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High nuclear genetic diversity of Birecik semi-wild population of endangered Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) from Turkey
(Resilience Alliance, 2025) Çakmak, Emel; Pekşen, Çiğdem Akın; Boran, Beril; Hatipoğlu, Taner; Bilgin, C. CanÇakmak
The Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) is an endangered species. The western population is estimated to be approximately 700 individuals, located in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. In contrast, the eastern population, now semi-wild, is approximately 300 birds, situated in Birecik, Turkey. Recent reintroduction attempts in Europe have relied exclusively on captive populations derived from the western population and have been accompanied by research on their genetic structure and diversity. However, to date there has been no comprehensive study of a similar nature on the eastern population. In this study, we used five polymorphic microsatellite markers that are specific to the Bald Ibis to investigate the genetic diversity in 100 individuals of the Birecik population. We further sequenced the mitochondrial ND5 fragment in 46 adult individuals in order to reveal genetic differences between the eastern and western populations. Despite the limited number of founder individuals, the nuclear diversity of the Birecik population exhibited a high level of diversity, as measured by allelic richness and expected heterozygosity. However, mtDNA ND5 sequencing revealed a single haplotype (eastern haplotype 1) in all individuals of the eastern population, which differs from the haplotype (western haplotype 1) found in the western population by a single nucleotide. A specific mutation in mtDNA haplotypes, different migratory behavior, and highly restricted gene flow resulting from a long period of breeding as a semi-wild population, combined with geographical isolation, suggest that the eastern population (now only represented by the Birecik semi-wild population) is distinct from the western population. This unexpectedly high genetic diversity indicates the Birecik semi-wild population could act as the source population for reintroduction elsewhere.
Exploring Phlomis crinita extracts: HPLC analysis, phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials
(Pamukkale University, 2025) Chelgham, Abdelhakim; Saadi, Abdelkader; Merouane, Abdelaziz; Bensouici, Chawki; ÇçAKakmak, Yavuz Selim
Phlomis crinita Cav. (P. crinita), known as " Khayat el-djerah " in Algerian folk medicine, is used for wound healing and abdominal pain relief. This study assessed the phytochemical profile, phenolic content, antimicrobial activity against five Gram-negative and three Gram-positive clinical bacterial strains, as well as in vitro antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves (HLE), flowers (HFE), and rhizomes (HRE) of P. crinita. Fifteen phenolic compounds such as four flavonoids, trans-cinnamic acid, six cinnamic acid derivatives, and four benzoic acid derivatives were identified for the first time in P. crinita by HPLC-DAD, with quantitative differences among the analyzed parts._HRE exhibited high levels of total phenolics (262.97 ± 16.2 μg GAE/mg DW) and flavonoids (71.87 ± 3.25 μg QE/mg DW), while HLE had the highest flavonols content (18.89 ± 5.12 μg QE/mg DW). All extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant properties. HLE exhibited the highest potency, with IC50 values of 15.46 ± 0.45 µg/mL (DPPH) and 11.71 ± 0.50 µg/mL (ABTS). HLE exhibited good reducing power (FRAP A0.5 = 40.07 ± 2.82 µg/mL), while HRE showed the best reducing power (Phenanthroline A0.5 = 7.88 ± 1.63 µg/mL). All extracts revealed broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, and HRE exhibited the most potent activity against Enterococcus faecalis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.25 mg/mL. These results showed that P. crinita could be useful as source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and food industry.
Natural sporopollenin microcarriers: Morphological insights into their functional performance for drug encapsulation and release
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Aylanc, Volkan; Peixoto, Andreia F.; Akyüz, Lalehan; Vale, Nuno; Freire, Cristina; Freire, Cristina; Vilas-Boas, Miguel
Natural sporopollenin microcapsules (SMCs) derived from pollen offer versatility and efficiency for different applications, from environmental remediation to food and therapeutics delivery. A critical gap remains in understanding the relationship between SMCs morphologies and their effectiveness in drug loading and delivery. Herein, we encapsulated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a model anticancer drug, into SMCs derived from seven bee monofloral pollens, each exhibiting distinct morphological features, and examined how their loading and release performance correlated with their morphology. Microscopic and particle size analyses revealed that the chemically purified SMCs were hollow, with sizes ranging from 11.0 to 35.6 μm, without significant size changes after drug loading. Encapsulation efficiency achieved through vacuum-assisted loading (18–28 %) generally surpassed that of passive and compression loading techniques. Moreover, there was a trend of increasing encapsulation efficiency with larger SMC sizes, albeit with some exceptions. In a sequential release environment simulating the in vitro gastrointestinal tract and colonic fermentation, smaller SMCs exhibited a faster release profile, whereas larger ones demonstrated a slower sustained release. The quantity and shape of apertures on SMCs walls significantly impacted their drug-loading capacity and release characteristics. Additionally, natural SMCs remained structurally intact even in the presence of digestive enzymes, varying pH levels, and colonic bacteria, indicating minimal degradation under these conditions. Overall, the findings highlight the significant influence of SMCs morphologies on their functional performance and provide a list of SMCs-based microstructures to guide drug release applications.
Nanoliposomal Encapsulation and Purification of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Peptides from Ulva rigida
(American Chemical Society, 2025) Şensu, Eda; Koku, Harun; Demircan, Evren; Şişman, Sebahat; Gülseren, İbrahim; Karaduman, Tuğçe; Çakır, Bilal; Okudan, Emine Şükran; Duruksu, Gökhan; Özçelik, Beraat; Yücetepe, Aysun
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from natural sources may be effective in the treatment of hypertension without causing side effects compared with existing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Naturally derived antihypertensive peptides are therefore considered a promising alternative for the prevention or treatment of hypertension. Therefore, the study aimed to purify and identify ACE-inhibitory peptides from the green macroalgae Ulva rigida. In addition, the encapsulation of the purified peptides showed the highest ACE-inhibitory activity by chitosan-coated nanoliposomes, and the characterization of nanoliposomes was evaluated. Protein hydrolysates were obtained from U. rigida through enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysates were separated into molecular weights of <3, <5, and <10 kDa through ultrafiltration membrane separation (UFMS). The <3 kDa fraction (UFMS-3) that exhibited the highest ACE-inhibitory activity (77.02%, 1 mg/mL) was purified using ion-exchange chromatography. Fraction-1 (IEC-F1) obtained from the ion-exchange purification showed an impressive 82.03% ACE-inhibitory activity. Moreover, peptide sequences of IEC-F1 were identified by LC-MS/MS, and their bioactive properties were determined in silico. After that, IEC-F1, with a strong ACE-inhibitory activity, was loaded into chitosan-coated nanoliposomes to improve their stability for encapsulation. Physical stability (ζ-potential, polydispersity index, particle size), thermal (DSC) and morphological properties (SEM), and FT-IR analyses were carried out for the characterization of nanoliposomes. Encapsulation efficiency was found to be 92.0 ± 4.5%. After encapsulation, the ACE-inhibitory activity of IEC-F1 was protected by 37.5%. Overall, the obtained findings indicate that the hydrolysate produced by the successive hydrolysis of U. rigida macroalgae with pepsin and trypsin contains peptides with strong ACE-inhibitory action. Furthermore, the chitosan-coated nanoliposome method was determined to be an effective carrier for the delivery of peptide fractions, showing ACE-inhibitory activity. The formulation of chitosan-coated nanoliposomes for peptide fractions from U. rigida represents an innovative approach that allows the development of functional and stable products.
MXene-modified PMMA/chitosan composite e-skin scaffold: Bioelectronic and antibacterial assessment
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Gürbüz, Berfin; Çiftçi, Fatih; Özarslan, Ali Can; Akyüz Yılmaz, Bahar
In tissue engineering, e-skin patches serve as wearable wound dressings for healing. In this study, electrospun nanofiber composites were developed by integrating PMMA, MXene, and chitosan (CS) to fabricate multifunctional e-skin scaffolds. The resulting PMMA–MXene–CS composite e-skin scaffolds exhibited a uniform fibrous morphology with average diameters of 600 ± 50 nm and high porosity (>85 %), providing an optimal microenvironment for tissue interfacing. Mechanical testing revealed that the PMMX:CS composite e-skin scaffold achieved a tensile strength of 13 MPa, a Young's modulus of 0.38 GPa, and elongation at break of 200 %, representing increases of 225 %, 36 %, and 43 %, respectively, over pure PMMA. Dielectric spectroscopy demonstrated a minimal loss tangent (<0.05) across 10–100 kHz and a built-in potential of 1.19 V, while electrochemical impedance measurements showed a charge-transfer resistance of 1.38 kΩ and a low leakage current, indicating excellent signal fidelity for sensing applications. Thermal conductivity tests under 10 GPa pressure yielded 28 W/m·K, ensuring rapid heat dissipation. Antimicrobial assays against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans confirmed inhibition rates of 95 %, 92 %, and 99 %, respectively, significantly outperforming control samples. Furthermore, antibacterial assays also demonstrated broad-spectrum efficacy, with inhibition zones up to 27.8 mm against Streptococcus pneumoniae and 26.4 mm against Listeria monocytogenes, and zones exceeding 25 mm for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Thus, obtained results revealed that the combination of PMMA, MXene and CS significantly enhanced inhibition against gram-negative bacteria compared to the control groups. Overall, PMMA-MXene-CS composite e-skin scaffold demonstrated promising mechanical, electrical, and antimicrobial properties, positioning them as strong candidates for next-generation flexible, durable, and multifunctional e-skin applications.
Fabrication of smart chitosan composite beads for alleviate boron toxicity in a model plant (Lemna gibba): Characterization, toxicity assessment, and boron removal
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Yakar, Anıl; Türker, Onur Can; Çakmak, Emel; Yılmaz Baran, Nuray; Baran, Talat
Excessive boron (B) in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant threat to environmental health and biodiversity. In this respect, an attractive strategy should be evaluated to reduce B toxicity in the water environment and protect aquatic organisms. The study aims to reduce B-induced toxicity in a model plant, Lemna gibba, using smart chitosan-magnetic composite beads enriched with keratin, and further enhanced with boron-tolerant bacteria (Acinetobacter sp.). We tested different chitosan-magnetic composite beads for their B adsorption capacity, focusing on a specific type enriched with keratin for the first time in the literature. The effects of adding chitosan-magnetic composite beads in a test solution containing B mine effluent to alleviate B toxicity on L. gibba's growth parameters (frond number, biomass production, and EC50 value) were detailly evaluated in the experiment period. Accordingly, the chitosan-magnetic composite beads with keratin (Mag-Ch-K) demonstrated high B adsorption, with a maximum loading capacity of 2.875 mg/g at pH 7. The relative growth rate of L. gibba in a reactor containing Mag-Ch-K beads was measured to be approximately 2-fold (0.2065) higher than that of the control reactor (0.1212) without composite beads at 64 mg L−1 B concentration. More importantly, Mag-Ch-K bead significantly increased the plant's tolerance against B in the reactor matrix, as indicated by an EC50 value of 44.18 mg L−1 compared to 17.17 mg L−1 in the control. This study provides a promising approach to mitigate B toxicity in water bodies, offering a practical operation, high growth production, and preventing B pollution shock via modified bead with Acinetobacter sp. High B removal (76 %) was also achieved from reactors containing Mag-Ch-K-D through the high B-loading capacities and plant uptake. These dual benefits encourage designers to design chitosan and duckweed-based treatment systems for ecological conservation and pollution management in B-rich waters, such as B mine effluent pollution.
Production and characterization of chitosan-based superhydrophobic film bio-inspired by Verbascum sp. leaf
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Al-jaf, Ivan; Akyüz Yılmaz, Bahar; Karaduman Yeşildal, Tuğçe; Akyüz, Lalehan; Kaya, Murat
Chitosan, a biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer, is widely favored in film production as an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based films. However, its limited water resistance restricts its applications. To address this issue, the water resistance of chitosan films was enhanced by coating their surfaces with hair derived from the leaves of the Verbascum sp. plant, a species that is abundant and easy to cultivate. Natural superhydrophobic films were successfully produced by embedding needle-like hairs onto the surfaces of chitosan matrices. The resulting films were characterized using standard analytical techniques, including FTIR, TGA, SEM, XRD, elemental analysis, and contact angle measurements. The results indicated that the water contact angle values for the CVH100 and CVH200 films, recorded at 143.01° and 146.83° respectively, exhibited an increase as the quantity of needle-like hairs. However, the contact angle of the chitosan film without needle-like fibrils was 103.44°. Additionally, biocompatibility was confirmed through MTT testing, and blood compatibility was validated via hemolysis assays. These results highlight the potential of these superhydrophobic chitosan films as innovative surface coatings for diverse applications, particularly in the biomedical field.
Phytochemical Characterization and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Alzheimer Effects of Algerian Seseli Tortuosum
(Wiley, 2024) Slimani, Abdelkader; Akkal, Wail; Benmekhbi, Ahmed Acheraf; Mosbah, Asma; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Lefahal, Mostefa; Bousetla, Ahlem; Bensouici, Chawki; Laouer, Hocine; Akkal, Salah; Nieto, Gema
HPLC analysis, phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography, polyphenols and flavonoid contents were conducted to determine the bioactive contents of the Algerian Seseli tortuosum plant. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays, reducing power, phenanthroline and silver nanoparticle (SNP) assays. The anti-Alzheimer's activity of extracts was also performed invitro and in silico. Phytochemical analysis highlighted the richness ofthe extracts in terms of coumarins, terpenoids and quercetin. The quantitative determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids showed that the highest amounts occurredinthe dichloromethane (DCME) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts. The antioxidant activities indicated a moderate potential. Compared with galantamine, DCME had a significantly greater anti-Alzheimer effect on BChE(CI50=9.14 +/- 1.74 mu g/ml and 34.75 +/- 1.99 mu g/ml respectively). An in silicostudy of anti-Alzheimer activity revealed a significant effect of quercetin(-30,13KJ/mol). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the richness of the phytochemical components of seseli tortuosum,which are responsible for several biological properties, mainly their anti-Alzheimer potential.
Antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties of edible film enriched with fingered citron water extract and probiotic
(Univ Vasile Alecsandri Bacau, 2024) Taşbaşı, Hilal; Aşan Özüsağlam, Meltem
Food consumption is vital, so edible and biodegradable materials are being developed against environmental factors. The aim of the study was to develop edible film containing fingered citron leaf extract and determine its biological activities and mechanical properties. In the study, the antimicrobial effect of fingered citron water (FCW) extract against pathogens was determined by disc diffusion, micro and macro dilution tests. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of edible films containing the extract and Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 was determined by well diffusion assay. The highest and lowest inhibition diameter of extract against pathogens was detected for Escherichia coli O157:H7 (11.61 mm) and Vibrio anguillarum A4 (9.09 mm). Minimal inhibition and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) values ranged between 5- 40 mu gmu L-1. Also, it was determined that FCW extract prepared at 50 and 100 mgmL(-1) concentration had an inhibitory effect against E. coli O157:H7 at 0, 24 and 48(th) hours by viable cell count. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the prepared films was evaluated and the highest and lowest inhibition zone diameters against E. coli O157:H7 (12.85 mm) and Streptococcus agalactiae Pas. Ins. (4.02 mm) were determined. It was determined that the edible film prepared with FCW extract and probiotics has the potential to protect against food spoilage.
Bioactive rich fingered citron leaves: investigation of usage potential in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products
(Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024) Taşbaşı, Hilal; Aşan Özüsağlam, Meltem
Fingered citron is one of the important plants attracting attention with its important bioactive components. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential for use of fingered citron leaves in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Materials and Methods. The antimicrobial activity of fingered citron leaf ethanol extract was determined by disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods against clinical pathogens. Furthermore, fingered citron leaf ethanol extract sun protection factor (SPF) was spectrophotometrically evaluated. Results and Discussion. The inhibition zone diameters obtained as a result of the disc diffusion method were 9.16 mm against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and 9.63 mm against C. glabrata RSKK 04019. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was inhibited by fingered citron leaf ethanol extract with 7.76 mm of inhibition zone. Minimal inhibition (MIC) and bactericidal or fungicidal (MBC or MFC) concentrations values varied between 2.5 and 40 mg/mL. Additionally, the biological activity of the cream formulation obtained with cream, probiotic strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 and fingered citron leaf extract was evaluated using the well diffusion method. The inhibition zone diameters of cream, L. fermentum MA-7, and fingered citron leaf extract cream group against C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. glabrata RSKK 04019 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 were determined as 2.73 mm, 4.37 mm, and 5.21 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the SPF value of fingered citron leaf ethanol extract was determined as 25.82. Then, fingered citron leaf ethanol extract-cream mixtures were prepared at various concentrations. It was determined that the SPF values of the extract and cream mixtures were higher at all concentrations compared to the commercial cream (control). The highest SPF value was determined as 6.7 at 10 mL concentration. Conclusion. The results indicated that fingered citron leaf ethanol extract can be a valuable resource for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries in the development of natural origin and effective products.
Genetic polymorphism and cluster analyses based on the conserved DNAderived polymorphism markers in the selected Harumanis and non-Harumanis mango varieties
(Rynnye Lyan Resources, 2024) Rahman, A.M.A; Zakaria, Z.; Aziz, N.A.; Xuan, K.H.; Rahman, K.H.A.; Mohtar, J.A.; Intan, S.A.S.; Mokhtar, M.A.A.; Gaši, F.; Pilav, A.; Çakmak, E.
Various mango varieties have been cultivated in Malaysia for decades and the fruit plays a significant impact on trading nationwide. Harumanis is the most outstanding mango variety in terms of taste and quality which led to a premium price of up to 8.57 USD per kilogram. This has steered fraud in substituting with cheaper mango varieties such as Tong Dam and Susu due to similar morphological features. Morphological characteristics are commonly used to differentiate Harumanis mango from other varieties although it is inefficient, less stable, and affected by environmental factors. This research aimed to evaluate the genetic polymorphism in three mango varieties and assess the potential of conserved-DNA derived polymorphism (CDDP) as a DNA marker in differentiating Harumanis and non-Harumanis mango samples. A total of fifteen Harumanis and non-Harumanis mango samples were studied. A total of 371 bands were amplified by a set of six CDDP primers for fourteen mango leaf samples. The percentage of polymorphism observed for all six primers was higher than 65%. Primer WRKY-R1 showed the highest polymorphism percentage and polymorphism information content, which was 100% and 0.44, respectively, making it the most efficient CDDP primer to differentiate Harumanis and non-harumanis mango varieties in this study. Primer WRKY-F1 showed the highest value of resolving power at 8.57 with the highest number of loci was 15. The UPGMA dendrogram constructed based on CDDP data revealed fourteen samples were grouped into four major clusters with all different varieties forming their own clad. The study demonstrated that CDDP markers can be effectively used in the characterization of different mango genotypes and in genetic diversity analysis, facilitating the development of DNA fingerprinting of the leading Harumanis mango, as well as better management of mango fruit resources in Malaysia.
Unravelling the maternal stress-induced orchestrations: Fndc5 gene expression dynamics across duodenum, stomach, and whole blood in offspring
(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2024) Korkmaz Bayram, Keziban; Barokah, Aida Nurul; Işıktan, Şevval Nebahat; Bayram, Arslan
Maternal stress is a known risk factor for a variety of adverse outcomes in offspring, including metabolic and behavioural abnormalities. The hormone irisin, encoded by the Fndc5 gene, is believed to mediate stress’s effects on metabolism. Two weeks of restraint stress causes stomach inflammation and increases oxidative stress in rodents. Irisin, coded by the Fndc5 gene, probably suppresses this oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the effect of early-life maternal stress on Fndc5 gene expression in the duodenum, stomach and whole-blood offspring. Materials and Methods: This study consists of three groups: a control, an unpredictable maternal separation (MS), and an unpredictable maternal separation combined with unpredictable maternal stress (MSUS). On postnatal (PND) days 1-14, randomly three hours a day, MS and MSUS were exposed to unpredictable maternal separation. MSUS was subjected to extra unpredictable maternal stress. Mice were sacrificed on PND35. Total RNA was isolated from duodenum, stomach, and whole blood samples by Phenol-Chloroform technique, and HiScript II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit was used for cDNA synthesis. Fndc5 and Gapdh genes expression level was measured by qPCR using FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master. The data obtained were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA tests in GraphPad Prism. Results: Fndc5 gene expression did not differ between groups in the duodenum (p>0.05), significantly increased in the MSUS group compared to the control (female p=0.0089, male p=0.0053) and MS (female p=0.0206, male p=0.026) groups in the stomach. In whole blood samples, it decreased in MS and MSUS group males (p=0.0011). In addition, a significant negative correlation (p= 0.0003) has been established between the stomach and whole blood. Conclusion: The findings assert the role of irisin in transmitting stressrelated effects on metabolism, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of targeting the Fndc5 gene in preventing and treating stress-related disorders.
A study on determination of total phenolic and protein amounts of waste green algae of Mamasın Dam Lake (Aksaray-Turkey)
(Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2024) Koç Bilican, Behlül; Maruška, Audrius
The excessive proliferation of green algae in aquatic ecosystems threatens aquatic life, leading to oxygen depletion and water pollution. This study investigates two common green algae species, Ulva sp. and Cladophora sp., with potential in terms of protein and phenolic compounds. Cladophora sp. and Ulva sp. extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Despite lower phenolic content compared to specific plant species, both algae species exhibit various phenolic compounds. GC-MS analysis indicates the presence of major compounds such as limonene in Cladophora sp. and Tetradec-1-ene in Ulva sp., suggesting potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite modest protein amounts, the study emphasizes that algae, aligned with the increasing interest in plant-based nutrition, are a promising source for plant-based protein production. Ulva sp. and Cladophora sp. algae demonstrate potential as alternative protein sources and reservoirs of bioactive phenolic compounds from waste sources. This study pioneers further research in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to contribute to sustainable water resource utilization.
Assessing Algerian Ilex aquifolium L.’s phenolic compounds, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties to find a new natural remedy for Alzheimer’s, diabetes and skin diseases
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Hadroug, Aldjia; Zengin, Gökhan; Belhattab, Rachid; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim
This research explored the impact of methanolic extracts from the fruits and leaves of Ilex aquifolium L., a rare Algerian species, on several enzymes, focusing on tyrosinase, ?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and cholinesterases, as well as their antioxidant potential in vitro assays, including phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and MCA. HPLC-DAD analysis identified chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, hesperidin, and quercetin as predominant phenolic components. Both extracts exhibited notable antioxidant properties, up to 250.08?mg TE/g for fruits and 237.08?mg TE/g for leaf extracts. Enzyme inhibitory assays demonstrated significant inhibition against AChE and BChE with maximum activities of 2.34?mg GALAE/g in leaves and 4.32?mg GALAE/g in fruits. Additionally, considerable tyrosinase inhibition was observed in leaves at 39.69?mg KAE/g. These findings highlight I. aquifolium L. as a valuable source for investigating natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors, particularly for possible cosmetics and food additives applications.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in Turkish postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Doğaner, Fulya; Soyocak, Ahu; Turgut Coşan, Didem; Özgen, Merih; Berkan, Funda; Şahin Mutlu, Fezan; Değirmenci, İrfan; Güneş, Hasan Veysi
Osteoporosis is a common age-related skeletal disease, characterized by changes in the microarchitectural structure of bone tissue and decreased bone mass, especially affecting postmenopausal women. Genetic and environmental factors affecting bone metabolism play a role in the development of osteoporosis. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme involved in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Genetic variations in the MTHFR gene lead to impaired function or inactivation of this enzyme. A decrease in MTHFR enzyme activity and an increase in homocysteine levels affect bone metabolism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and osteoporosis in Turkish postmenopausal women. DNA samples were extracted from 200 volunteers. The PCR-RFLP technique was used to identify the MTHFR gene polymorphisms C677T and A1298C. The statistical significance of the analysis’s results was assessed. C677T genotype and allele frequency distributions were not statistically different between postmenopausal osteoporosis and healthy control groups (p=0.249, p=0.754), while A1298C genotype and allele frequency distributions were found to be statistically significant (p=0.002, p=0.013). The results of our study showed that the A1298C polymorphism may be a genetic factor associated with osteoporosis in this specific population. However, the C677T polymorphism did not show a significant connection. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of osteoporosis, future research with larger sample sizes and the consideration of additional genetic and environmental factors is essential. Additionally, it is crucial to account for ethnic disparities, gene-gene interactions, and gene-environment interplays. These insights can inform the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies for individuals at risk of osteoporosis in diverse populations.
Mesoporous biosilica beads for controlled selenium nanoparticle delivery from collagen-chitosan scaffolds: promoting bone formation and suppressing prostate cancer growth
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Kaur, Kulwinder; Falgous, Lucie; Kamal, Nezar; Caffrey, David; Cavanagh, Brenton L.; Koç Bilican, Behlül; Kaya, Murat; Shvets, Igor; Curtin, Caroline M; Murphy, Ciara M.
he controlled delivery of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) is promising for bone cancer treatment due to their dual benefits in bone regeneration and tumor inhibition, yet achieving an optimal dosing regimen remains challenging. Natural mesoporous biosilica (BS) beads have shown promise for drug delivery due to their microporous structure. This study explores incorporating BS beads into collagen-chitosan (Coll-CS) scaffolds, known for bone repair, to control Se-NP delivery. Two approaches are compared: loading Se-NPs into BS beads before integrating them into Coll-CS scaffolds versus directly loading Se-NPs into Coll-CS scaffolds. The scaffold properties, Se release kinetics, cytocompatibility, and effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) are evaluated. BS bead-loaded scaffolds provide controlled Se-NP release and enhanced mechanical properties compared to directly loaded scaffolds. Higher Se-NP concentrations in BS-loaded scaffolds effectively promote MSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation while inhibiting LNCaP cell viability. In contrast, low Se-NP concentrations not only induce early osteogenic differentiation but also promote cancer cell proliferation, underscoring the need for optimal Se-NP concentration and release. These findings suggest that BS bead-loaded Coll-CS scaffolds are a promising strategy for controlled Se-NP delivery, addressing the dual challenges of bone formation and cancer recurrence prevention in bone cancer treatment.
Structural characteristics of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ACS5 exopolysaccharide in association with its antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in vitro
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) İnanan, Tulden; Önal Darılmaz, Derya; Karaduman Yeşildal, Tuğçe; Yavuz, Serkan
A novel structure of exopolysaccharide from the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ACS5, isolated from home-made Turkish cheese, is described. After lyophilization, the L-EPS-ACS5 was characterized in production and functional activities in vitro, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The physicochemical characterizations of the L-EPS-ACS5 were determined through molecular weight, UV, FTIR, SEM, TGA, HPLC, NMR, methylation, and GC–MS analysis. Strong antioxidant activities of L-EPS-ACS5 were confirmed from the results obtained in the hydroxyl radical, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, superoxide anion radical, total antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protective effect, and also the L-EPS-ACS5 exhibited high antidiabetic activity (60 %). This study isolated L-EPS-ACS5 from a home-made cheese L. rhamnosus strain, demonstrating its novel and enhanced functionalities compared to existing strains. This opens exciting avenues for its development in the fields of biomedicine and pharmaceuticals.
Investigation of new potential uses of Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus) for various areas
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü, 2024) Aşan Özüsağlam, Meltem
Pistacia terebinthus has been used extensively in alternative medicine. on food-borne and clinical test microorganisms was obtained to determine a natural antimicrobial source. The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract on fish-originated pathogen bacteria was also determined for its potential use in the feed industry. In addition, the effect of the extract on the probiotic bacteria originating from breast milk was tested to obtain the potential use of the extract together with probiotic bacteria for the pharmaceutical and food industries. Antimicrobial activity was obtained by performing micro-dilution and macro-dilution assays as well as disc diffusion. Among the food-borne and clinical test microorganisms, the highest inhibition zone diameter (22.39 +/- 1.92 mm) was detected on Listeria monocytogenes. The highest antibacterial activity on the fish pathogens was recorded as 17.67 +/- 0 mm against Vibrio anguillarum A4. It was determined that P. terebinthus fruit extract had higher antimicrobial activity against some test microorganisms than Amikacin and Gentamicin antibiotics. Antifungal activity on Candida glabrata was also investigated by counting viable cells. At a concentration of 20 mg mL1, no viable cells were determined after 24 hours. The extract inhibited all the tested LAB, however, with low MIC and MBC values. The sun protection factor (SPF) of the extract and the extract+cream mixture at 10 mL concentration was recorded as 9.36 and 7.51. The results of the study indicated that P. terebinthus fruit ethanol extract can be an alternative as a natural additive in various industries such as feed, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Determination of the protective impact of hypericum perforatum extract against ovarian ischemia and reperfusion in rats
(Aras Part Medical international Press, 2024) Bingöl, Seyit Ali; Yiğit, Serdar; Taşkın, Ergin; Kaçı, Fatma Necmiye; Yayla, Muhammed; Kılıç Baygutalp, Nurcan; Toktay, Erdem; Eyerci, Nilnur; Çılgın, Hasan
Ovarian torsion is an important gynaecological emergency because it causes ischemia in ovary. Our aim is to research the effects of Hypericum perforatum on p53, TNF-alpha, CAT, SOD, GSH, PTEN and is haPI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian of rats with ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods: The study included 56 adult female rats which were allocated to 7 groups; control, ischemia, ischemia 300HP, ischemia 600HP, I/R, I/R 300HP and I/R 600HP. H. perforatum was applied to ischemia 300HP, ischemia 600HP, I/R 300HP and I/R 600HP groups at the dose of 300 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg by oral gavage. Collected ovarian tissues were examined by light microscopy, biochemical and real -time PCR techniques. Results: In histological examination, the least degeneration was seen in 600HP group among other groups, apart from control group. TUNEL results showed that apoptosis level of other groups was lower than that of ischemia and I/R groups. CAT and GSH levels of I/R 600HP group increased. The highest level of PTEN and mTOR was found in the ischemia group. The Akt level was lower in I/R and I/R 300HP groups but its level was close to that of control and I/R 600HP groups. TNF-alpha and p53 mRNA expressions in I/R group were increased. Conclusions: The result of the study showed that H. perforatum (600 mg/kg) had an effect on tissue degeneration, CAT and GSH levels, and also TNF-alpha and p53 mRNA expressions levels. We suggest that H. perforatum can be considered as an agent to protect against tissues damage during ischemia reperfusion.
An innovative approach to various industrial applications: the fingered citron
(University of Pannonia, 2024) Taşbaşı, Hilal; Aşan Özüsağlam, Meltem
The fingered citron ( Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis ), which originates from India, has spread to different parts of the world over time. In opposition to the increasing resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents, the application of alternative treatments developed using herbs has recently gained interest. The aim of this study is to investigate alternative applications of the fingered citron in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. For this purpose, the antimicrobial activity of fingered citron leaf water extract (FCLWE) against test microorganisms was evaluated using a disk diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum cidal concentrations (bactericidal - MBC or fungicidal - MFC) of the extract were also determined. For FCLWE, among the pathogenic test microorganisms, Listeria monocytogenes strain ATCC 7644 and Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923 showed the smallest and the largest inhibition zone diameters, with values of 7.06 and 11.57 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC or MFC values of FCLWE varied from 10 to 40 mu g/mu l. In addition, the sun protection factors (SPF) of FCLWE and a mixture of FCLWE and commercial sun creams at different concentrations were determined. The SPF value of FCLWE was found to be 25. The mixture of FCLWE and commercial sun cream at an amount of 10 ml yielded an SPF value of 12.26. Next, the biological activity of the cream formulation obtained with commercial cream, FCLWE and Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA -7 (cream -leaf water extract-probiotic - CWP) was investigated against test microorganisms using the well diffusion method. CWP exhibited inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 (2.56 mm), Candida glabrata RSKK 04019 (2.81 mm), C. albicans ATCC 10231 (4.54 mm) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (5.00 mm). It was observed that the cream formulation of CWP increased the diameters of the inhibition zone by creating a synergistic effect against all pathogenic test microorganisms. FCLWE may potentially be used as an alternative natural additive to chemical preservatives in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

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