مسوغات القتل في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة فقهية مقارنة بين الشريعة والقانون العراقي
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Allah katında çok değerli olduğundan dolayı insan hayatına/kanına azami ölçüde saygı duyulması gerekir. Zira Yüce Allah'ın haram kıldığı en önemli şeylerden biri insan hayatıdır. Cenabı Hakk'ın haram kıldığı en önemli şey kan dökme yani can almadır. Çünkü canı Allah yaratmış ve sorumluluğu da O'na aittir. Bedenlere ruhu veren de dilediği zaman o ruhu alan da ancak Allah'tır. Budan dolayı meşru kanunlar dışında insanların can almaya asla hakları yoktur. Canın alınabilmesinin bazı kanunları vardır. Bunun ilkelerini de Kur'ân-ı Kerîm ve Sünnet-i seniyye belirleyip düzenlemiştir. Allah ve resulü tarafından belirlenen bu hakları hiç kimsenin ihlal etme yetkisi yoktur. Bizim araştırma konumuz İslam şeriatının öldürmeyi gerekli kılan yasal fıkhı incelemesini yapmaktır. İslam hukuk kuralları içerisinde öldürmenin sebepleri, sırasıyla a) haksız yere bir insan öldürme, b) evlilerin zina yapması ve c) dinden dönmedir (ridde). Tezimizde bunların Irak hukuk kanunlarıyla uyumluğu problemini karşılaştırmalı olarak ele aldık. Her meseleden sonra fıkhi görüşleri de karşılaştırarak açıkladık. Okuyanın kolay anlamasını sağlamak için basit bir dil kullandık. İslam fıkhında anlaşılması zor olan kavramları ise açıklama yoluna gittik. Araştırmamız öldürmeyi gerektiren durumlar hakkında üç bölüm şeklinde oluştu. Birinci bölümü öldürme ve çeşitlerine ayırdık. İkinci bölümü, ölümü gerekli kılan durumlar oluşturdu. Burada genel olarak zinayı inceledik. Zinanın hangi durumlarda ölümü gerekli kıldığını ve bu öldürmenin şartlarını ele aldık. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise İslam dininden dönme (ridde) şekillerini ve bununla ilgili önemli etkenleri ele aldık.
Human life (blood) is very precious in the sight of God.The most extreme of what God forbids is putting an end to someone else's life. Because God created it and He is responsible to it. It is God who puts our souls in our bodies and he will take it. And he is the one who consumes them whenever and how he wants. Therefore, no human being, regardless of his status, has the right to lose a soul except by right, and this right has rules and foundations, including the Quran and the Prophet's sunnah. These foundations have been emphasized, so no prophet or any creature, regardless of his stature, cannot transcend them. My research came as a legal jurisprudential study on the obligations of kill that are indicated by Islamic Sharia, namely: Kill oneself unjustly, committing adultery, and apostasy from Islam. She quoted the jurisprudential views of these obligations that must be killed, and compared them with the corresponding opinions of Iraqi law, after each issue, I used to mention the jurisprudential opinions, discuss these opinions and explain them in an easy way. Make it easy for every reader to understand. This is because, as it is known, the jurists have difficult words that few can understand. My research was divided into three chapters on the number of these obligations to kill, I dealt with killing and its types in the first chapter, the second chapter came with the second obligation to kill, which is adultery, And I dealt with it in general and mentioned when it is obligatory to kill in adultery, and mentioned the conditions in that, and while the third and final chapter came about what should be killed, which is apostasy from Islam and some of its forms and shapes and what are the most important implications of apostasy.
Human life (blood) is very precious in the sight of God.The most extreme of what God forbids is putting an end to someone else's life. Because God created it and He is responsible to it. It is God who puts our souls in our bodies and he will take it. And he is the one who consumes them whenever and how he wants. Therefore, no human being, regardless of his status, has the right to lose a soul except by right, and this right has rules and foundations, including the Quran and the Prophet's sunnah. These foundations have been emphasized, so no prophet or any creature, regardless of his stature, cannot transcend them. My research came as a legal jurisprudential study on the obligations of kill that are indicated by Islamic Sharia, namely: Kill oneself unjustly, committing adultery, and apostasy from Islam. She quoted the jurisprudential views of these obligations that must be killed, and compared them with the corresponding opinions of Iraqi law, after each issue, I used to mention the jurisprudential opinions, discuss these opinions and explain them in an easy way. Make it easy for every reader to understand. This is because, as it is known, the jurists have difficult words that few can understand. My research was divided into three chapters on the number of these obligations to kill, I dealt with killing and its types in the first chapter, the second chapter came with the second obligation to kill, which is adultery, And I dealt with it in general and mentioned when it is obligatory to kill in adultery, and mentioned the conditions in that, and while the third and final chapter came about what should be killed, which is apostasy from Islam and some of its forms and shapes and what are the most important implications of apostasy.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Öldürmek, Karşılaştırma, Yasa, İrtidât, Zina
