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Some special ruled surfaces in hyperbolic 3−space
(Mehmet Zeki SARIKAYA, 2021) Mert, Tuğba; Atçeken, Mehmet
In this paper, normal and binormal surfaces, a special class of ruled surfaces in hyperbolic 3−space, are discussed. These special surfaces are defined in hyperbolic 3−space and the types of these surfaces are introduced. The properties of these surfaces are given under the condition of being constant angle surfaces in hyperbolic 3−space.
On the non-existence of weakly symmetric nearly kenmotsu manifold with semi-symmetric metric connection
(Mehmet Zeki SARIKAYA, 2021) Yıldırım, Mustafa
The object of this paper is to study the non-existence of weakly symmetric nearly Kenmotsu manifold with semi-symmetric metric connection.
Determination of serum perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid levels with different stages of chronic kidney disease
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Erdal, Hüseyin; Sungur, Sana; Köroğlu, Muaz; Turgut, Faruk
The aim of this study is to investigate the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) levels in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sixty-one CKD stage 1-4 patients who applied to the nephrology outpatient clinic were recruited. A control group consisting of 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were also included in the study. Concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were determined by comparing their peak areas with their standard curves. All samples were analyzed three times. The average values of blank samples were subtracted from the detected PFOA and PFOS values. PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly higher in CKD group than the controls (11.4 ± 7.47, 0.45 ± 0.55; 0.13 ± 0. 17, 0.19 ± 0.4 ng/mL, respectively) (P = 0.001). Hemoglobin, serum albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels were significantly lower and potassium and uric acid levels were higher in the CKD group than the controls. PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly higher in all stages of CKD patients than healthy controls. However, there was no correlation between eGFR, and PFOS and PFOA. We have demonstrated significantly increased PFOA and PFOS concentrations in different stages of CKD patients. We could not find an association between eGFR, age, and serum PFOS and PFOA concentrations.
Alteration in choroidal microvasculature determined by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with acromegaly
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Selvinaz, Erol R.; Tiryaki, Semra; Çil Şen, Esra; Yener, Öztürk F.; Masum, Canat M.; Yıldız, Duygu; Batman, Adnan; Güven, Dilek; Altuntaş, Yüksel; Süren, Elçin; Kazım, Erol M.
We aimed to investigate the retinal layers and macular capillary structure using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with acromegaly patients and determine the relationship between OCTA parameters and disease duration, Growth hormone (GH) and Insuline growth factor (IGF - 1) levels. Patients and Method: Twenty-two patients with acromegaly who were followed up in the endocrinology outpatient clinic of Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Health Training and Research Hospital, were recruited into the study. Healthy control group was consisted of 22 age and gender matched subjects. Complete opthalmological examination including best visual acuity (BCVA), axial lenght, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, anterior segment and fundus examination, central corneal thickness with pachymetry and OCTA measurement were performed in the patients and healthy control group. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal vascular density (FVD), parafoveal vascular density (PFVD), choroidal flow (CF), foveal thickness (FT) and choroidal thickness (CT) were compared beetwen groups. Correlation between disease duration, GH and IGF-1 levels and OCTA parameters were evaluated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of BCVA, axial length, IOP, FT, FAZ, FD and PFVD. Choroidal thickness and CF was significantly high in the patients group compared to healthy controls (respectively, p = 0.003, p = 0.022). The mean follow-up period in patients with acromegaly was 90±50.2 months. There was a significant correlation between GH and subfoveal choroidal thickness in the patient group (p < 0.001, r = 0.52), a significant correlation was determined between disease duration and corneal thickness (p = 0.01, r = 0.41). In addition, an inverse correlation was detected between the IGF-1 level and the FAZ domain (p = 0.022, r= -0.34). Conclusion: In patients with acromegaly, choroidal vasculature seems to be more affected than the retinal vasculature.
Chemical profile, antioxidant and photoprotective activities of essential oil and crude extracts of Algerian Thymus serpyllum
(SciCell s.r.o., 2021) Madouni, Nariman; Meddah, Boumediene; Aicha, Tir Touil; Bensouici, Chawki; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Piras, Alessandra; Falconieri, Danilo; Sonnet, Pascal
Thymus serpyllum L. is an aromatic and medicinal plant widely used in Algerian folk medicine. It was collected from the Mascara region in the North-West of Algeria and studied with the aim to provide more knowledges and update about chemical composition, antioxidant and skin-protective activities of essential oil, ethanolic and infusion extracts. The chemical analysis of investigated T. serpyllum essential oil (EO) was performed for the first time in this research work. It was carried out by GC/MS for identifying of 25 components where the dominated compounds were carvacrol (66 %) and γ–terpinene (11.5 %). Ethanolic and infusion extracts were analyzed using HPLC/DAD detector type chromatography and revealed that benzoic acid and rosmarinic acid were found as the major compounds. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH, galvinoxyl radical (GOR), CUPRAC, reducing power, and O-phenanthroline methods. All extracts showed a significant antioxidant capacity with different mechanisms. However, ethanol and infusion extracts showed stronger capacity than EO. Moreover, the photo-protective (skin-protective) activity of T. serpyllum extracts was explored for the first time in our study. Extracts exhibited high values of Sun Protective Factors (SPF) with 38.34 ± 2.29 and 38.82 ± 2.23 for ethanol and infusion extract, respectively. These results suggest a potential use of Thymus serpyllum as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and skin-protective properties.
Certain results on invariant submanifolds of an almost Kenmotsu (κ, μ, ν)-space
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Atc̣eken, Mehmet
In the present paper, we study invariant submanifolds of almost Kenmotsu structures whose Riemannian curvature tensor has (κ, μ, ν) -nullity distribution. Since the geometry of an invariant submanifold inherits almost all properties of the ambient manifold, we research how the functions κ, μ and ν behave on the submanifold. In this connection, necessary and sufficient conditions are investigated for an invariant submanifold of an almost Kenmotsu (κ, μ, ν) -space to be totally geodesic under some conditions.
Familial mediterranean fever: assessment of clinical manifestations, pregnancy, genetic mutational analyses, and disease severity in a national cohort
(Springer, 2020) Bodur, Hatice; Yurdakul, Fatma Gül; Çay, Hasan Fatih; Uçar, Ülkü; Keskin, Yaşar; Sargın, Betül; Gürer, Gülcan; Kaplan, Hüseyin
The aims of this study were to investigate the main clinical and laboratory features, including pregnancy and genetic analysis, of Turkish Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients and to analyze the relationships between genotypic features, age of disease onset, clinical findings, and disease severity. A study was planned within a national network of 22 different centers. Demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, attack characteristics, drugs, pregnancy and birth history, disease severity, and gene mutation analyses were evaluated. Disease severity, assessed using a scoring system developed by Pras et al., was evaluated in relation to gene mutations and age of disease onset. A total of 979 patients (643 females and 336 males; mean age: 35.92 ± 11.97 years) with FMF were included in the study. Of a total of 585 pregnancies, 7% of them resulted in preterm birth and 18.1% resulted in abortions. During pregnancy, there was no FMF attack in 61.4% of patients. Of the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) mutations, 150 (24.3%) cases were homozygous, 292 (47.3%) cases were heterozygous, and 175 (28.4%) were compound heterozygous. Patients with homozygous gene mutations had more severe disease activity, earlier age of disease onset, higher rates of joint and skin involvement, sacroiliitis, and amyloidosis. Patients with compound heterozygous genotype displayed severe disease activity in close resemblance to patients with homozygous mutation. In addition, patients with compound heterozygous mutations had higher rates of protracted febrile myalgia and elevated fibrinogen levels. In 63.9% of compound heterozygous patients, age of onset was < 20 years, with greater disease severity, and high rates of attack frequency and colchicine resistance. Our results suggest that indicators for disease severity include early onset of disease and homozygous gene mutations. Furthermore, patients with compound heterozygous mutations displayed significant presentations of severe disease activity.
A study and critical edition of Qāēī Abū Ja‘far al-Balkhī’s al-Ibāna fī al-radd ‘alā al-mushanni‘īn ‘alā Abī Ģanīfa
(Istanbul 29 Mayis University - ISAM, TDV Centre for Islamic Studies, 2020) Furkani, Mehterhan
Many works had been written to defend Imām Abū Ģanīfa and the Ģanafī school of law: Muģammad b. Muģammad al-Kardarī’s (d. 642/1244) al-Fawā’id al-munīfa fī al-zabb ‘an Abī Ģanīfa, Šāhir b. Qāsim’s (d. 771/1370) Muqaddima fī al-radd ‘alā radd al-Ģanafiyya, Muģammad b. Muģammad b. Shihāb al-Zuhrī’s (d. 827/1424) al-Radd ‘alā al-Imām al-Ghazzālī bimā takallama bi-ģaqqi imāminā Abī Ģanīfa and Molla ‘Ali al-Qārī’s (d. 1014/1605) Risāla fī al-radd ‘alā man dhamma Abā Ģanīfa. The work of Aģmad b. Abdullah b. Abū al-Qāsim al-Balkhī (d. 5th/11th century), titled al-Ibāna fī al-radd ‘alā al-mushanni‘īn ‘alā Abī Ģanīfa, is among the most important and earliest texts within this field. For this reason, this paper pre-sents a critical edition of this work. Some scholars mistakenly attribute this text to Muwaffaq b. Muģammad al-Ģāssī (d. 634/1237). This paper, however, argues that the real author of this manuscript was Abū Ja‘far al-Balkhī. In order to elim-inate confusion about the author of the work, I attempted to consult all available manuscript copies. I have been able to locate six manuscripts; three are preserved in manuscript libraries in Turkey, one is in Baghdad, one is in Mashhad, and another one is in Riyadh. I also provide full information concerning their locations in the manuscript libraries. In addition, I have been informed about the existence of another copy in Mecca (in Maktabat Ģaram al-Macca), although I was unable to consult this manuscript for this study. The work was written for the purpose of defending the Ģanafī jurisprudential positions against certain criticisms. The author lists the most frequent criticisms directed at Ģanafī jurisprudence by other schools and defends the Ģanafī tradition by providing detailed religious and rational proofs. The author especially tries to respond to criticisms from the Shāfi‘ī jurisprudence school. The work consists of six chapters. In the first chapter, the author responds to those who say that the “Ģanafī school is contrary to imāma and imāra principles,” and argues in detail that the Ģanafī School is the school best suited to imāma and imāra principles. In the second chapter, the author rejects those who say that, “Abū Ģanīfa preferred controversially qiyās (analogy) to naŝŝ (Qur’an and sun-nah), which is accepted by everyone.” The author argues that it is not Abū Ģanīfa who did this, but rather those who make this accusation against him. Abū Ģanīfa expressed clearly that he applied qiyās when there was no clear stipulation or evidence in the Qur’an or prophetic tradition. The author states that Abū Ģanīfa first made reference to the Qur’an, then to the prophetic tradition; when in the absence of evidence from these two sources, he referred to the opinions accepted by all of the companions, and then to the opinion of a companion if the other companions did not oppose it. When none of these options were available, only then did he apply qiyās. In the third chapter, the author responds to those who say, “Abū Ģanīfa left the prudence in the fiqh and went beyond bounds of permis-sion.” The author emphasizes that this claim is incorrect and that it is incompati-ble with the life of a devout imām. In the fourth chapter, which is a continuation of the previous one, the author rejects the claim that “Shāfi‘ī and other scholars were more cautious than Abū Ģanīfa in matters of worship and etc.,” and he sug-gests that the opposite was true. One of the examples provided is the controversy about the one who intentionally breaks his fast by eating or drinking something in Ramadan. In this case, Shāfi‘ī and Aģmad b. Ģanbal said that only recompense fasting (for each day s/he broke) was necessary, while Abū Ģanīfa and Mālik viewed both recompense and penance (60-day fasting) as necessary. The author states that this, and similar provisions, indicate that it cannot be claimed that Shāfi‘ī was more cautious regarding worship than Abū Ģanīfa. In the fifth chapter, as a counter attack, the author challenges those who criticized Abū Ģanīfa and lists the controversial opinions of Abū Ģanīfa’s opponents. In the sixth chapter, he addresses two arguments: In the first part, he underscores that not Abū Ģanīfa but rather his opponents should be criticized. In the second, he explains why the Ģanafī school is more favorable to others. The author tries to argue these issues through providing religious and rational proofs. In some cases, however, he could not help but to resort to some fanatical suggestions without providing evidence. For example, the author claims that Shafi‘ī’s Arabic was weak and that he was not a strong scholar of the prophetic traditions.
The effect of PhET simulation-based instruction on 6th grade students’ achievement regarding the concept of greenhouse gas
(International Council of Associations for Science Education (ICASE), 2020) Özcan, Hasan; Çetin, Gülcan; Koştur, Hakkı İlker
This study investigated the effectiveness of simulation-based instruction on students’ greenhouse effect achievement. The simulations were chosen from the Physics Education Technology Project (PhET) website. The research was a pretest-posttest with a control group design quasi-experimental study. The sample of the study consisted of 45 6th grade students taking a science course in a secondary school from a city located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey in the 2017–2018 academic year. Participants were assigned randomly to control and experimental groups. There were 23 participants in the experimental group and 22 participants in the control group. While the control group was instructed with the constructive instructional methods, the experimental group was instructed by PhET simulation-based instruction over 1 week. Data were collected by the Greenhouse Effect Achievement Test. Independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test were used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that the PhET simulation-based instruction created a statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the students’ greenhouse effect in favor of the experimental group (p = 0.03). © International Council of Associations for Science Education (ICASE). All Rights Reserved.
Nonsurgical treatment option for Peyronie’s disease: Shockwave therapy
(2020) Gül, Murat; Can Şerefoğlu, Ege
Recent developments in the shockwave therapies have created a big excitement in the field of sexual medicine. Although the use of low-intensity shockwave therapy in erectile dysfunction became popular in many Men’s Health centers, its role in the treatment of Peyronie’s Disease (PD) has been a subject of debate. This chapter endeavors to perform a literature review pertaining to the impact of shockwave therapy on PD plaques and to evaluate the possible mechanism of action of this treatment modality in the management of PD. Although there are limited data about the beneficial effects of shockwave therapy among patients with PD, future researches may shed a light on the potential clinical use of this treatment in PD.
Identification of enterococci by MALDI-TOF-MS & 16S rRNA sequencing isolated from squeezed cheeses and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility and antibacterial activity
(Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency (RSNPHA), 2020) Aydın, Furkan; Kahve, Halil İbrahim; Ardıç, Mustafa; Çakır, İbrahim
Objective: This study aims to identify enterococci isolated from squeezed cheeses by MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis and to evaluate antibiotic resistance and antibacterial effects of these isolates against some food pathogens. Methods: Identification of 84 Enterococcus isolates obtained from squeezed cheese was carried out using MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolates were tested for resistance to 14 different antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial effects of isolates against various food pathogens were determined by the agar spot test. SPSS 22.0.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) was used for the assessment of the correlation between variance analysis (ANOVA, F test) and antibacterial results. Results: As a result of sequence analysis; 33 (39.3%) were described to E. faecalis, 29 (34.5%) to E. faecium, 14 (16.7%) to E. durans, 4 (4.8%) to E. gallinarum, 3 (3.5%) to E. casselifavus and 1 (1.2%) to E. thailandicus. Eighty-one isolates gave the same identification result as the MALDI-TOF-MS method (96.43%). The difference between two identification methods has not been found to be statistically significant (p>0.05); however, MALDI-TOF-MS has some advantages over 16S rRNA sequencing, such as being less labor-intensive, more economical and faster. In total, 83.3% of the strains exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. A high incidence of resistance was detected for nalidixic acid, oxacillin, and streptomycin. E. faecalis isolates were found to show lower sensitivity to antibiotics tested than E. faecium (p <0.05). The anti-listerial effect of E. faecalis was determined among all enterococcal isolates (p <0.05). Along with this, a strong correlation was found between L. innocua and L. monocytogenes inhibition. The results of antibacterial activity revealed that enterococci are more effective for the inhibition of Gram-positive food pathogens. Conclusion: The correlation between the results from the two identification methods showed that MALDI-TOF-MS is a fast, economical, robust, and reliable method for the characterization of enterococci. When the results were examined in terms of food safety, it was observed that squeezed cheese produced from raw milk without using starter culture was reservoirs of Enterecoccus spp. with multiple antibiotic resistance. Enterococci, which does not carry multiple antibiotic resistance, can be used in starter culture combinations and in hurdle technology to prevent the growth of Grampositive food pathogens; however, to this end, virulence determinants must be determined to achieve these goals.
Assessment of the compatibility of the real-world nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients in Turkey with the study population of Phase 3 novel oral anticoagulant trials: an auxiliary study of NOAC-TR
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Emren, Sadık; Zoghi, Mehdi; Karagöz, Uğur; İnci, Sinan; Açıksarı, Gönül; Bekar, Lütfü; Emren, Zeynep; Ergene, Oktay
Introduction: Although the indication of novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) treatment in atrial fibrillation (AF) is comparatively similar, Phase 3 NOAC trials have variable inclusion criteria that differentiate each other and also from the real-world population. Aim: We aim to investigate the similarity between real-world nonvalvular AF patients and the population of Phase 3 NOAC trials in terms of eligibility. Methods: A total of 2802 patients using rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban were retrospectively evaluated. All the patients met the exclusion criteria of NOAC Phase 3 trials. These patient population were compared with the population of Phase 3 rivaroxaban (ROCKET-AF), dabigatran (RELY), apixaban (ARISTOTLE), and edoxaban (ENGAGE) trials in terms of inclusion criteria. Furthermore, the patients were stratified on the basis of CHA 2 -DS 2 -VASCc is enaogh score. Results: The proportion of population who met the eligible criteria for ARISTOTLE trial (91%) was different from that of RELY (78%), ROCKET-AF (50%), and ENGAGE (61%) trials (P < 0,001). For the population at intermediate risk (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥1), the proportion which met the inclusion criteria for RE-LY trial (99%) was different from that of ARISTOTLE (91.2%), ROCKET-AF (50%), and ENGAGE trials (61%) (P < 0.001). For the population at high risk (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥2), the proportion which met the inclusion criteria was as follows: 94% for ARISTOTLE, 83% for RELY, 65% for ENGAGE, and 53% for ROCKET-AF trials (P < 0.001). In this population, 38% of patients using rivaroxaban, 46% of patients using dabigatran, and 12% patients of using apixaban did not meet the inclusion criteria for the ROCKET-AF, RE-LY, and ARISTOTLE trials, respectively. Conclusion: Eligibility of the real-world population for NOAC trials is variable. A considerable number of real-world patients using NOAC do not meet the inclusion criteria of the corresponding drug.
Wastewater treatment: synthesis of effective photocatalysts through novel approaches
(Wiley, 2020) Qureshi, Tahira; Bakhshpour, Monireh; Çetin, Kemal; Topçu, Aykut Arif; Denizli, Adil
Treatment of wastewater and reusability of water systems are crucial aspects. Scientists are focusing on performing water treatment with environmentally friendly and cost-effective methodologies. Previously, sewage has been treated with various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists in this field have been applied to a new class of process called advanced oxidation processes predominantly by using heterogenous photo catalysis, which converts photon energy into chemical energy, for wastewater remediation (industrial, agricultural, and domestic runoff). The process of photocatalysis is getting attention as an effective wastewater treatment methodology due to its efficient degradation of diverse pollutants. Certainly, photocatalysis is an eco-friendly and competent process for wastewater remediation to resolve water pollution problems. In this chapter, we discuss novel approaches for preparing various forms of photocatalyst materials. Besides, the insight of the photocatalytic material properties and modifications on synthesis have been explained.
Theoretical approach to the problem of macro-micro relationships in secondary chemistry teaching: a proposal based on observation and inference
(CEUR-WS, 2020) Sarıtaş, Davut; Özcan, Hasan; Adúriz-Bravo, Agustín
The aim of the present study, of elucidative and argumentative nature, is to propose a first draft for a theoretical approach towards establishing well-founded explanatory relationships between the micro and macro levels of chemical knowledge. The establishment of such an aim is done taking into account that “levels” in chemistry are usually regarded as the cause of many misconceptions among secondary students. We first examine the recent literature of chemistry education addressing the “macro-micro problem”. We then redefine that problem, using the aid of the philosophy of science and the specific philosophy of chemistry, in terms of observations and inferences. We draw attention to the theoretical-empirical, explanatory-descriptive, abstract-concrete, general-factual nature of chemical concepts in science education. Finally, we derive some instructional guidelines that intend to be coherent with currently established knowledge in chemistry education research. We indicate some clues for the design of instructional sequences, laboratory practices, and technology-mediated teaching activities that follow the spirit of our theoretical approach.
(1 → 3)-β-d-glucan enhances the toxicity induced by Bortezomib in rat testis
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Akaras, Nurhan; Abuc, Özlem Özgül; Koç, Kübra; Bal, Tuğba; Geyikoğlu, Fatime; Atilay, Hilal; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Yiğit, Serdar; Gül, Murat
We aimed to determine the possible effects of the antioxidant agent (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan on bortezomib-induced rat testis damage. We used five groups of rats; control, (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan (75 mg/kg), bortezomib group, bortezomib + (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan groups (injection of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan after bortezomib and sacrificed at 48th or 72nd h). The effects of these substances were assessed by measuring the levels of the antioxidant enzymes and LPO, and by performing immunohistochemical analysis with NF-κB. The histology of testis was evaluated using aniline blue staining. (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan leads to significant reductions in the levels of antioxidant enzymes and increased levels of LPO in testes. Moreover, it increased the NF-κB immunopositivity significantly in testis, especially in Bortezomib + (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan group at 48th h. The histological changes were observed in the bortezomib and/or (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan groups. Our results demonstrated that testis damage caused by the treatment with bortezomib was not eliminated by (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan and shockingly it increased the damage. Practical applications: The testis damage caused by the treatment with bortezomib was not eliminated by (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan and as a result, β-1,3-(D)-glucan enhanced the toxicity by leading a decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT, thus caused an elevation in the immunoreactivity of NF-κB and altered the histopathological changes by enhancing the toxic effects of bortezomib. The findings of the previous studies about the antioxidative activity of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan are controversial. So, it is necessary to consider the cytotoxicity of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan in testis tissue. Thus, more studies on testis tissue are necessary to confirm that (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan is safe as an antioxidant.
Biomedical applications of layer-by-layer self assembly
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Bozdoğan, Betül; Daban, Gizem; Denkbaş, Emir Baki
Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is the most widely used strategy for the production of functional surfaces with tailored structures and properties such as chemical, biological, optical and electrical. This strategy involves alternately coating the planar or colloidal surfaces with complementary compounds such as oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, inorganic molecules, metal oxides, silica colloids, dyes, clays, nanostructures or biologically active species like enzymes, DNA, viruses, or proteins. The assembly process is driven by noncovalent interactions under mild conditions. LbL is independent of the substrate shape, size or type; environmentally-friendly; high loading capacity of different types of biomolecules into films; allows room temperature processing and low-cost manufacturing. These outstanding advantages of LbL self-assembly make it especially attractive in the biomedical applications. LbL approaches open new horizon for design biocompatible, antimicrobial, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, electrically conductive, chemically stable, hydrolyzable, adhesive, non-adhesive, anti-thrombotic, semipermeable, stimuli-sensitive surfaces and for loading bioactive molecules to design tissue scaffolds, cardiovascular devices, implants, wound healing dressing, bone grafts, biosensors, drug delivery, and release systems.
The concept of involvement and the high involvement model
(Peter Lang AG, 2020) Baritci, Zühal Fidan
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Conspicuous consumption approach: "Veblen's consumption model"
(Peter Lang AG, 2020) Aktan, Ercan
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Age estimation by using multi-layer perceptron neural network with image processing techniques
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Avuçlu, Emre; Başçiftçi, Fatih
A person's identity, age or gender may need to be identified due to natural hazards such as disasters, or legal reasons such as inheritance and age manipulation.. In such cases accurate information may be asked about the identity of the person from the forensic sciences. Forensic science institutions try to make the age estimation process with different human organs (example: teeth, bones etc.). These estimations are approximate estimated values. This study was conducted in order to provide the most accurate reports of forensic sciences. Forensic science makes the determination of age and gender through dental x-ray images. In this study, panoramic dental x-ray images were used to estimate age and gender. The database was created manually, with a total of 562 teeth images of 69 different dental classes. These images were first applied to image pre-processing techniques to achieve better results. After this process, the images were segmented and the feature extraction of images were made. Optional feature reduction was made. Feature vectors as a result of feature extraction process were presented as input to a multilayered perceptron classifier. Segmentation was performed automatically and dynamically. The application was written in C # programming language. The highest 99.9% (full segment) and 100% (not full segment) classification success was achieved by using a multi-layered perceptron network.
Event tourism
(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2020) Can, Mehmet; Can, Çağla Üst
A compilation of current academic studies on the tourism sector of Turkey, the 23 chapters of this book have been written by tourism academicians who are experts in their respective fields. The chapters contain qualitative or quantitative research data and current statistical data, making this book useful for academic research. I thank all the contributors and dedicate this book to my family.

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