysis of reinforcement materials used in maxillary dentures was carried out using the Tsai-Wu index criterion. The results obtained show that the thermal properties of reinforcement materials should be considered as an important criterion in their selection.Öğe Bibliometric Insights into Microplastic Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Yıldırım, Gökhan; Anindita, Monisha; Pan, Xiao; Rahman, Sumya; Alim, Mohammad A.; Shaik, Rehana; Rahman, AtaurMicroplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems has emerged as a significant environmental concern, warranting comprehensive investigation, and understanding. This study employs bibliometric analysis to systematically review and synthesize the existing literature on microplastic pollution in freshwater environments from 2013 to 2023. The exponential growth in research output was uncovered by analyzing 885 documents sourced from the Web of Science database, with an average annual growth rate of 73.13% and an average document citation of 30.17. Our findings highlight the dominance of primary and secondary microplastics as pollutants, their ecological consequences, and the resultant socio-economic implications. Notably, the Science of the Total Environment and Environmental Pollution journals emerge as leading publication venues, while China, Germany, and the USA lead in research contributions, underlining the global nature of microplastic pollution research. The analysis further outlines the most commonly cited works, identifying pivotal studies that have shaped current understanding and future research directions. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the research landscape on microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems, helping researchers to identify knowledge gaps and emerging trends. These insights can guide future research directions and inform policymakers and stakeholders on where scientific efforts should be concentrated to better understand and address the impacts of microplastic pollution.Öğe Evaluation of potential anti-aging effects of Achillea phrygia Boiss. & Balansa (Asteraceae)(Pamukkale University, 2024) Gülen, Rukiye Boran; Saraç, Nurdan; Uğur, AyselThis study aims to determine the anti-aging effects of Achillea phrygia, an endemic plant, by evaluating its sun protection factor (SPF) level, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes (ECM) inhibition, genotoxic/anti-genotoxic, and cytotoxic activities. The SPF level was assessed using an in vitro quantitative method, while antioxidant capacity was determined through DPPH, ?-carotene, and hydroxyl-radical (H2O2) scavenging assays. The total phenolic content was quantitatively conducted using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent. The inhibition of ECM-degrading enzymes was determined using matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), hyaluronidase, and elastase enzymes. Genotoxic/anti-genotoxic properties were assessed using the AMES Salmonella/microsome assay, and cytotoxicity effects were assessed through the MTT assay. The results indicated that A. phrygia showed moderate SPF activity (SPF = 4.013) and exhibited IC50 values of 0.183 ± 0.03, 0.079 ± 0.51, and 1.18 ± 0.35 mg/mL for DPPH, ?-carotene, and hydroxyl-radicals, respectively. The total phenolic content was measured to be 23.56 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g dry extract. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated inhibition of MMP-1 (47.98%) and elastase (39.2%) activities. Importantly, it did not induce DNA damage and showed antigenotoxic activity ranging from 10% to 65.6%. The cytotoxicity assay revealed an IC50 value of 42.41±4.05 µg/mL. These findings suggest that A. phrygia could be utilized as a cosmetic ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to protect against UV radiation, exhibit antioxidant properties, prevent extracellular matrix degradation, and inhibit DNA damage.Öğe Öğe Fostering climate consciousness through mathematics: Innovative STEM activities for pre-service teachers(CRC Press, 2024) Saralar Aras, İpek; Biber, Belma Türker...Öğe DFT assessment on the future prospects of inorganic lead-free halide double perovskites Cs2ABI6 (AB: GeZn, SnBe) for energy conversion technologies(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Caid, Messaoud; Rached, Habib; Rached, Djamel; Özışık, Hacı; Delig?z, Engin; Rached, YoucefIn this study, we employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the structural, elastic, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Cs2ABI6 (AB: GeZn, SnBe) halide double perovskites (HDPs). We employed the full-potential linear augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method, incorporating the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) approach for the exchange-correlation potential. We found that the HDPs are stable in a cubic structure (space group Fm-3m), as indicated by phase stability analysis, formation energies, tolerance factor, and elastic constants. The compounds exhibits ductile behavior, as assessed by Poisson's and Pugh's ratios. The electronic band structures of Cs2GeZnI6 and Cs2SnBeI6 exhibit indirect band gaps (X-L) of 1.124 eV and 1.551 eV, respectively, as calculated using the TB-mBJ approximation. Optical spectra were evaluated over the 0–13 eV energy range, including the dielectric functions, extinction coefficient, electron energy loss, refractive index, optical conductivity, reflectivity, and absorption coefficient. Additionally, we calculated thermoelectric parameters across a range of chemical potentials and temperatures to assess their suitability for thermoelectric applications. Our results suggest that these compounds are highly promising candidates for both optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.Öğe Assessment of equity market performance in MIKTA countries using the CRITIC- based TODIM method and its relationship with fiscal policy-oriented central bank policy interest rate(Peter Lang AG, 2024) Kılıçarslan, Abdullah; Kazak, Hasan; Akcan, Ahmet Tayfur...
