Makale Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/230

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Respiratory responses and isocapnic buffering phase in child and youth soccer players during an incremental exercise test
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Selcen; Karakaş, Selçuk; Boyraz, Cumhur; Günaştı, Özgür; Kılcı, Abdullah; Özdemir, Çiğdem; Özgünen, Kerem; Koç, Muhammed; Kurdak, Sadi
This study investigated the respiratory response and isocapnic buffering (IB) phase during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in 16 child soccer players (11.9±0.9 years) and 18 youth soccer players (18.2±2.9 years). Methods: The IB phase was calculated as the difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) between the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and metabolic threshold (MT) and expressed in either absolute or relative values. Results: The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was higher in youth players than in child players. For youth players, VO2max was measured at 55.9 ± 3.6 mL min?1 kg?1 and 74.9 ± 4.8 mL min?1 kg?0.75, while for child players, VO2max was 50.8 ± 4.1 mL min?1 kg?1 and 67.2 ± 6.1 mL min?1 kg?0.75 (p < 0.001). MT and RCP occurred at 69.8 ± 6.7% and 90.9 ± 6.9% of VO2max in child players and at 73.9 ± 5.1% and 91.5 ± 4.5% of VO2max in youth players, respectively. The two groups had no significant difference (p > 0.05). Absolute IB (10.6 ± 2.8 vs 9.7 ± 3.1 mL min?1 kg?1), relative IB (23.1 ± 5.7 vs 19.1 ± 6.1), and the ratio of RCP VO2 to MT VO2 (1.3 ± 0.09 vs 1.24 ± 0.09) were similar in child and youth players (p > 0.05). There was no difference in minute ventilation (V?E, mL min?1 kg?1) and respiratory exchange ratio during exercise between the two groups (p > 0.05). During exercise, respiratory frequency, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2), VE/VCO2 slope, end-tidal O2 pressure were higher in child players than in youth players, while tidal volume (L kg?1), O2 pulse, and end-tidal CO2 pressure were lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite differences in aerobic capacity and ventilatory response to exercise, child players showed similar IB phase as youth players. Although child players have lower ventilation efficiency than youth players, the higher ventilation response for a given VCO2 may provide an advantage in regulating acid-base balance during intense exercise.
The effect of plyometric training on physical performance characteristics and race times in young female 800-m runners
(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2024) Karahan, M.; Elmas, L.; Ünlü, H.
Although plyometric exercises are one of the best training methods with proven effectiveness in different sports, especially in improving physical performance, no study of young women running 800 m has been found. Therefore, this study examines the effects of plyometric exercises included in the traditional training program on the physical performance and race time of 800-m young female runners. Methods: Twenty young female (mean age: 16.6 years) 800-m run athletes voluntarily participated in this study. Athletes were randomly assigned a plyometric training group (PTG, n = 10) or a traditional training group (TTG, n = 10). Both TTG and PTG completed an 8-week training protocol of 70 min per day each. PTG performed plyometric training on two non-consecutive days of five days, while TTG performed only traditional training for five days, Before and after the training program, the athletes conducted a series of tests including a 20-m sprint, vertical jump, and 6 × 35-m running anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Results and conclusions: Both training models induced significant improvements in all parameters tested (P < 0.05). PTG achieved greater improvement than TTG in vertical jump height (5% vs. 2.45%, P < 0.05), explosive power (7.82% vs. 3.84%, P < 0.05), anaerobic power (5.8% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.05), 20-m sprint (3.47% vs 2.11%, P < 0.05), and race time (1.36% vs. 0.66%). This study revealed that plyometric exercise has a more significant effect than traditional training in improving the physical performance characteristics and competition times of young female athletes running 800 m.
Effects of different doses of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on recovery following acute eccentric exercise
(Nurtekin ERKMEN, 2023) Vatansever, Şerife; Pancar, Serkan; Zileli, Raif; Şahin, Senay; Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Topçu, Hüseyin
This study investigated the effect of different amounts of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) supplementation on recovery from eccentric exercise. Nine healthy male subjects undertook 4 trials in a randomized crossover design. Participants ingested either a three different amount (2g, 10g, and 20g) of BCAA supplement or placebo before the eccentric exercise. Muscle pain, hunger, vertical jump, balance, and sprint performance were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise, 1, 24, and 48 h. after exercise. All the variables were checked regarding their normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test and data were presented as means ±SD. A repeated-measure, two factor ANOVA was used to examine differences between the four trials over time for balance, speed, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain change. No differences were found at baseline values for balance, velocity, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain for four trials (p > 0.05). While the main effect of time was statistically significant for balance, speed, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain (p<0.05), the main effect of trial and the interaction effect (time*trial) were not statistically significant. It indicated that the measurements changed during the time, but not influenced by different doses of BCAA. In conclusion, there are no significant effects of different amounts of BCAA supplementation on recovery performance after acute eccentric exercise.
Acute effects of different types of exercises on peripheral neurotrophic factors and cognitive functions in veteran athletes
(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2024) Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Sağdilek, Engin; Taymur, İbrahim; Budak, Ersin; Beyaz, Aylin; Vatansever, Şerife; Pancar, Serkan; Topçu, Hüseyin; Sarandöl, Emre; Şahin, Şenay
Despite the clear relationship between exercise and brain health, our knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger such benefits is still limited. We investigated the acute effects of aerobic running (physical exercise, PE), chess (cognitive exercise, CE), and table tennis (PE + CE) exercises on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and irisin levels and cognitive functions in veteran male athletes. Methods: 10 table tennis athletes (TT), ten long-distance runners (LR), ten chess players (CP) between the ages of 50–65 performed 40 min of exercise sessions in their own branches while ten sedentary controls (SC) rested. Before and immediately after exercise, blood samples were obtained, and cognitive function tests [Stroop (ST), Trail Making A/B (TMT A/B), and Mental Rotation (MR), respectively] were conducted. Results: BDNF and irisin levels increased in the TT group post-exercise (p < 0.05). TT and LR groups showed better TMT A-B, ST, and MR performances post-exercise (p < 0.05), whereas the CP group showed better TMT B and MR performances (p < 0.05). The percent change in BDNF levels in the TT group was greater than CP and SC groups (p < 0.05) whereas there were no significant differences between groups in cognitive test performances. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that performing any routine exercise by veteran athletes has acute beneficial effects on cognitive functions. Table tennis is effective in elevating serum BDNF and irisin levels without additive effect in serum neurotrophic factors and cognitive test performances compared to aerobic running.
Comparison of Recovery Knowledge Levels of Individual and Team Athletes
(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2023) Budak, Hamza
The knowledge level of the athletes about the recovery methods after exercise and the intervals of application of these methods are very important for their next sportive performance. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the knowledge levels and opinions of individual and team athletes about recovery methods after exercise. A total of 227 participants, 115 individual athletes and 112 team athletes were included in the study. Sports Recovery Knowledge Test (SRKT) scale developed by Aydemir et al. (2020) determined the participants' demographic characteristics, habits, level of knowledge and views on recovery methods. In the analysis of the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, t-tests and ANOVA tests, which are parametric tests, were used to determine the difference between the groups in normally distributed data. In terms of the type of sports branch, it was determined that 6 (5.2%) of the individual athletes had a weak level of SRKT, 84 (73.1%) were at a moderate level and 25 (21.7%) were at a good level. It was determined that 5 (4.5%) of these values were weak, 86 (76.7%) moderate and 21 (18.8%) good in team athletes. It was determined that the SRKT score was 53.22 points in individual athletes and 54.04 points in team athletes, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (p>0.05). As a result, it can be said that there is no significant difference between the Sports Recovery Knowledge Test levels of individual and team athletes in this study.
Sabit ve sabit olmayan zeminlerde uygulanan şınav egzersizi sırasında kas aktivasyonlarının karşılaştırılması
(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2023) Topçu, Hüseyin; Arabacı, Ramiz; Güngör, Ali Kamil; Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Pancar, Serkan
Bu çalışmada, instabilite cihazlarında ve sabit zeminde yapılan şınav egzersizi sırasında Pectoralis Majör (PM), Antreior Deltoid (AD) ve Triceps Brachii (TB) kaslarının elektromiyografik aktivasyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 18-25 yaş aralığında 25 katılımcı, sabit bir yüzey, her iki taraf da kullanılan top (BOSU), Pilates topu ve Fonksiyonel egzersiz bandı (TRX) üzerinde çapraz geçişli deney tasarımında şınav egzersizi uyguladı. Katılımcılar 2 saniye iniş, 2 saniye çıkış fazı olmak üzere 3 tekrardan oluşan şınav hareketini sırasıyla 4 zeminde uyguladı. Egzersiz sırasında PM, AD ve TB kaslarının amplitüdünü belirlemek için yüzey elektromiyografisi (sEMG) kullanıldı. sEMG genliği, kasların izometrik kasılmaları sırasında en yüksek tepe tork değerini veren maksimum istemli kasılma (MİK) yöntemi kullanılarak normalleştirildi. PM kasında TRX’te sabit zemin ve BOSU’ya göre önemli ölçüde daha yüksek normalize sEMG amplitüdü (%MİK) değerleri tespit edildi. AD kasında Pilates topunda diğer zeminlere göre önemli ölçüde daha düşük %MİK değerleri tespit edildi. TB kasında sabit yüzey ve BOSU’ya kıyasla TRX ve Pilates topunda önemli ölçüde daha yüksek %MİK değerleri tespit edilirken BOSU’da sabit zemine göre daha yüksek değerler tespit edildi. TRX’te şınav PM, AD, TB kasları için daha fazla zorluk isteyen antrenörler için iyi bir seçenek olabilirken; AD kası için şınav egzersizinde pilates topunu tercih etmek doğru olmayabilir.
Acute effects of different types of exercises on insulin-like growth factor-1, homocysteine and cortisol levels in veteran athletes
(Effect Publishing Agency ( EPA ), 2022) Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Vatansever, Şerife; Topçu, Hüseyin; Şahin, Şenay; Sağdilek, Engin; Taymur, İbrahim; Budak, Ersin; Beyaz, Aylin; Sarandöl, Emre; Pancar, Serkan
This study aimed to investigate acute effects of table tennis(physical+cognitive exercise), aerobic running (physical exercise), and chess (cognitive exercise) exercise sessions of veteran male athletes in their branches on the serum homocysteine (Hcy), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol (Cor) levels. Thirty veteran athletes [10 table tennis players (TT), 10 long-distance runners (LR), 10 chess players (CP)] and 10 sedentary controls (SC) between 50 and 65 years of age participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise to determine serum Hcy, IGF-1, and Cor levels. According to their branch, each veteran athlete performed exercise sessions (70-75% of the participants' heart rate reserve) of 10-min of warm-up followed by 40-min of table tennis, aerobic running, or chess. TT and LR groups demonstrated significant increases in the serum IGF-1, Cor, and Hcy levels from pre to post-exercise (p<0.05). In contrast, the CP group showed significant increases only in the serum Hcy levels (p<0.05). Serum IGF-1 and Hcy, in response to exercise, were not significantly different between exercise groups (p>0.05). LR group had a greater serum Cor increase than all exercise groups (p<0.05). The TT group showed significantly greater changes in serum Cor levels than the CP group (p<0.05). In conclusion, although a single bout of aerobic running and table tennis exercise induces a remarkable increase in all measured biomarkers, chess exercise only elicits an increase in Hcy levels. Although aerobic running is more effective in increasing Cor levels than other types of exercise, the current study's findings suggest that serum Hcy and IGF-1 levels in veteran male athletes are not affected by the type of exercise.
Changes in physical performance characteristics of female volleyball players during regional division competitions
(Universidad de Murcia, 2022) Karahan, Mustafa; Çolak, Mergül
This study aims to examine the seasonal changes in the physical performance of female volleyball players competing in the regional division. Forty-three volunteer female players (age: 22 ± 2.1 years, height: 172.9 ± 4 cm, weight: 61.5 ± 6 kg, experience: 8.8 years) competing in the same group of the regional division of the Turkish volleyball league participated in this study. Players participated in a series of test protocols including the 20m shuttle-run, T-run, 20m sprint, vertical jump, and running anaerobic sprint (RAST) in the beginning, mid, and ending of the 16-week competition season. The results showed that all tested physical performance characteristics of the players improved significantly in both the first and second periods of the competition season. However, the improvements in the first period were significantly higher than in the second period for VO2max (4.7 vs 1.5%, p<0.05), anaerobic power (6.6 vs 1.9%, p<0.05), vertical jump height (3.46 vs 1.54%, p<0.05), explosive power (4.48 vs 3.72%, p<0.05), 20-m sprint (2.4 vs 0.98%, p<0.05) and change of direction abilities (0.9 vs 0.7%, p<0.05). This study indicated that the prolonged competition season might induce significant functional improvements in the physical fitness profile of female volleyball players competing in the regional division.
Physical education teachers' attitudes towards intellectual disabled students
(Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, 2021) Ergin, Muart; Bozdağ, Berkan
The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of physical education (PE) teachers towards students with intellectual disabilities by taking various variables into consideration. A total of 351 PE teachers from 51 provinces participated in the research. The Shapiro-Wilk test, Independent Sample t test, ANOVA test, and LSD test were used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, in the "Supports", "Acceptance", and "Fears" sub-dimensions of PE teachers aged 30 years or younger, and in the "Supports" and "Acceptance" sub-dimensions of PE teachers with 10 years of service or less were found to showing more a positive attitude when compared to the PE teachers in other groups. The PE teachers who had experience with students with special needs (SN) showed more positive attitudes towards students with intellectual disabilities in the "Benefits", "Supports", and "Acceptance" sub-dimensions when compared to the PE teachers who had no experience. It was determined that PE teachers who took Sports for People with Disabilities course show more positive attitudes towards students with intellectual disabilities in the "Benefits", "Supports" and "Fears" sub-dimensions than the teachers who did not take this course. There was no statistically significant difference between the attitude scores of the PE teachers towards students with intellectual disability in terms of gender. In future studies, the reasons why PE teachers' attitudes towards students with SN are positive or negative can be investigated. Moreover, it can be investigated as to why there is a difference between the attitudes of male and female PE teachers towards students with SN.
The effects of acute moderate intensity training on hematological parameters in elite para-badminton athletes
(JOMH, 2022) Erdoğdu, Murat; Yüksel, Mehmet Fatih; Işık, Bülent; Boyalı, Ekrem; Erdağı, Kenan; Sevindi, Tarık
Background and objective: The knowledge on the effects of para-badminton sport on physiological parameters is relatively limited in the literature. This study aims to examine the effects of moderate intensity badminton training on the hematological parameters of elite para-badminton athletes. Methods: A total of 12 para-badminton athletes, 6 female and 6 male, with international competitive experience in the Turkish Para-Badminton National Team, participated in the study. A 90-minute badminton training was applied to the athletes for their technical and tactical development. A 4 mL blood sample was taken before and after the training. Hematological parameters were analyzed from these blood samples. White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets count, and their particular subgroups such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, granulocytes, and lymphocytes were examined as the hematological parameters in this study. Results: The findings revealed that the female para-badminton athletes exhibited a significant increase in white blood cells, granulocytes percentage, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets values after training compared to pre-training. It was determined that there were significant increases in white blood cells, granulocytes, granulocytes percentage, red blood cells, and hematocrit values for male para-badminton athletes after training compared to pre-training, and significant decreases in lymphocytes percentage values. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed that a single 90-minute moderate-intensity badminton training session leads to physiological changes on the blood parameters of elite parabadminton athletes. These changes, which differ by gender, can affect the health and performance of the athlete.
Effect of skill-based training vs. small-sided games on physical performance improvement in young soccer players
(Institute of Sport, 2020) Karahan, Mustafa
Recently, there has been increasing attention to research related to the effect of skill-based or game-based training on soccer players' physical performance. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of skill-based training (SBT) at maximum intensity versus the small-sided game (SSG) on the physical performance characteristics of young soccer players during the pre-season period. Twenty-Two male soccer players (mean age 15.3 ± 3 years) were randomly assigned to either an SBT or SSG fully controlled intervention programme, running parallel for eight weeks and held twice a week. On three non-consecutive days before and after training players completed a test battery consisting of the 20 m sprint, T-run, countermovement jump, running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and 20 m shuttle run. Data were analysed with a two-way ANOVA test for repeated measures. SBT and SSG interventions induced a significant improvement in the anaerobic power (10.9% vs 6.2%), explosive power (8.5% vs 5.6%), VO2max (6.7% vs 6.5%) and vertical jump (5.3% vs 2.9%), respectively. When the improvements in the physical performance variables of both groups are compared, the SBT group achieved greater improvement than the SSG group in anaerobic power (by 4.7%), in explosive power (by 2.8%), in vertical jumping (by 2.3%), in the 20 m sprint (by 2.2%) and T-Test scores (by 1.7%). However, improvements in the VO2max were similar in both groups. The results of the present study suggest that SBT at maximum intensity may be more effective than SSG in improving the physical performance characteristics of young soccer players in the pre-competitive season.
Investigation of thiol/disulfide balance and IMA value before and after training in elite female weightlifters
(Mattioli 1885, 2020) Sevindi, Tarık
Study Objectives: Doing exercise has certain acute and chronic effects on the body. As part of the metabolic processes, the cells in our body constantly produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during aerobic cellular metabolism, while the antioxidant defense system tries to adapt to this condition. Any change in this balanced state in favor of ROS is considered oxidative stress. Thiol-disulfide balance is a unique, easy, and new method for determining oxidative stress. Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) tissue ischemia is accepted as a new indicator specifically revealing oxidative stress. In the accessible literature in the sports sciences field, no previous studies have been found on the thiol/disulfide balance and IMA value, which have recently been discovered to be among the biomarkers of oxidative stress. Therefore, it was aimed to investigate the thiol/disulfide balance and IMA value in elite female weightlifters before and after training. Methods: The study group of this research was comprised of elite female weightlifters (N= 12) who participated in competitions on behalf of the Turkish National Weightlifting Team, had a training history of at least 5 years, and who were training 5 days a week and above. Oxidative stress parameters (native-thiol, total thiol, disulfide values, and calculated parameters disulfide/native-thiol, disulfide/total thiol and natural thiol/total thiol ratios) and IMA levels of these athletes were evaluated before the training (Group-I) and after the training (Group-II). Results: It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between Group I and II. Conclusion: It can be mentioned that elite female weightlifters in the study provided metabolic adaptation to the training they performed, and the compensation of antioxidant defense was good. This was interpreted that the participants could continue to the next level of heavier training. Since there is only a limited number of studies on this subject, it is considered that the results confirm the need for more comprehensive training plans
Physical performance characteristics of university male tennis players in division I and II
(National olympic committee of Ukraine, 2019) Kaya, Özkatar E.
Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the physical performance characteristics of Division-I (D-I) and Division-II (D-II) university male tennis players and to evaluate whether these characteristics could be determinative on the divisional differentiation. Material: Twenty athletes who compete in D=I (n=10) and D-II (n=10) of Turkey university tennis league (n=10) and also ranked in top-ten in their division voluntarily participated in this study. Results: Measurement of agility, upper and lower body explosive powers, fatigue index, aerobic and anaerobic powers was conducted on two non-consecutive days. Significant differences were observed in physical performance characteristics powers between the groups (p<0.05). D-I players had significantly greater anaerobic power, agility, vertical jump height, upper and lower body explosive powers, and lower fatigue index level than D-II players. However, aerobic power did not differ between groups. Conclusions: It may be possible that these results allow us to suggest that physical performance characteristics should be regarded as one of the important discriminative factors in determining the competitive level of university male tennis players.
The effect of skill-based maximal intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic performance of female futsal players
(Instytut Sportu/Institute of Sport, 2012) Karahan, Mustafa
This study examined the effects of skill-based maximal intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic performance variables among female futsal players. The study included 12 elite female futsal players (training group, TG) from university league division I and 12 physically active female sports-school students (control group, CG). The CG completed volleyball and basketball courses (each 2 hours per week) as part of their school programs; the TG completed an 8-week training program (non-sequential, 4 days per week). Aerobic and anaerobic performance variables were measured before and after the training program via a 20m shuttle run and running anaerobic sprint tests (RAST). Average anaerobic power, fatigue index and VO2max of TG improved by 10.7%, 22.1% and 9.6% (p<0.05), respectively. These findings demonstrate that skill-based maximal intensity interval training had significant effects on both aerobic and anaerobic performance variables of female futsal players. The results suggest that this training model may be useful as a training efficiency tool among futsal coaches.
Effects of acute L-carnitine supplementation on nitric oxide production and oxidative stress after exhaustive exercise in young soccer players
(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2015) Atalay Güzel, N.; Erikoğlu Örer, Gamze; Bircan, Filiz Sezen; Coşkun, Şule
Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute L-carnitine supplementation at two different doses on nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress after exhaustive exercise. Methods. The subjects were 26 healthy males aged 17-19 years. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 13 each and received 3 or 4 g L-carnitine via a glass of fruit juice. After 1 h, the treadmill test was started at a speed of 8 km/h, afterwards increasing the speed 1 km/h every 3 min with a 1 min rest before every speed increase until exhaustion. Venous blood samples were collected again within 5 min following the exercise test. One week later, the test was repeated on the same athletes with placebo fluids. All subjects received a placebo via a glass of fruit juice. 1 h after the same exercise protocol mentioned above was performed and blood samples were drawn immediately. These plasma samples were used for measurement of nitrate-nitrite (NOx), which are known to be the stable end products of NO, TBARs as a lipid peroxidation indicator and an antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels. Results and conclusion. The results of this study have shown that L-carnitine applied at a 3 g dose provides strong antioxidant action by increasing the GSH and NOx level and decreasing the TBARs level.
A comparative study on the physical fitness and performance of male basketball players in different divisions
(Niğde Üniversitesi, 2012) Korkmaz, Cihat; Karahan, Mustafa
There is a lack of information about the influence of different practice levels on physical fitness and performance variables of male basketball players competing in different divisions. Hence, the purpose of this study is to compare selected physical fitness and performance variables of male players in Turkey National Basketball League’s Division I (D1), II (D2) and III (D3=Regional) and to evaluate whether players with different divisional characteristics have different physical fitness and performance variables. From the Turkey basketball league, ninety male basketball players who are competing in the division I (n=30), division II (n=30) and division III (n=30) voluntarily participated in the study. Physical fitness (body height, mass and fat percentage) and performance (vertical jump height (VJH), vertical jump power (VJP), VO2max and 20 m sprint) measurements were taken in three separate consecutive days following the completion of the first session. D1 and D3 players overall weighed more and D1 players had more body fat (BF) and lean body mass (LBM) than D2. There were significant differences in VJP between divisions (D1>D2>D3= p<0.05), but, the differences in sprint ability and body height were not significant. Although there was no difference between D1 and D2 in VO2max and VJH, their values were significantly higher than D3 (p<0.05). These results showed that in spite of relatively little differences in the average physical characteristics, there were very large statistical differences between divisions in physical performance variables of male basketball players, especially VJP and LBM which is an important criterion of performance at basketball.
The effects of aerobic dance exercise on body composition changes associated with weight change in sedentary women
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2011) Çakmakçı, Evrim; Arslan, Fatma; Taşkın, Halil; Çakmakçı, Oktay
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of aerobic dance exercise on body composition in sedentary overweight women. In this study, Total 55 adult sedentary women participated as volunteers. The age, height and weight averages of the subjects exercise and control group were respectively 35,10±9,12 years, 1,60±5,22 m and 68,55±6,73 kg (n=29) and 30,27±10,85 years, 1,59±5,53 cm and 61,25±8,38 kg (n=26). Body composition (via skinfolds caliper), waist hip ratio, waist circumference were measured and body fat percentage, Basal Metabolic Rate and Lean Body Mass were calculated at sedentary women. The measurements were taken twice as before and after aerobic-dance exercise being applied an 8-week series of one hour exercise three days per week. The control group did not participate in any physical activity during the six-week period. There were significant differences between pretest and posttest for weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, metabolic and body composition parameters in exercise group (p<0,05). Besides there were significantly decreased body weight, Lean Body Mass, Basal Metabolic Rate and fat percentage (p<0,05). Furthermore, there were not significant differences between pretest and posttest for waist circumference, waist hip ratio, body composition parameters, Lean Body Mass, Basal Metabolic Rate, body weight and body fat percentage in control group(p>0,05). As a result, it can be say that aerobic dance exercise at a moderate intensity and duration can improve physical fitness and can decrease body fat percentage, Lean Body Mass and Basal Metabolic Rate during weight loss.
Eğitilebilir zihinsel engelli erkek çocukların bazı motor becerilerine antrenmanın etkisi
(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2007) Karahan, Mustafa; Demir, Rıfat; Şahin, İbrahim; Süel, Emin
Bu çalışma, antrenmanların Eğitilebilir Zihinsel Engelli (EZE) çocukların bazı motor becerilerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla planlandı. Çalışmaya yaş, boy, ve IQ ortalama değerleri sırasıyla 14 yıl, 154 cm, 59,1puan olan 11 adet eğitilebilir zihinsel engelli erkek çocuk katıldı. Antrenman programından üç gün önce ve sonra Hastad ve Lacy (1989) ve Vannier ve Fait (1975)’in önerdiği bazı motor yetenek testleri uygulandı. Antrenman programları haftada üç gün 10 hafta süreyle uygulandı. Bulgular, paired sample t testi ile bilgisayar ortamında değerlendirildi. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sağlık topu fırlatma, 27m (25 yard) koşu, genel vücut esnekliği, durarak uzun atlama ve disklere dokunma değerleri istatistiksel olarak önemli bulundu (p<0,01). Statik denge ve reaksiyon zamanlarındaki gelişmeler ise anlamlı bulunmadı (p>0,05). Bu araştırmada, düzenli antrenmanlarla EZE çocukların bazı motor becerilerinin önemli derecede geliştiği görüldü.
The effects of preparation period exercises on the hematological parameters of the taekwondo athletes
(Natl Olympic Committee Ukraine, Kharkov Regional Branch, 2019) Boyalı, E.; Sevindi, Tarık; Yüksel, M. F.; Demir, H.
Purpose: This study aimed at examining the effects of preparation period exercises, which were applied for eight weeks to elite level taekwondo athletes, on the hematological parameters. Material: Totally 21 athletes with international degrees from the university taekwondo team participated in this study, 12 of whom were female (Mean age: 20.3 - Mean exercise age: 8.8) and 9 of whom were male athletes (Mean age: 20.3 - Mean exercise age: 9.5). The participants attended an 8-week exercise program for 5 days a week, which included basic motoric features and technical and tactical development. 4 cc blood samples were taken from the right antecubital vein before and after the preparation period exercises. On the blood samples,WBC, GRAN, GRAN %, LYM, LYM %, MID and MID % values were examined among leukocyte sub-groups; RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDWC values were examined among the erythrocyte sub-groups, and PLT, MPV, PCT and PDW values were examined among thrombocyte sub-groups. Results: At the end of the study, we determined that there was a statistically significant increase in the MCHC values of both the male and the female taekwondo athletes. Moreover, it was determined that there were statistically significant decreases in the HCT, MCV, MCH, MPV and PCT values of the female taekwondo athletes, and in the MCV, MPV and PCT values of the male taekwondo athletes. Conclusions: As a conclusion, we can state that the 8-week exercises applied during the preparation period affected the hematological parameters of the male and female taekwondo athletes to an extent, however, this effect was limited and it did not cause an important change.
The effects of acute l-carnıtıne supplementatıon on endurance performance of athletes
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Erikoğlu Örer, Gamze; Güzel, Nevin A.
Orer, GE and Guzel, NA. The effects of acute l-carnitine supplementation on endurance performance of athletes. J Strength Cond Res 28(2): 514-519, 2014This study examined the effect of acute l-carnitine loading on the endurance performance of footballers. Measurements were performed on 26 candidate professional footballers who volunteered to take part in the study. Athletes were given a glass of fruit juice 1 hour before applying l-carnitine with the double-blind method. Then, 12 participants were given 3 g of l-carnitine (LK-3) and the remaining 14 were given 4 g (LK-4). Athletes began the exercise test at a running speed of 8 kmh(-1) and then continued at 10 kmh(-1). The speed was increased 1 kmh(-1) every 3 minutes, and the test continued until the subject chose to quit. Heart rate was registered using a portable telemetric heart rate monitor during the test. Blood samples were taken from the earlobes of the footballers both before the test and before the speed increase (during the 1-minute interval), and the lactate (La) concentration was measured electroenzymatically. The test was repeated after 1 week as a group of placebos (P-3 and P-4). The result showed that the running speeds corresponding to specific La concentrations were increased, and La and heart rate responses to the running speeds were decreased in both supplemented groups compared with placebos (p 0.05). A significant reduction in heart rate was found in LK-4 and P-4 (p 0.05). When the Borg responses to the running speeds were analyzed, a significant difference was found in both supplemented groups (p 0.05). The results show that 3 or 4 g of l-carnitine taken before physical exercise prolonged exhaustion.

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