Türk siyasal hayatının önemli bir figürü olarak Osman Bölükbaşı
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Tarih
2023
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Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çok partili sisteme geçiş, Türk siyasal hayatına yön verecek yeni ve önemli aktörleri ortaya çıkarmıştır. Osman Bölükbaşı, vermiş olduğu mücadeleler ile bu aktörlerin başını çeken isimlerden olmuştur. Demokrat Parti (DP)'ye girerek siyasete adım atan Bölükbaşı, tek parti dönemine ve İsmet İnönü'ye yaptığı sert eleştirilerle öne çıkmıştır. Eleştiri oklarının hedefi, zamanla Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) iktidarına sert bir muhalefet yapamamakla eleştirdiği DP'ye de yönelmiştir. 1948 yılına gelindiğinde ise Bölükbaşı ve arkadaşları tarafından Millet Partisi (MP) kurulmuştur. 1950 genel seçimlerinde partisinin tek milletvekili olarak seçilen Bölükbaşı, CHP ile danışıklı dövüş yaptığını ileri sürdüğü ve muvazaa partisi olarak değerlendirdiği DP'nin giderek CHP'ye benzediğini iddia etmiştir. Yaptığı ''ısmarlamacı muhalefet'' eleştirileri ve hükümete karşı olan tavrı 1954'te Ocak ayında MP'nin laikliğe aykırılık suçlamasından dolayı kapatılmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. MP'nin kapatılması üzerine Bölükbaşı aynı yıl Şubat ayında Cumhuriyetçi Millet Partisi (CMP)'yi kurmuştur. Çoğunluk seçim sisteminin de sağladığı avantaj ile girilen 1954 genel seçiminde Bölükbaşı, memleketi olan Kırşehir'den 5 milletvekili çıkarmıştır. Bu durum üzerine Kırşehir, DP iktidarı tarafından cezalandırılarak ilçe yapılmıştır ve bu olay Türk siyasal hayatında adeta bir geryymandering örneği olarak yerini almıştır. DP'nin özellikle basın ve muhalefete uyguladığı baskıcı politikaları sürekli eleştiren Bölükbaşı, Menderes ve ekibini tasfiye eden 27 Mayıs 1960 darbesini meşru bir ihtilal olarak değerlendirmiş ve darbe sonrası kurulmak istenen yeni düzeni savunmuştur. 1961'de CHP-AP koalisyonunun kurulması üzerine ve parti içi tartışmalar sonucu Bölükbaşı, Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi'nden (CKMP) istifa etmiş ve 1962 yılında Millet Partisi'ni yeniden kurmuştur. Ancak bu dönemden sonra MP seçimlerdeki gücünü giderek kaybetmeye başlamış ve aynı siyasal tabana seslenen Demirel'in daha fazla oy alması sonucu parti giderek küçülmeye başlamıştır. 1969 yılında genel başkanlık görevinden, 1973 yılında ise milletvekilliği ile partiden ayrılan Bölükbaşı, siyasetten çekilmiştir ve 2002'de Şubat ayında Ankara'da vefat etmiştir. Osman Bölükbaşı 'nı incelemek, yalnızca bir siyasi lider kişiliğini belirlemekte kullanılabilecek bir biyografi örneği değildir. Ölümünün 21. yılında onun hayatının incelenmesi, dönemin iktidar muhalefet, ordu ve siyaset ilişkilerine ve Türk siyasal hayatının önemli bir dönemine ışık tutacaktır. Bu çalışma ile Bölükbaşı'nın Türk siyasal hayatındaki mücadeleleri ve bu mücadelelerin arkasında yatan fikirleri değerlendirmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, literatür taramasına dayalı olarak parti programları, meclis tutanakları, yerli ve yabancı yayın organları incelenerek Osman Bölükbaşı'nın siyasal hayatı ortaya konulacaktır.
Transition to the multi-party system, has revealed new and important actors that will shape Turkish political life. Osman Bolukbasi became one of the leading names of these actors with his struggles. Bolukbasi, who stepped into politics with entering Democratic Party (DP), came to the forefront with his harsh criticisms of the single-party period and Ismet Inonu. The target of his arrows of criticism was directed to DP, which he criticized for not being able to harsh oppsition to the Republican People's Party (RPP) government. When it comes to year 1948, the Nation Party (NP) was founded by Bolukbasi and his friends. Bolukbasi, who was elected as the only deputy of his party in 1950 general elections, claimed that the DP, which he asserted to barney with the RPP and which he regarded as the simulation party, gradually resembled the RPP. His ''bespoke opposition'' criticism and stance against the government, resulted in the dissolution of the NP in January 1954 on the grounds of anti-secularism. Following the closure of the NP, Bolukbasi founded the Republican Nation Party (RNP) in February the same year. In the 1954 general election, which was entered with the advantage of the majority election system, Bolukbasi elected 5 deputies from his hometown Kırsehir. Upon this situation, Kırsehir was punished by the DP government and made a borough and this event took place as an example of gerrymandering in Turkish political life. Bolukbasi, who constantly criticized especially DP's oppressive policies against press and the opposition, evaluated the 27 May 1960 coup d'état, which liquidated Menderes and his team, as a legitimate revolution and defended the new order that was desired to be established after the coup d'état. Upon the establisment of a coalition between RPP and JP in 1961 and as a result of intra-party discussions, Bolukbasi resigned from the Republican Peasant Nation Party (RPNP) and in 1962 he re-established the Nation Party again. However, after this period the NP started to lose its power in the elections and the party began to shrink gradually as Demirel, who appealed to the same political base, recieved more votes. Bolukbasi, who left from the party as chairman in 1969 and as a deputy in 1973, withdrew from politics and he died in Ankara in February 2002. Examining Osman Bolukbasi, is not just a biography instance which can be used to determine his personality as a political leader. Analyzing of his life in the 21 years of his death will shed light on the relations between the government – opposition, army and politics and a substantial period of Turkish political life. With this study, it is aimed to evaluate Bolukbasi's struggles in Turkish political life and the ideas behind them. For this purpose, the political life of Osman Bolukbasi will be revealed by eximining party programs, parliamentary minutes, domestic and foreign publications based on literature reviev.
Transition to the multi-party system, has revealed new and important actors that will shape Turkish political life. Osman Bolukbasi became one of the leading names of these actors with his struggles. Bolukbasi, who stepped into politics with entering Democratic Party (DP), came to the forefront with his harsh criticisms of the single-party period and Ismet Inonu. The target of his arrows of criticism was directed to DP, which he criticized for not being able to harsh oppsition to the Republican People's Party (RPP) government. When it comes to year 1948, the Nation Party (NP) was founded by Bolukbasi and his friends. Bolukbasi, who was elected as the only deputy of his party in 1950 general elections, claimed that the DP, which he asserted to barney with the RPP and which he regarded as the simulation party, gradually resembled the RPP. His ''bespoke opposition'' criticism and stance against the government, resulted in the dissolution of the NP in January 1954 on the grounds of anti-secularism. Following the closure of the NP, Bolukbasi founded the Republican Nation Party (RNP) in February the same year. In the 1954 general election, which was entered with the advantage of the majority election system, Bolukbasi elected 5 deputies from his hometown Kırsehir. Upon this situation, Kırsehir was punished by the DP government and made a borough and this event took place as an example of gerrymandering in Turkish political life. Bolukbasi, who constantly criticized especially DP's oppressive policies against press and the opposition, evaluated the 27 May 1960 coup d'état, which liquidated Menderes and his team, as a legitimate revolution and defended the new order that was desired to be established after the coup d'état. Upon the establisment of a coalition between RPP and JP in 1961 and as a result of intra-party discussions, Bolukbasi resigned from the Republican Peasant Nation Party (RPNP) and in 1962 he re-established the Nation Party again. However, after this period the NP started to lose its power in the elections and the party began to shrink gradually as Demirel, who appealed to the same political base, recieved more votes. Bolukbasi, who left from the party as chairman in 1969 and as a deputy in 1973, withdrew from politics and he died in Ankara in February 2002. Examining Osman Bolukbasi, is not just a biography instance which can be used to determine his personality as a political leader. Analyzing of his life in the 21 years of his death will shed light on the relations between the government – opposition, army and politics and a substantial period of Turkish political life. With this study, it is aimed to evaluate Bolukbasi's struggles in Turkish political life and the ideas behind them. For this purpose, the political life of Osman Bolukbasi will be revealed by eximining party programs, parliamentary minutes, domestic and foreign publications based on literature reviev.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çok Partili Sistem, Türk Siyasal Hayatı, Osman Bölükbaşı, Millet Partisi, Cumhuriyetçi Millet Partisi, : The multi-party System, Turkish p--Political Life, Osman Bolukbasi,, Nation Party, Republican Peasant Nation Party.-0
