Ortaokullarda öğrenim gören mülteci ve göçmen çocukların motor beceri düzeyleri ve beden eğitimi temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesi
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Tarih
2023
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Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünya'nın farklı bölgelerinde değişik tarihlerde devam eden çatışmalar ve savaşlar, milyonlarca insanı yerinden yurdundan zorunlu göç ettirmiştir. Son yıllarda 4 milyona yakın insan Irak, Suriye ve Afganistan'dan Türkiye'ye göç etmek durumunda kalmıştır. Bu kadar çok sayıda insanın sosyal hayata katılmasıyla birlikte onların eğitimi de önemli bir gündem konusu haline gelmiştir. Göçle gelen sorunların başında göçmen ve mülteci çocukların durumu olmuştur. Çocukların eğitimleri bu sorunların başında gelmektedir. Çocukların Türk eğitim sistemine dâhil olmasıyla birlikte okullarda birtakım sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Mülteci ve göçmen çocukların temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları ve motor gelişimleri yeni geldikleri ülkedeki çocuklardan farklı olabileceği ve bundan kaynaklı yaşanabilecek uyum problemlerin tespitinin yapılması ve çözüm önerilerinin getirilmesi çalışmanın en önemli amaçlarından biridir. Çalışmaya 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Aksaray ilinde yaşayan 11-14 yaş arası ortaöğretim öğrencileri arasından rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş 148 erkek ve 123 kız olmak üzere toplam 271 gönüllü mülteci ve göçmen öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcıların motor becerileri Eurofit Test Bataryası ile temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları ise Beden Eğitiminde Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini tespit etmek amacıyla "Kişisel Bilgi Formu" kullanılmıştır. Analiz kapsamında, betimleyici istatistiklerden yararlanılmış, bunun yanında verilerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediğini test etmek amacıyla verilerin homojenliği ve varyansları test edilmiş, normalite için Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi uygulanmış ve verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda demografik değişkenler açısından elde edilen verilerle de motor beceri düzeyleri ve beden eğitiminde temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları incelenmiştir. Bağımsız gruplarda aritmetik ortalamalar arası farka ait karşılaştırmalarda t-testi kullanılmıştır. İkiden fazla değişenin yer aldığı karşılaştırmalar da ise tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmış; anlamlılık düzeyi olan heterojen dağılımlarda ise Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada grubundaki mülteci ve göçmen çocukların cinsiyete göre, anne-baba eğitim durumlarına göre, mensubu olduğu uyruğa göre, sınıfa göre, Türkiye'de kalma sürelerine göre ve sportif etkinliklere katılım sürelerine göre anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmıştır. Mülteci ve göçmen çocukların beden eğitimi temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının ve motor beceri düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerinin düzeyi ve yönü arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Mülteci ve göçmen çocukların beden eğitimi temel psikolojik ihtiyaç alt boyutlarına göre ilişki düzeyi ve yönü arasında anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; araştırmadan elde edilen tüm veriler ışığında, motor beceri düzeylerinin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında önemli faktörlerden biri olduğu söylenebilir. Fiziksel aktiviteler, beden eğitimi dersleri ve sportif branşlara yönelik faaliyetlerin motor beceri düzeylerinin geliştirilmesi sürecinde önemli bir araç olduğu bilinmekle beraber, bu araştırma sonucunda dolaylı olarak temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanması açısından da çok önemli bir yeri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Özellikle mülteci ve göçmen çocukların ülkeye entegrasyon sürecini hızlandırmak adına fiziksel aktivite, beden eğitimi dersleri ve farklı spor branşlarına ait faaliyetlerin ön plana çıkartılabileceği ve bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Conflicts and wars in different parts of the world at different dates have forced millions of people to migrate from their homes. In recent years, nearly 4 million people have had to migrate to Turkey from Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan. With such a large number of people joining social life, their education has become an important agenda item. One of the main problems arising from migration has been the situation of migrant and refugee children. The education of children is one of these problems. With the inclusion of children in the Turkish education system, a number of problems have emerged in schools. One of the most important aims of the study is to determine the basic psychological needs and motor development of refugee and immigrant children, which may be different from the children in the country they came from, and to identify the adaptation problems that may arise from this and to provide solutions. A total of 271 volunteer refugee and immigrant students (148 boys and 123 girls), randomly selected from among 11-14 years old secondary school students living in Aksaray province in the 2020-2021 academic year, participated in the study. The motor skills of the participants were determined with the Eurofit Test Battery and their basic psychological needs were determined with the Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education. In addition, "Personal Information Form" was used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the students in the research group. Within the scope of the analysis, descriptive statistics were utilized, in addition, the homogeneity and variances of the data were tested to test whether the data showed normal distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied for normality and it was seen that the data showed normal distribution. In this direction, motor skill levels and basic psychological needs in physical education were examined with the data obtained in terms of demographic variables. The t-test was used for comparisons of the difference between arithmetic averages in independent groups. One-way analysis of variance was used in comparisons involving more than two variables; Tukey test was used in heterogeneous distributions with significance level. Significant differences were found according to gender, working status of parents, nationality, age, class, length of stay in Turkey and duration of participation in sportive activities of refugee and immigrant children in the research group. Significant differences were found between the level and direction of the relationship between refugee and immigrant children's physical education basic psychological needs and motor skill levels. Significant differences were found between the level and direction of the relationship according to the sub-dimensions of refugee and immigrant children's physical education basic psychological needs. In conclusion; in the light of all the data obtained from the research, it can be said that motor skill levels are one of the important factors in meeting basic psychological needs. Although it is known that physical activities, physical education classes and activities for sportive branches are important tools in the process of developing motor skill levels, it is thought to have a very important place in terms of meeting basic psychological needs indirectly as a result of this research. Especially in order to accelerate the integration process of refugee and immigrant children into the country, it is thought that physical activity, physical education classes and activities of different sports branches can be emphasized and used as a tool.
Conflicts and wars in different parts of the world at different dates have forced millions of people to migrate from their homes. In recent years, nearly 4 million people have had to migrate to Turkey from Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan. With such a large number of people joining social life, their education has become an important agenda item. One of the main problems arising from migration has been the situation of migrant and refugee children. The education of children is one of these problems. With the inclusion of children in the Turkish education system, a number of problems have emerged in schools. One of the most important aims of the study is to determine the basic psychological needs and motor development of refugee and immigrant children, which may be different from the children in the country they came from, and to identify the adaptation problems that may arise from this and to provide solutions. A total of 271 volunteer refugee and immigrant students (148 boys and 123 girls), randomly selected from among 11-14 years old secondary school students living in Aksaray province in the 2020-2021 academic year, participated in the study. The motor skills of the participants were determined with the Eurofit Test Battery and their basic psychological needs were determined with the Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education. In addition, "Personal Information Form" was used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the students in the research group. Within the scope of the analysis, descriptive statistics were utilized, in addition, the homogeneity and variances of the data were tested to test whether the data showed normal distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied for normality and it was seen that the data showed normal distribution. In this direction, motor skill levels and basic psychological needs in physical education were examined with the data obtained in terms of demographic variables. The t-test was used for comparisons of the difference between arithmetic averages in independent groups. One-way analysis of variance was used in comparisons involving more than two variables; Tukey test was used in heterogeneous distributions with significance level. Significant differences were found according to gender, working status of parents, nationality, age, class, length of stay in Turkey and duration of participation in sportive activities of refugee and immigrant children in the research group. Significant differences were found between the level and direction of the relationship between refugee and immigrant children's physical education basic psychological needs and motor skill levels. Significant differences were found between the level and direction of the relationship according to the sub-dimensions of refugee and immigrant children's physical education basic psychological needs. In conclusion; in the light of all the data obtained from the research, it can be said that motor skill levels are one of the important factors in meeting basic psychological needs. Although it is known that physical activities, physical education classes and activities for sportive branches are important tools in the process of developing motor skill levels, it is thought to have a very important place in terms of meeting basic psychological needs indirectly as a result of this research. Especially in order to accelerate the integration process of refugee and immigrant children into the country, it is thought that physical activity, physical education classes and activities of different sports branches can be emphasized and used as a tool.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mülteci ve Göçmen, Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar, Motor Beceri, Refugee and Immigrant, Basic Psychological Needs, Motor Skills
