Evaluation of the systemic immune-inflammation index in relation to histological stages of celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by histopathological changes, such as villous atrophy and chronic inflammation, often assessed using the Marsh classification. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a novel inflammatory biomarker, has been increasingly investigated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including CD.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the relationship between SII and histopathological progression in CD, as classified by the Marsh scores, and to assess other hematological and inflammatory parameters.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 115 biopsy-confirmed CD patients from 2 hospitals between February 2022 and November 2023. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed, and SII values were calculated. Statistical comparisons were performed across Marsh stages.ResultsSII levels did not significantly differ among Marsh groups (p = 0.408). However, the Marsh Grade 3a group exhibited higher median SII values compared to others. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels showed significant differences across Marsh stages (p = 0.012), with a notable decrease in Marsh Grade 3c. Other parameters, such as ESR and CRP, showed no significant variation across groups.ConclusionWhile SII shows potential as an inflammatory marker, its limited association with histological stages suggests a need for larger, prospective studies to validate its utility in clinical practice.