Osmanlı'dan 1971'e Türkiye'de sosyalist muhalefet
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmamızın konusu, Osmanlı'dan 1971'e Türkiye'de sol/sosyalist hareketin mücadelesi ve çabalarıdır. Osmanlı son dönemlerinden başlayan çalışma 1960 öncesi ve sonrası Türkiye'de sosyalist muhalefeti incelemiştir. Çalışmada ilk bölümde sosyalizmin Anadolu'da ortaya çıkışı, ilk işçi örgütlenmeleri, ilk sosyalist partiler, milli mücadele dönemi sol düşünce ve sosyalizmin yasaklanmasıyla illegal faaliyet dönemi anlatılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise 1960 darbesi, Doğan Avcıoğlu ve faaliyetleri, birtakım sosyalist dergi ve gençlik hareketleri incelenmiştir. Sosyalist ideoloji, kendisine ancak 1961 Anayasasının getirdiği özgürlükler sayesinde uygun ve meşru zemini bulabilmiştir. Türkiye İşçi Partisi'nin 1961 sonrası siyasete çıkması ve sosyalizmin artık parlamentoda 15 milletvekili ile temsiliyet hakkı kazanması Türkiye soluna büyük ivme kazandırmıştır. Önceleri önemsenmeyen, yok sayılan sosyalizm Anadolu'da varlık mücadelesini göreceli olarak başarmıştır. 1961 anayasası sonrası demokratik ortamda parlamenter mücadele ile sosyalizmi ülkeye getirmek isteyenler, 1965 sonrasında meşru olmayan yöntemlere başvurmuşlar, bazı gençlik yapılanmaları silahlı mücadeleye girişmiş, Doğan Avcıoğlu gibi bazı aydınlar ise askeri darbe ile sosyalizmi iktidara taşımaya çalışmışlardır. Sonuç olarak 1971 tutuklamaları ve yargılanmalar ile bu mücadele hüsranla sonuçlanmıştır.
The subject of our study is the struggle and efforts of the left/socialist movement in Turkey from the Ottoman Empire to 1971. The study, which started from the last period of the Ottoman Empire, examined the socialist opposition in Turkey before and after 1960. In the first part of the study, the emergence of socialism in Anatolia, the first workers' organizations, the first socialist parties, the period of national struggle, leftist thought and the illegal activity period with the prohibition of socialism are explained. In the second part, the 1960 coup, Doğan Avcıoğlu and his activities, some socialist magazines and youth movements were examined. Socialist ideology was able to find a suitable and legitimate ground only thanks to the freedoms brought by the 1961 Constitution. The emergence of the Workers' Party of Turkey into politics after 1961 and the fact that socialism now has the right to be represented in the parliament with 15 deputies gave great impetus to the left of Turkey. Socialism, which was ignored before, has relatively succeeded in the struggle for existence in Anatolia. Those who wanted to bring socialism to the country through parliamentary struggle in the democratic environment after the 1961 constitution resorted to illegitimate methods after 1965, some youth organizations started an armed struggle, and some intellectuals such as Doğan Avcıoğlu tried to bring socialism to power with a military coup. As a result, this struggle ended in failure with the 1971 arrests and trials.
The subject of our study is the struggle and efforts of the left/socialist movement in Turkey from the Ottoman Empire to 1971. The study, which started from the last period of the Ottoman Empire, examined the socialist opposition in Turkey before and after 1960. In the first part of the study, the emergence of socialism in Anatolia, the first workers' organizations, the first socialist parties, the period of national struggle, leftist thought and the illegal activity period with the prohibition of socialism are explained. In the second part, the 1960 coup, Doğan Avcıoğlu and his activities, some socialist magazines and youth movements were examined. Socialist ideology was able to find a suitable and legitimate ground only thanks to the freedoms brought by the 1961 Constitution. The emergence of the Workers' Party of Turkey into politics after 1961 and the fact that socialism now has the right to be represented in the parliament with 15 deputies gave great impetus to the left of Turkey. Socialism, which was ignored before, has relatively succeeded in the struggle for existence in Anatolia. Those who wanted to bring socialism to the country through parliamentary struggle in the democratic environment after the 1961 constitution resorted to illegitimate methods after 1965, some youth organizations started an armed struggle, and some intellectuals such as Doğan Avcıoğlu tried to bring socialism to power with a military coup. As a result, this struggle ended in failure with the 1971 arrests and trials.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyalizm, Komünizm, İşçi, Köylü, Sol, Socialism, Communism, Communism, Worker, Peasant, Left
