Buhara Hanlığı’nda Şibanî Hanedanı devrindeki savaş sanatı: silah ve teçhizat
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Tarih
2014
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ankara Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
1500 yılında Türkistan’da Şibanî Han önderliğinde kurulan Buhara Özbek Hanlığı, selefleri Cengizliler ve Altınorda’dan miras kalan, konar-göçer yaşama adapte edilmiş haldeki hafif süvari yapılarını, bu coğrafyada, yerleşik hayatın kalıcı bir unsuru olarak boy göstermelerinden itibaren, yerleşik nizama hitap eden bir hüviyete dönüştürmeye başladılar. Bu noktada bölgenin eski sahipleri Timurlular bütün müesseselerde olduğu gibi askeri açıdan da feodal aristokratik özelliklerini muhafaza eden Özbekler için örnek teşkil etmişlerdir. Böylelikle hafif süvari esasına dayanan bozkır savaşçı tipi, zamanla ağır silahlar, muhasara araçları ve en nihayetinde XVI. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren ateşli silahlarla teçhiz edilmiş; kısmen yaya askerlerin de yer aldığı kara ordu modeline dönüşmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada XVI. yüzyıl itibariyle Türkistan’da yegâne muharip güç haline gelen Şibanî Hanedanı’nda, seleflerinden intikal eden geleneksel silah ve teçhizatların kullanımı ve bunun yanında çağın gereksinimlerine paralel olarak gelişen ateşli ve ağır harp teknolojilerinin hanlık askeri teşkilatındaki uygulama alanları, tarihi kaynaklar ışığında değerlendirilecektir.
Bukhara Uzbek Khanate, founded in 1500 under the leadership of Shaybani Khan in Turkestan, started to transform their light cavalry structure, which was the heritage of its predecessors Genghizid sand Golden Horde and was adapted to nomadic life, into a structure that addressed the sedentary order as they started to come forward as a permanent element of sedentary life in this geography. At this point, Timurids, the old masters of this region, set an example for Uzbeks, who preserved their feudal aristocracy regarding military as well as in all other institutions. In this way, over time stepe warrior type based on light cavalry was equipped with heavy weapons, siege equipments and finally from the second half of XVIth century with fire arms it started to transform into land army model with the partial involvement of footsoldiers. In this work, the use of traditional arms and equipment in herited from predecessorsby Shaybanid Dynasty, which became the sole combat and force in Turkestan by XVIth century and application areas in khanates military organization of firearms and heavy warfare technologies developed in paralel to the requirements of the period are evaluated in the light of historical sources.
Bukhara Uzbek Khanate, founded in 1500 under the leadership of Shaybani Khan in Turkestan, started to transform their light cavalry structure, which was the heritage of its predecessors Genghizid sand Golden Horde and was adapted to nomadic life, into a structure that addressed the sedentary order as they started to come forward as a permanent element of sedentary life in this geography. At this point, Timurids, the old masters of this region, set an example for Uzbeks, who preserved their feudal aristocracy regarding military as well as in all other institutions. In this way, over time stepe warrior type based on light cavalry was equipped with heavy weapons, siege equipments and finally from the second half of XVIth century with fire arms it started to transform into land army model with the partial involvement of footsoldiers. In this work, the use of traditional arms and equipment in herited from predecessorsby Shaybanid Dynasty, which became the sole combat and force in Turkestan by XVIth century and application areas in khanates military organization of firearms and heavy warfare technologies developed in paralel to the requirements of the period are evaluated in the light of historical sources.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Buhara Hanlığı, Şibanîler, Hafif Silahlar, Ateşli Silahlar, Bukhara Khanate, Shaybanids, Light Arms, Firearms
Kaynak
Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
54
Sayı
2
