Kudâme b. Ca‘fer’in Şiir Tenkidine Yapılan Eleştirilerin Değerlendirilmesi: Yunan Felsesefesi ve Mantık İlminden Etkilenmesi Örneği
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Mantık, felsefe, kamu yönetimi ve edebiyat alanında eserleri bulunan Abbâsîler dönemi meşhur kâtiplerinden Kudâme b. Ca‘fer (ö. 337/948 [?]), Nakdü’ş-ş‘ir adlı eseriyle şiirin iyisinden kötüsünü ayırt etmeyi amaçlamış ve bunun için bazı ölçütler koymuştur. Bu ölçütleri açıklarken mantık ilmine ait ıstılahlara ve Yunan filozofların görüşlerine de yer vermiştir. Bu itibarla son dönem dil alimlerinden Ömer Ferruh (ö. 1987), Bedevî Tabâne (ö. 2000) ve İhsan Abbas (ö. 2003) onun, şiiri değerlendirirken Yunan felsefesi ve mantığından etkilendiğini ve mantık ilminin usulüne göre ölçütler belirlediğini iddia edip, şiirin duyguya hitap eden yönünü sınırlamaya çalıştığı için onu eleştirmişlerdir. Eseriyle Arap şiiri tenkidinin gelişmesinde büyük bir rolü olan Kudâme b. Cafer’in bu şekilde eleştirilmesi, üzerinde araştırma yapılmayı hak eden bir durumdur. Bu makaledeki temel amaç Kudâme b. Cafer’e yöneltilen eleştirilerin değerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu itibarla yapılan eleştiriler belirli başlıklar altında toplanarak eleştirinin mahiyeti belirlenmiş, sonrasında Kudâme b. Cafer’in eleştiriye konu olan görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Ancak eleştirinin değerlendirilmesini doğru bir şekilde yapabilmek için Kudâme b. Cafer’in diğer görüşlerine de yer verilmiş böylece onun konuya dair görüşleri tam olarak tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Kudâme b. Cafer öncesi şiir eleştirisindeki durumun geldiği seviye hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Böylece onun şiir tenkidinde kendisinden öncekilerden nasıl etkilendiği de anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmada Kudâme b. Ca‘fer’e yöneltilen eleştirilerin zayıf, konuyu ihata etmeyen sınırlı sayıdaki örnekler neticesinde meydana geldiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Qud?ma Ibn Ja?far who has works in the fields of logic, philosophy, public administration and literature was one of the famous clerks of the Abbasid period. He has tried to determine the difference between the good and the bad poems with his work called Naqd al-shi?r and set some criteria for this. While explaining these criteria, he also included the terms of the science of logic and the views of Greek philosophers. In this respect, recent language scholars ‘Umar Ferr?kh (d. 1987), Badaw? Tabb?neh (d. 2000) and I?s?n Abb?s (d. 2003) criticized him for trying to limit the emotional aspect of poetry, claiming that he was influenced by Greek philosophy and logic while evaluating poetry, and that the science of logic determined criteria according to its method. The main purpose of this article is to reveal the value of the criticisms directed at Qud?ma. In this respect, the criticisms made are gathered under certain headings and the nature of the criticism is tried to be revealed, and then Qud?ma’s views that are the subject of criticism are included. However, in order to evaluate the criticism correctly, Qud?ma’s other views on the subject are also included, so his views on the subject have been tried to be fully revealed. In addition, in the study the level of the situation in poetry criticism before Qud?ma will be revealed. Thus, it will be understood how he was influenced by his predecessors in his criticism of poetry. In the study, it has been concluded that the criteria of falling into the impossible and extremism in poetry, which are at the center of the criticism, are not fully understood, so the criticisms against Qud?ma remain weak.
Qud?ma Ibn Ja?far who has works in the fields of logic, philosophy, public administration and literature was one of the famous clerks of the Abbasid period. He has tried to determine the difference between the good and the bad poems with his work called Naqd al-shi?r and set some criteria for this. While explaining these criteria, he also included the terms of the science of logic and the views of Greek philosophers. In this respect, recent language scholars ‘Umar Ferr?kh (d. 1987), Badaw? Tabb?neh (d. 2000) and I?s?n Abb?s (d. 2003) criticized him for trying to limit the emotional aspect of poetry, claiming that he was influenced by Greek philosophy and logic while evaluating poetry, and that the science of logic determined criteria according to its method. The main purpose of this article is to reveal the value of the criticisms directed at Qud?ma. In this respect, the criticisms made are gathered under certain headings and the nature of the criticism is tried to be revealed, and then Qud?ma’s views that are the subject of criticism are included. However, in order to evaluate the criticism correctly, Qud?ma’s other views on the subject are also included, so his views on the subject have been tried to be fully revealed. In addition, in the study the level of the situation in poetry criticism before Qud?ma will be revealed. Thus, it will be understood how he was influenced by his predecessors in his criticism of poetry. In the study, it has been concluded that the criteria of falling into the impossible and extremism in poetry, which are at the center of the criticism, are not fully understood, so the criticisms against Qud?ma remain weak.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arap Dili ve Belâgati, Kudâme b. Ca‘fer, Şiir, Edebî Tenkit, Yunan Felsefesi, Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Qud?ma Ibn Ja?far, Poem, Criticism, Greek Philosophy
Kaynak
Mütefekkir
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
N/A
Cilt
10
Sayı
19
