Tevhidin Ulûhiyyet, Rubûbiyyet ve İsim-Sıfat Şeklinde Tasnifinin Tarihî Süreci ve Kritiği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kelâm ilmi kaynaklarında tevhid bahsi, Allah’ın varlığı ve birliği etrafında şekillenmektedir. Zamanla tevhidin ulûhiyyet, rubûbiyyet ve isim ve sıfat şeklinde kısımlara ayrılarak incelendiği; içerik bakımından ise klasik kaynaklardan farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Her ne kadar tevhid konusu izah edilirken ulûhiyet ve rubûbiyyet gibi kavramlar ilk dönemlerden itibaren kaynaklarda geçse de sistematik olarak söz konusu kavramları tevhidin alt başlıkları halinde ilk defa ele alan kişinin İbn Teymiyye (ö. 728/1328) olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Ondan sonra bu şekilde tasnifler yapılarak tevhidin incelenmesi özellikle Selefî anlayış tarafından devam ettirilmektedir. Tevhidin bu şekilde kısımlara ayrılarak izah edilmesi, teolojik açıdan aykırı fikirlerin doğmasına sebep olmuş ve tevhid, itikadî bir mesele olmaktan çıkıp sosyal hayatı etkilemiştir. Başka bir ifadeyle bu anlayış, tevhidin sınırlarını itikadî sahanın dışına çıkararak amelî boyutu da tevhidin içeriğine dâhil etmiştir. Böylelikle amelî yönden eksiklikler itikadî açıdan tekfir edilmeye sebep olmuştur. Öyle ki toplumda bazı insanları ve özellikle de inananları ayrıştırıcı, dışlayıcı ve ötekileştirici olumsuz tesirleri söz konusu olmuştur. Bu tür yaklaşımların dayandırıldığı teolojik zeminin ise tevhidin ulûhiyyet ve rubûbiyyet şeklinde kısımlara ayrılması olduğu görülmektedir. Oysa tevhid, Allah’ın varlığına ve birliğine imanı gerektirdiği gibi; barış, güven ve birlik temelinde tüm insanlara saygı ve merhametle davranmayı da gerektirmektedir. Bu düşünceler etrafında çalışmamızda öncelikle tevhidin ulûhiyyet, rubûbiyyet ve isim ve sıfat şeklinde tasnif edilmesinin tarihi süreci ele alınacak ve daha sonra kelâm ilmi açısından kritiği yapılmaya çalışılacaktır.
In the scientific sources of Kal?m, the topic of taw??d has been shaped around the existence and unity of Allah. Over time it is seen that taw??d has been examined by being divided it into parts in the form of ul?hiyyah, rub?biyyah, the divine names and attributes of God and that it has differed from classical sources in terms of its content. Although concepts such as ul?hiyyah and rub?biyyah were used in the sources from the first periods while the topic of taw??d was studied, it is stated that Ibn Taymiyyah was the first person to systematically address them as the sub-topics of taw??d. Subsequently, studying taw??d under these classifications was continued to this day especially by the Salafi understanding. Over time, studying taw??d by dividing it into such parts led to the birth of radical theological ideas, and taw??d ceased to be an issue of faith and affected social life. In fact, this understanding has made taw??d go beyond the field of faith and included deeds in the content of taw??d. Therefore, shortages in terms of deeds became a reason for accusing people of infidelity. So much so that some negative effects have been achieved in society that have discriminated, excluded and marginalized some people and especially believers. It is seen that the theological basis on which such approaches are based is that the division of taw??d is divided into parts in the form of ul?hiyyah and rub?biyyah. However, just as taw??d requires to believe in the existence and unity of Allah, it also requires treating all people with respect and compassion on the basis of peace, trust and unity. Based on these thoughts, in our study, first, the historical process of classifying Taw??d in the form of ul?hiyyah and rub?biyyah, the divine names and attributes of God will be discussed, and then it will be analyzed perspective of the science of kal?m.
In the scientific sources of Kal?m, the topic of taw??d has been shaped around the existence and unity of Allah. Over time it is seen that taw??d has been examined by being divided it into parts in the form of ul?hiyyah, rub?biyyah, the divine names and attributes of God and that it has differed from classical sources in terms of its content. Although concepts such as ul?hiyyah and rub?biyyah were used in the sources from the first periods while the topic of taw??d was studied, it is stated that Ibn Taymiyyah was the first person to systematically address them as the sub-topics of taw??d. Subsequently, studying taw??d under these classifications was continued to this day especially by the Salafi understanding. Over time, studying taw??d by dividing it into such parts led to the birth of radical theological ideas, and taw??d ceased to be an issue of faith and affected social life. In fact, this understanding has made taw??d go beyond the field of faith and included deeds in the content of taw??d. Therefore, shortages in terms of deeds became a reason for accusing people of infidelity. So much so that some negative effects have been achieved in society that have discriminated, excluded and marginalized some people and especially believers. It is seen that the theological basis on which such approaches are based is that the division of taw??d is divided into parts in the form of ul?hiyyah and rub?biyyah. However, just as taw??d requires to believe in the existence and unity of Allah, it also requires treating all people with respect and compassion on the basis of peace, trust and unity. Based on these thoughts, in our study, first, the historical process of classifying Taw??d in the form of ul?hiyyah and rub?biyyah, the divine names and attributes of God will be discussed, and then it will be analyzed perspective of the science of kal?m.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kelâm, Tevhid, Şirk, Ulûhiyyet, Rubûbiyyet, Kal?m, Taw??d, Shirk, Ul?hiyyah, Rub?biyyah
Kaynak
Mütefekkir
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
10
Sayı
19
