Natural sporopollenin microcarriers: Morphological insights into their functional performance for drug encapsulation and release

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dc.contributor.authorAylanc, Volkan
dc.contributor.authorPeixoto, Andreia F.
dc.contributor.authorAkyüz, Lalehan
dc.contributor.authorVale, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorFreire, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorFreire, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorVilas-Boas, Miguel
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-09T11:20:06Z
dc.date.available2025-07-09T11:20:06Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentSabire Yazıcı Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi
dc.description.abstractNatural sporopollenin microcapsules (SMCs) derived from pollen offer versatility and efficiency for different applications, from environmental remediation to food and therapeutics delivery. A critical gap remains in understanding the relationship between SMCs morphologies and their effectiveness in drug loading and delivery. Herein, we encapsulated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a model anticancer drug, into SMCs derived from seven bee monofloral pollens, each exhibiting distinct morphological features, and examined how their loading and release performance correlated with their morphology. Microscopic and particle size analyses revealed that the chemically purified SMCs were hollow, with sizes ranging from 11.0 to 35.6 μm, without significant size changes after drug loading. Encapsulation efficiency achieved through vacuum-assisted loading (18–28 %) generally surpassed that of passive and compression loading techniques. Moreover, there was a trend of increasing encapsulation efficiency with larger SMC sizes, albeit with some exceptions. In a sequential release environment simulating the in vitro gastrointestinal tract and colonic fermentation, smaller SMCs exhibited a faster release profile, whereas larger ones demonstrated a slower sustained release. The quantity and shape of apertures on SMCs walls significantly impacted their drug-loading capacity and release characteristics. Additionally, natural SMCs remained structurally intact even in the presence of digestive enzymes, varying pH levels, and colonic bacteria, indicating minimal degradation under these conditions. Overall, the findings highlight the significant influence of SMCs morphologies on their functional performance and provide a list of SMCs-based microstructures to guide drug release applications.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144384
dc.identifier.pmid40393598
dc.identifier.scopus105005257183
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144384
dc.identifier.uri01418130
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/13225
dc.identifier.volume314
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001498916300010
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorAkyüz, Lalehan
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Biological Macromolecules
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectBee Pollen Pellet
dc.subjectGreen Carriers
dc.subjectSustained Drug Loading/release
dc.titleNatural sporopollenin microcarriers: Morphological insights into their functional performance for drug encapsulation and release
dc.typeArticle

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