Büsr b. Ebî Ertât rivayeti bağlamında savaşta hırsızlık yapan kimsenin durumu
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Aksaray Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hz. Peygamber, dine dair hükümleri tebliğ etmenin yanı sıra ilahi hükümleri hayatın tabii akışı içinde tatbik de etmiştir. Buna rağmen olağanüstü durumlarda hükümlerin icra edilmesi hususunda farklı kararlar da verebilmiştir. Böyle bir olayı örneklemek adına Büsr b. Ebî Ertât’tan (ö. 86/705) nakledilen ve savaş esnasında hırsızlık yapan bir kimseye had uygulanmamasını telkin eden bir rivayet, bu çalışmada incelenmiştir. Sahabî olup olmadığı ile ilgili tartışmalar da bulunan Büsr b. Ebî Ertât, savaşta/seferde hırsızlık yapan kimseye haddin uygulanmayacağına dair rivayeti nakleden tek sahâbî olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Ahmed b. Hanbel (ö. 241/855) başta olmak üzere Sünen sahipleri hadisi “Hz. Peygamber bize savaşta el kesmeyi yasakladı ve savaşta/seferde hırsızlık haddini uygulamayın” ifadeleriyle tahrîc etmişlerdir. Tespit edilebildiği kadarıyla on beş farklı tarikle nakledilen rivayetin bazı tariklerinde yer alan İbn Lehîa’ya yönelik tenkitler olsa da nihai anlamda hadis, sahih kabul edilmiştir. Ne var ki Büsr b. Ebî Ertât rivayeti, hadis ilmi açısından sahih kabul edilmekle birlikte ma’mülün bih olması yönünden yeterli ilgiyi görememiştir. Söz gelimi Hanefîler, bu rivayetin yerine zayıf kabul edilen ve dârülharpte had uygulanmayacağını ifade eden hadisi esas alarak hüküm vermişlerdir. Evzâî (ö. 157/774) haddin düşürülmesi gerektiğine işaret ederken Şâfiî (ö. 204/820) ise haddin her an uygulanması gerektiğine dair kanaat belirtmiştir. Çalışmada İslâm hukukunda hırsızlık ve cezasına dair verilen bilginin ardından mezkûr rivayet temel hadis kitaplarından tahrîc edilerek isnad şeması çıkartılmış ve rivayetin muhtevası İslâm hukukçularının konuya yaklaşımı etrafında analiz edilmiştir.
In addition to conveying the provisions on religion, the Prophet also applied the divine provisions in the natural flow of life. Besides, he was able to make different decisions regarding the execution of the provisions in extraordinary situations. In order to exemplify such an event, a narration conveyed from Busr Ibn Ab? Ar??t (d. 86/705) and suggested that hadd punishment should not be applied to a person who steals during the war has been examined in this study. Busr Ibn Ab? Ar??t, who also has discussions about his being a companion (sahaba), is the only companion who conveys the ?ad?th that goes: The person who steals during war/campaign time is not punished. The authors of sunans, especially Ahmed b. Hanbal (d. 241/855), refer to this ?ad?th as fallows: “The Prophet forbade us to cut our hands in war and do not apply the punishment of theft in war/campaign”. Although there are criticisms against Ibn Lehia in some of the narrations, which are transmitted in fifteen different chains as far as can be determined; in the final sense, the ?ad?th is accepted as authentic. Although Busr Ibn Ab? Ar??t’s narration is accepted as authentic in terms of the science of ?ad?th, it did not receive enough attention in terms of applicability. For example, the Hanafis gave judgment on the basis of the ?ad?th, which is considered weak and states that the hadd punishment will not be applied in d?r al-?arb instead of this narration. While al-Awz?’? pointed out that the hadd punishment should be reduced, al-Sh?fi’? expressed his opinion that the hadd punishment should be applied at any time. In this study, after giving information about robbery and its punishment in Isl?mic Law, the aforementioned narration was compiled from the main ?ad?th books and the isnad scheme was extracted and later on the content of the narration was analyzed around the approach of Isl?mic jurists to the subject.
In addition to conveying the provisions on religion, the Prophet also applied the divine provisions in the natural flow of life. Besides, he was able to make different decisions regarding the execution of the provisions in extraordinary situations. In order to exemplify such an event, a narration conveyed from Busr Ibn Ab? Ar??t (d. 86/705) and suggested that hadd punishment should not be applied to a person who steals during the war has been examined in this study. Busr Ibn Ab? Ar??t, who also has discussions about his being a companion (sahaba), is the only companion who conveys the ?ad?th that goes: The person who steals during war/campaign time is not punished. The authors of sunans, especially Ahmed b. Hanbal (d. 241/855), refer to this ?ad?th as fallows: “The Prophet forbade us to cut our hands in war and do not apply the punishment of theft in war/campaign”. Although there are criticisms against Ibn Lehia in some of the narrations, which are transmitted in fifteen different chains as far as can be determined; in the final sense, the ?ad?th is accepted as authentic. Although Busr Ibn Ab? Ar??t’s narration is accepted as authentic in terms of the science of ?ad?th, it did not receive enough attention in terms of applicability. For example, the Hanafis gave judgment on the basis of the ?ad?th, which is considered weak and states that the hadd punishment will not be applied in d?r al-?arb instead of this narration. While al-Awz?’? pointed out that the hadd punishment should be reduced, al-Sh?fi’? expressed his opinion that the hadd punishment should be applied at any time. In this study, after giving information about robbery and its punishment in Isl?mic Law, the aforementioned narration was compiled from the main ?ad?th books and the isnad scheme was extracted and later on the content of the narration was analyzed around the approach of Isl?mic jurists to the subject.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hadis, Büsr b. Ebî Ertât, Hırsızlık, Had, Tahrîc, ?adith, Busr Ibn Ab? Ar??t, Theft, Hadd, Takhr?j
Kaynak
Mütefekkir
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
9
Sayı
18
