Efectiveness of electrochemical softening for removing hardness in real groundwater
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Efectiveness of electrochemical softening for removing hardness in real groundwater
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
The applicability of electrochemical treatment which stands out with its advantages over other methods to the removal of hardness in real groundwater was investigated in this study. This treatment method was directly applied in a stainless steel cell used as the anode. Spiral stainless steel with a large surface area was utilized as the cathode. The effects of pH (5.00–11.00), current density (1.89–15.15 mA cm?2), HCO3/Hardness ratio: (0.8/1–1.4/1), and operating time (5–40 min.) parameters on the removal efficiency were investigated. As a result of the experiments, the optimal conditions (initial pH: 7.24, current density: 11.36 mA cm?2, HCO3/Hardness ratio: 1/1, operating time: 20 min.) were determined. Under these conditions, 90% hardness removal and 92% alkalinity removal efficiencies were achieved. The energy consumption for electrochemical softening of 1 L groundwater was calculated as 0.0379 kWh L?1, and the energy consumption per 1 kg of CaCO3 was calculated as 56.90 kWh kg?1CaCO3. Additionally, the cathode surface to which the hardness causing ions adsorbed was imaged using Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis of the precipitate on the cathode was performed. The obtained experimental data were statistically evaluated using the multiple linear regression model and the most important independent variable was determined as time.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Alkalinity, Descaling, Hardness, Spiral Cathode
Kaynak
Journal of Applied Electrochemistr
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
