Conceptual hydrogeological model of the Hüdai Geothermal Field (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey) based on hydrochemical and environmental isotopic data

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dc.authorid0000-0001-6341-8496
dc.contributor.authorAfşin, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorBayarı, C. Serdar
dc.contributor.authorDağ, Tuğba
dc.contributor.authorDavraz, Ayşen
dc.contributor.authorDavraz, Ayşen
dc.contributor.authorAksever, Fatma
dc.contributor.authorKarakaş, Zehra
dc.contributor.authorHınıs, M. Ali
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-10T11:52:28Z
dc.date.available2025-07-10T11:52:28Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentMühendislik Fakültesi
dc.description.abstractA comprehensive conceptual hydrogeological model of the Hüdai Geothermal Field (HGF), an important balneotherapy destination in western Turkey, has been developed from water chemistry and isotope data collected from springs and wells across different seasons. Temperature and specific electrical conductivity of the Hüdai geothermal waters (HGWs) ranged from 65.4–82.4 °C and 1727–2156 µS/cm at 25 °C, respectively. The cool waters are mainly Ca–HCO3/SO4 type and the hot waters are mainly Na–HCO3/SO4 type. The δ18O and δ2H data suggest a meteoric origin for all groundwater. Recharge elevations and temperatures of the groundwaters are inferred to be 2105–2385 m above sea level and 5.5–6.9 ºC, respectively. The δ13C data suggest that the source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in cool waters is plant root respiration, whereas a crustal source is suggested for the HGWs. The radiocarbon (14C) apparent ages of the DIC in the HGWs range from 28 to 48 ka, indicating groundwater recharge occurred throughout the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. The δ34S values suggest that coal, magmatic rocks, shale and limestone are the most likely sources of sulfur in the HGWs, whereas sulfur in the cool waters is derived from terrestrial evaporite minerals. Silica geothermometers estimate reservoir temperatures varying between 73 and 116 ºC. The maximum groundwater circulation depth is estimated to range from 0.93 to 2.09 km. The data suggest the HGF has been heated by crustal radioactive decay and heat flow linked with magmatism and metamorphism in western Anatolia during the late Miocene.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10040-025-02884-5
dc.identifier.endpage779
dc.identifier.issn14312174
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus105005268855
dc.identifier.startpage755
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-025-02884-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/13239
dc.identifier.volume33
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001472221800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorAfşin, Mustafa
dc.institutionauthorDağ, Tuğba
dc.institutionauthorHınıs, M.Ali
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0001-6341-8496
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relation.ispartofHydrogeology Journal
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectGeothermal Systems
dc.subjectHydrochemistry
dc.subjectIsotopes
dc.subjectThermal Conditions
dc.subjectTurkey
dc.titleConceptual hydrogeological model of the Hüdai Geothermal Field (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey) based on hydrochemical and environmental isotopic data
dc.title.alternativeModèle hydrogéologique conceptuel du champ géothermique de Hüdai (Afyonkarahisar, Turquie) à partir des données hydrochimiques et isotopiques environnementales
dc.typeArticle

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