İslam iktisadında yoksulluğa karşı alınan tedbirler ve Malezya örneği
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yoksulluğu azaltmak bütün toplumların en önemli hedefleri arasında bulunmaktadır. Toplumlar yoksullukla mücadelede çeşitli politikalar geliştirip uygulamaktadır. İslam dini yoksulluğu azaltıp toplumun genel refahını artırmak için bazı yükümlülükler getirmiştir. Bu tez, yoksulluk kavramını ele alarak genel bir çerçeve çizmektedir. Bu çalışmada yoksulluk türleri, nedenleri ve yoksulluğun dünya ve Türkiye'deki boyutları incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme, küreselleşme, nüfus artışı, ekonomik krizler gibi faktörleri ve ayrıca eğitim düzeyi, işsizlik ve ayrımcılık gibi sosyal etkenleri içermektedir. İkinci bölümde, İslam'da yoksulluk ve fakirlik kavramları incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde İslam'ın sosyal adalet anlayışı, insan onurunu koruma, toplumsal dayanışma ve ekonomik adalet gibi temel ilkeler ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, İslam'ın zenginlik ve yoksulluğa bakışı, zengin ve yoksulların hak ve görevleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde, İslam'ın yoksullukla mücadele stratejileri ele alınmıştır. Zekât, öşür, fitre gibi zorunlu sosyal finans araçları ve sadaka, vakıf gibi gönüllülüğe dayalı araçlar açıklanmıştır. İslami finans sisteminin yoksulluğa karşı rolü, karzı hasen, murabaha gibi araçlarla detaylandırılmış ve aynı zamanda İslam'ın yasaklayıcı finansal önlemleri vurgulanmıştır. Son bölümde, İslam ülkelerinin genel ekonomik durumu ve yoksulluk sorunu ele alınmıştır. Ardından, Malezya örneği üzerinden İslami önlemlerin yoksullukla mücadeledeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Malezya'nın ekonomik yapısı, İslami finans sistemi ve yoksullukla mücadeledeki çabaları sunulmuştur.
Reducing poverty is among the most important goals of all countries. Countries develop and implement various policies in the fight against poverty. Islam has introduced some obligations to reduce poverty and increase the general welfare of the society. This thesis draws a general framework by addressing the concept of poverty. The types of poverty, its causes and its dimensions in the world and Turkey are analysed. This examination includes factors such as globalisation, population growth, economic crises as well as social factors such as education level, unemployment and discrimination. In the second chapter, the concepts of poverty and destitution in Islam are analysed. Basic principles such as Islam's understanding of social justice, protection of human dignity, social solidarity and economic justice are presented. In addition, Islam's view of wealth and poverty, the rights and duties of the rich and the poor are emphasised. In the third chapter, Islam's strategies for combating poverty are discussed. Compulsory social finance instruments such as zakat, ushr, fitrah and voluntary instruments such as charity and waqf are explained. The role of the Islamic financial system against poverty is elaborated with instruments such as karz-el-hasan, murabaha, and at the same time Islam's prohibitive financial measures are emphasised. In the last section, the general economic situation of Islamic countries and the problem of poverty are discussed. Then, the effects of Islamic economic measures in the fight against poverty are analysed through the example of Malaysia. Malaysia's economic structure, Islamic finance system and its efforts in the fight against poverty are presented.
Reducing poverty is among the most important goals of all countries. Countries develop and implement various policies in the fight against poverty. Islam has introduced some obligations to reduce poverty and increase the general welfare of the society. This thesis draws a general framework by addressing the concept of poverty. The types of poverty, its causes and its dimensions in the world and Turkey are analysed. This examination includes factors such as globalisation, population growth, economic crises as well as social factors such as education level, unemployment and discrimination. In the second chapter, the concepts of poverty and destitution in Islam are analysed. Basic principles such as Islam's understanding of social justice, protection of human dignity, social solidarity and economic justice are presented. In addition, Islam's view of wealth and poverty, the rights and duties of the rich and the poor are emphasised. In the third chapter, Islam's strategies for combating poverty are discussed. Compulsory social finance instruments such as zakat, ushr, fitrah and voluntary instruments such as charity and waqf are explained. The role of the Islamic financial system against poverty is elaborated with instruments such as karz-el-hasan, murabaha, and at the same time Islam's prohibitive financial measures are emphasised. In the last section, the general economic situation of Islamic countries and the problem of poverty are discussed. Then, the effects of Islamic economic measures in the fight against poverty are analysed through the example of Malaysia. Malaysia's economic structure, Islamic finance system and its efforts in the fight against poverty are presented.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yoksulluk, Sadaka, Zekât, Vakıf, İslami Finans, İslami Mikrofinans, Yoksulluğu Azaltma, Malezya, Poverty, Sadaqa, Zakat, Awqaf, Islamic Microfinance, Poverty Alleviation, Malaysia
