ABD’nin 2003 Irak müdahalesinin uluslararası hukuk açısından değerlendirilmesi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
11 Eylül 2001`de Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)`ne yönelik terörist saldırılarının ABD’nin dış politikasında önemli bir değişim yaşanmasına neden olduğu dış politika kitaplarında dile getirilmektedir. Bu saldırılar sonrasında, Bush yönetimi, terörizmle savaş stratejisini benimsemiş ve güvenlik politikasını ön alıcı ve önleyici savaş kavramı ile ABD’nin yeniden 11 Eylül gibi bir saldırı yaşamasına izin vermemek iddiası üzerine oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda, yakın ve doğrudan bir tehdit olarak görülen Irak, terörizmle savaş stratejisi kapsamında ele alınmış ve 20 Mart 2003 tarihinde “Saddam kitle imha silahlarına sahip” ve “Irak ile 11 Eylül saldırılarını gerçekleştiren el-Kaide arasında bağlantı var” resmi gerekçeleri ile işgal edilmiştir. İşgalin ardından Irak’ta yapılan incelemeler ve sonrasında yayınlanan raporlar, resmi gerekçeleri boşa çıkarmış, Irak’ın kitle imha silahlarına sahip olmadığı ortaya çıkmış ve 11 Eylül terör saldırılarının faili olan el-Kaide ile ilişkili olduğu net bir şekilde ortaya konulamamıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın varsayımı, ABD’nin Irak saldırısının uluslararası hukukta ciddi tartışmalara neden olan “ön alıcı ve önleyici” savaş stratejisine dayandırılması, aslında Körfez Savaşı’ndan itibaren ABD’nin Irak’a yönelik çevreleme politikasının son aşamasıdır. Bu bağlamda, ABD işgali uluslararası hukuka göre gerçekleştirdiğini iddia etse dahi BM Anlaşmasının uluslararası hukukta bir devlete karşı kuvvet kullanmaya olanak tanıyan maddelerini ihlal etmiş, ön alıcı ve önleyici meşru müdafaa kavramını genişletmiş ve ABD’nin tek taraflı kuvvet kullanımını meşrulaştırmak için kullanmıştır. Böylece çalışmada, ABD’nin Irak’la ilgili işgal politikaları, belirtilen resmi gerekçeler ile işgalin uluslararası hukuka uygunluğuna dair tartışmalar içerisinde incelenecektir
The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States of America (USA) have been cited in foreign policy books as the cause of a significant change in the US foreign policy. In the aftermath of these attacks, the Bush administration adopted the strategy of war on terrorism and based its security policy on the concept of pre-emptive and preventive war and the assertion that the United States should not allow an attack like September 11 to happen again. In this context, Iraq, which was seen as an imminent and direct threat, was taken into consideration within the scope of the war on terrorism strategy and invaded on March 20, 2003 with the official justifications of "Saddam has weapons of mass destruction" and "there is a link between Iraq and al-Qaeda, which carried out the September 11 attacks". After the invasion, the inspections carried out in Iraq and the reports published after the invasion proved the official justifications to be false, it was revealed that Iraq did not possess weapons of mass destruction and it could not be clearly demonstrated that Iraq was related to al-Qaeda, the perpetrator of the September 11 terrorist attacks. In this context, the assumption of the study is that the US invasion of Iraq, which was based on the "pre-emptive and pre-emptive" war strategy that has caused serious debates in international law, was in fact the final stage of the US containment policy towards Iraq since the Gulf War. In this context, even though the US claimed that it carried out the invasion in accordance with international law, it violated the articles of the UN Charter that allow the use of force against a state under international law, expanded the concept of pre-emptive and pre-emptive self-defense and used it to legitimize the unilateral use of force by the US. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the US invasion policies in Iraq within the context of the official justifications and the debate on the conformity of the invasion with international law.
The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States of America (USA) have been cited in foreign policy books as the cause of a significant change in the US foreign policy. In the aftermath of these attacks, the Bush administration adopted the strategy of war on terrorism and based its security policy on the concept of pre-emptive and preventive war and the assertion that the United States should not allow an attack like September 11 to happen again. In this context, Iraq, which was seen as an imminent and direct threat, was taken into consideration within the scope of the war on terrorism strategy and invaded on March 20, 2003 with the official justifications of "Saddam has weapons of mass destruction" and "there is a link between Iraq and al-Qaeda, which carried out the September 11 attacks". After the invasion, the inspections carried out in Iraq and the reports published after the invasion proved the official justifications to be false, it was revealed that Iraq did not possess weapons of mass destruction and it could not be clearly demonstrated that Iraq was related to al-Qaeda, the perpetrator of the September 11 terrorist attacks. In this context, the assumption of the study is that the US invasion of Iraq, which was based on the "pre-emptive and pre-emptive" war strategy that has caused serious debates in international law, was in fact the final stage of the US containment policy towards Iraq since the Gulf War. In this context, even though the US claimed that it carried out the invasion in accordance with international law, it violated the articles of the UN Charter that allow the use of force against a state under international law, expanded the concept of pre-emptive and pre-emptive self-defense and used it to legitimize the unilateral use of force by the US. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the US invasion policies in Iraq within the context of the official justifications and the debate on the conformity of the invasion with international law.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
11 Eylül Saldırıları, Irak İşgali, Uluslararası Hukuk, September 11 Attacks, Invasion of Iraq, International Law
Kaynak
Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
16
Sayı
1
