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Öğe Antioxidant Effects of Bromelain on Paracetamol-Induced Renal Injury in Rats(AVES Yayıncılık, 2023) Akaras, Nurhan; Tokyay, Erdem; Aydemir Celep, Nevra; Yüce, Neslihan; Şimşek, Hasan; Özkan, Halil İbrahimBromelain, a natural antioxidant, is the active ingredient of pineapple. Paracetamol is a nonsteroidal drug that is used worldwide as a pain reliever and causes kidney damage in high doses. This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of bromelain on paracetamol-induced kidney damage. Methods: 56 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, namely (1) control, (2) N-acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg), (3) bromelain (100 mg/kg), (4) paracetamol (2 g/kg), (5) paracetamol (2 g/kg) + N-acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg), (6) paracetamol (2 g/ kg) + bromelain (50 mg/kg), (7) paracetamol (2 g/kg) + bromelain (100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, creatinine and urea levels from blood serum, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels from kidney tissue, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured. Additionally, the kidney was evaluated histopathologically. Results: It was determined that serum creatinine, urea levels, and kidney tissue MDA levels were significantly increased in rats in the paracetamol group compared to the control group, while SOD, GSH, and GPx activities were decreased (P < .050). N-acetylcysteine and bromelain applications were determined to decrease serum creatinine and urea levels and kidney tissue MDA levels caused by paracetamol and increased SOD, GSH, and GPx activities (P< .050). When the histopathological scores were examined, it was found that paracetamol-induced renal tissue damage was reduced by Bro50, Bro100, and N-acetylcysteine applications, and especially Bro100 application was more effective in reducing damage than N-acetylcysteine and Bro50 (P < .050). Conclusion: It was determined that increased serum urea and creatine, tissue oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes due to paracetamol have decreased thanks to the antioxidant property of bromelain. Additionally, it was determined that the Bro100 dose was more effective than the N-acetylcysteine treatment. It is thought that the obtained data will support different studies to be conducted on the usability of bromelain-supportive treatment in preventing paracetamol-induced kidney damage.Öğe The effects of donepezil on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in diabetic rats and the role of nitric oxide modulators(MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2023) Öz, Mehmet; Nurullahoğlu Atalık, Kısmet Esra; Aslanlar, Durmuş AliThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil on the diabetes- induced anxiety and depression and the role of nitric oxide in these effects. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats each): (I) normal control group, (II) untreated diabetic group, and Groups (III-V) diabetic rats received donepezil at a dose of 4 mg/kg orally for twenty days after the first 30 days of diabetes. Group 4 also received 20 mg/kg i.p., L-NAME simultaneously with donepezil for the last 20 days, while group 5 received 40 mg/kg i.p., L-Arginine during this period. A single dose of streptozotocin was used to induce experimental type 1 diabetes. Results: Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using the open field test (OFT), and depression-like behaviors were estimated using the forced swim test (FST). In the OFT, all diabetic rats spent less time in the center and engaged in less exploratory behavior than the control group. The number of lines crossed where locomotor activity was assessed did not differ significantly between groups. In the FST, duration of immobility increased significantly in diabetic groups compared to the control. Donepezil administration did not affect either depression or anxiety responses. Moreover, donepezil plus L-arginine increased diabetes-induced depression significantly. Conclusion: These findings may suggest that cholinergic and nitrergic systems may interact on depression-like behaviors in diabetic rats.Öğe The effects of MDR-1 gene polymorphisms on the clinical course of chronic hepatitis B infection(MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2023) Şıvgın, Hakan; Yılmaz, Abdülkerim; Rüstemoğlu, Aydın; Öztürk, Banu; Şahin, Şafak; Taşlıyurt, TürkerChronic HBV infection is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate due to the increased risk of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Treatment modalities and resistance are currently being investigated. Several mechanisms underlie drug resistance. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1), is a well-known mechanism of the MDR phenotype. MDR gene C1236T polymorphism is associated with decreased p-gp function. The mutation of the MDR gene can affect the clinical course of the disease and response rate to treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between MDR gene polymorphism and clinical course and treatment responses in chronic HBV infection. Methods: A total of 90 (male∕female: 69/21) patients with chronic HBV infection under Lamivudine treatment were enrolled in this study. Mean ages were 49.8±12.6 (range: 22-75) years. The patients were categorized as: Treatment-respondent (group 1: HBV-DNA is negative at the 24th week) and treatment-refractory (group 2: HBV-DNA is still positive after the 24th week). Group 1 consisted of 51 (M/F: 38/13) and group 2 consisted of 39 (M∕F: 31∕9) patients. There was no significant difference between the ages and genders of the two groups. Histologic activity indexes (HAI), total bilirubin, AST and ALT levels, and HBV-DNA titers were significantly higher in the patients in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05).Öğe Investigation of the Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid Administration at Different Doses on Behavioral Disorders in Rats(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Şimşek, Hasan; Kandemir, Özge; Akaras, NurhanAspirin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs worldwide. Neurodegenerative diseases adversely affect the central nervous system, leading to cognitive decline. Aspirin has different pharmacological activities at different doses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the active ingredient of aspirin, administered at different doses on the parameters that play a role in cognitive function using molecular and histological methods and behavioral tests. For this purpose, 28 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Control, ASA-low dose (1mg/kg), ASA-moderate dose (10mg/kg) and ASA-high dose (100mg/kg). ASA was intragastrically administered as a single dose, and an open field test was performed 3 hours later. Subsequently, hippocampus tissues were obtained, and the hippocampus tissue structure was analyzed by analyzing the parameters involved in antioxidant capacity, inflammation, apoptosis, and memory. ASA, especially at moderate doses, increased antioxidant capacity and partially reduced inflammation and apoptotic damage. At high doses, the opposite effect was observed, and the damage levels. Similar effects were detected by histological examination. Although there were no structural defects at low or moderate doses, structural defects were observed at high doses. Although there was no difference in the open field test findings between the groups, the time spent in the center, distance traveled, and speed was slightly higher in the ASA moderate-dose group. In conclusion, ASA may contribute to the improvement of cognitive function at low and moderate doses. However, high doses may cause cognitive impairment.Öğe Carvacrol Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Cardiotoxicity By Regulating Notch/Hes1 Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death In Rat Cardiac Tissue(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Akaras, Nurhan; Kandemir, Özge; Şimşek, HasanCisplatin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents used mainly in the treatment of solid tumors. High doses and long-term use of Cisplatin are known to cause cardiotoxicity. In recent years, the antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of Carvacrol in cardiovascular diseases have attracted attention. In this study, the effects of Carvacrol on Cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model were investigated using biochemical and histological methods. Twenty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: 1. Control group, 2. Carvacrol group, 3. Cisplatin group, 4. Cisplatin + Carvacrol group. The expression of antioxidant enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and autophagic proteins was examined in heart tissue obtained from rats sacrificed after the last drug administration. Additionally, heart tissue was evaluated histopathologically. Cisplatin has been observed to cause oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in animal heart tissue. Carvacrol administration significantly increased antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities while suppressing inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β). Additionally, Cisplatin induced apoptotic (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) and autophagic (Beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B) markers. It has been determined that carvacrol can protect heart tissues from the destructive effects of cisplatin by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects. The expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1, which were decreased by cisplatin administration, were upregulated after administration of Carvacrol. H&E staining results showed that Carvacrol preserved myocardial tissue integrity. In conclusion, Carvacrol showed a cardioprotective effect against cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity.Öğe Empirical Research Investigating the Relationships Between Work Stress, Work Performance, and Mobbing (Psychological Bullying) in Health Institutions(Kafkas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2024) Keleş, Gökhan; Doğru, Çağlar; İkinci Keleş, AyşeThis study examines the relationships between work stress, work performance, and mobbing in health institutions. Material and Method: A questionnaire was applied to 272 individuals working in any health institution in Türkiye in 2021 based on voluntary participation with the snowball method. The web-based questionnaires were prepared online using Google Documents. They were sent to the health workers’ social-based addresses together with an introductory letter. The questionnaire was applied in four main sections: demographic information (8 questions), work stress (7 questions), work performance (4 questions), and mobbing (37 questions). Results: The study showed that 36.4% of academics, 30% of secretaries, 28.6% of security staff, 23% of technicians, 22.2% of social workers, 20% of midwives, 19.5% of physicians, and 15.4% of patient carers were exposed to mobbing. In addition, men were more subjected to mobbing than women (p=0.010). Statistically significant differences were determined between the occupational groups regarding work stress scale scores (p=0.001). The group with the highest work stress was security staff, with patient carers being the group with the lowest stress. Women also experienced significantly higher levels of work stress than men (p=0.028). Statistically, significant differences were also observed regarding the number of patients encountered (p=0.035). Work stress was found to increase in line with patient numbers. Analysis of the participants’ work performance showed that such performance was very high. Significant variations were determined between work performance scale scores and the years spent working in the most recent institution (p=0.019). The work performance of participants who had worked for 11–15 years was lower than that of other periods, the highest work performance being observed in participants with 21–25 years of work experience. Conclusion: In conclusion, individuals working in any health institution were found to be exposed to mobbing and to experience work stress in the working environment but exhibited good work performance. No statistically significant association was determined between mobbing and work performance or stress. At the same time, a negative correlation was observed between work performance and work stress.Öğe Nervus ischiadicus variations and clinical importance: A cadaver and MRI study(Bayrakol MP, 2025) Taş, Ferhat; Özbağ, Davut; Öğetürk, Murat; Maraş Özdemir, Zeynep; Karatoprak, Nur Betül; Çevirgen, Furkan; Arpacı, Furkan; Karataş, TurgayIn this study, the variations, bifurcation levels, morphometric and topographic features of the ischiadicus nerve (NI), which has an important role in its protection, were investigated. Material and Methods: In eighteen cadaver limb dissections, variations related to NI and musculus piriformis (MP) and NI bifurcation levels, morphometric and topographic features of NI were investigated. At the foramen infrapiriforme (FI) exit, the distance between NI and trochanter major (TM), spina iliaca anterior superior (SIAS), crista iliaca (CI), spina iliaca posterior superior (SIPS), hiatus sacralis (HS) and tuber ischiadicum (TI) was measured. NI variations were investigated in 115 hip MRIs of 59 patients in the radiology archives. Results: No variation was encountered in NIs other than Type A, which is the most common and considered normal. In all lower extremities, it was observed that the NI bifurcated in the distal 1/3 of the thigh (Group E). FI-TM: 71 +/- 9.62 mm, FI-SIAS: 129.56 +/- 8.98 mm, FI-CI: 134.6 +/- 6.33 mm, FI-SIPS: 80.77 +/- 10.40 mm, FI-HS: 78.16 +/- 10.54 mm and FI-TI: 55.11 +/- 5.56 mm was found. 115 Magnetic resonance radiographs (MRI) showed Type B variation in 5 hips (4.34%) and Type A variation in the others (95.65%). Discussion: We think that our cadaver and MRI study can serve as a guide during clinical practice and will be useful in reducing NI injuries.Öğe Chrysin Counteracts Sodium Hydroxide-Induced Alkali Esophageal Burn by Regulating Beclin-1/HO-1/NQO1, PERK/IRE1-α/ATF-6, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis Signaling Pathways and Ki-67, EGF Expressions in Rats(Springer Nature, 2025) Öztürk, Ayşe Betül; Şimşek, Hasan; Akaras, Nurhan; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetAim Alkali-esophageal burn due to ingestion of corrosive substances is an important clinical entity that can be seen in all age groups, especially children. Chrysin is a natural favonoid compound with a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-infammatory, antiapoptotic, and anticancer efects. This study aimed to ascertain the preventive efcacy of chrysin in the treatment of alkali-esophageal burns. Materials and Methods Rats were administered 0.2 ml of 25% NaOH orally and CHR at 25 and 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally for four days. The levels of oxidative stress, ER stress, infammation, damage, and apoptotic and autophagic cell death in esophageal tissues were analyzed using biochemical and molecular methods. Additionally, esophageal tissue structure and function were examined using histological methods. Results Chrysin alleviated NaOH-induced increased oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing antioxidants. Chrysin alleviated infammation damage by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Chrysin decreased apoptotic Caspase-3, and Bax and increased antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Moreover, Chrysin reduced autophagic death damage and ER stress damage. Chrysin facilitated the restoration of impaired structural integrity of esophageal tissue and increased Ki-67 and EGF levels, contributing to the healing process. Conclusion Chrysin exhibited antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-autophagic, anti-infammatory, and anti-oxidant properties in alkali esophageal burns, as well as an efect on reducing ER stress injury. Additionally, chrysin facilitates esophageal tissue healing and maintains tissue integrity.Öğe Carvacrol Coadministration Ameliorates Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats: Behavioral and Molecular Evidence(Wiley, 2025) Kandemir, Özge; İleriturk, Mustafa; Gür, Cihan; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Yılmaz, Selçuk; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetThis study aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CRV) against Lambda-cyhalothrin (CYH)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups: Control, CRV, CYH, CYH+CRV25, and CYH+CRV50. CRV 25 or 50 mg/kg and CYH 6.23 mg/kg were administered orally for 21 days. The effects of these treatments were evaluated by hot plate and rotarod tests, followed by molecular, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses of sciatic nerve tissues. CYH administration significantly impaired both sensory and motor functions. CRV doses (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) administered with CYH significantly improved these impairments (p < 0.001). Additionally, CYH increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidants, while CRV treatment reversed these effects. CRV also suppressed inflammation (p < 0.01), apoptosis (p < 0.001), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (p < 0.001), with the 50 mg/kg dose being more effective. Morphological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that CRV treatment partially repaired CYH-induced nerve damage, with both doses reducing 8-OHdG and beclin-1 immunoreactions. The data revealed that CYH induced inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in sciatic tissue, while CRV exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, reducing the damage and suggesting its potential as a supportive treatment for CYH-induced sciatic damage.Öğe Morin Attenuates Diclofenac-Induced Hepatocellular Death Injury via Nrf2/Ho-1/NQO1, Beclin-1/LC3A/LC3B and p53/Bax/Caspase Signalling Pathways(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Gür, Cihan; Küçükler, Sefa; İleritürk, Mustafa; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetDiclofenac (DF), a nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drug, has limited use due to its adverse effects on the liver. On the other hand, morin, a bioflavonoid, has biological and pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate whether morin may protect against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity. For this purpose, morin (50 or 100 mg/kg) treatment was given orally to the rats for 5 days, and DF (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the 4th and 5th days of the study. Molecular, biochemical, immunohistochemical and histological methods were used to investigate cyclooxygenase enzymes, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in liver tissue. According to the data obtained, it was observed that DF caused oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis damage in liver tissues. Morin showed antioxidant properties, causing a decrease in MDA in hepatic tissue, an increase in the activities of endogenous antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH, HO-1, Nrf2 and NQO1 mRNA levels. Moreover, morin reversed the changes in the levels of apoptotic and autophagic parameters such as bax, bcl-2, cytochrome c, p53, Apaf-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B, MAPK14, MAP15, JNK. When the histopathological analysis results were examined, degenerative changes occurred in the livers of rats administered DF, while morin administration showed a morphological structure close to the control group. As a result, it was determined that oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis caused by DF were suppressed by morin, thus protecting the liver tissue from damage.Öğe Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Aksaray Region(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Güvenç, Firdevs; Türkel, Selçuk; Akıneden, Altan; Duman, YücelPurpose: Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis in the world caused by brucella genus bacteria and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The definitive diagnosis of the disease is the isolation of the agent in culture, but serological tests are often used in diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in our region. Material and Method: The study included 7087 serum samples sent to the medical microbiology laboratory with suspicion of brucellosis from clinics between January 2023 and December 2024 to Aksaray education and research hospital. The Rose-Bengal (RB) and Coombs agglutination test results of sera were retrospectively examined. Results: Out of the 7087 patients included in the study, 622 (8.8%) had a positive RB test, and 579 patients (8.2%) had a Coombs agglutination test titer of 1/160 and above. The median age of patients with a positive Coombs agglutination test was detected as 41.57 ± 3.9 (min 1 - max 80) and 56.8% (n=329) of these patients were male and 43.2% (n=250) were female. Brucellosis seroprevalence was 47.6% in the 20-50 age range and 69.4% in the 20-60 age range. We also determined the seroprevalence of brucellosis as 17.6% in the 0-20 age range and 9.2% in those over 65 years of age. Conclusion: Preventing the transmission of brucellosis to humans primarily depends on controlling and eradicating disease in animals. In this context, we believe that success will be achieved through promotional controls, especially through effective policies, measures and projects that will be jointly developed by the Ministry of Agriculture and universitiesÖğe Investigation of Faecal-Oral Transmitted Parasites in Communal Toilets(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Eroğlu, Fadime; Arsu, Dilek; Özlen, Hüseyin; Sarıkaya, ÖmerPurpose: The aim of the study was to determine the parasites transmitted by the faecal-oral route in communal toilets and to study the personal hygiene habits of the users of these toilets. Material and Method: A total of 96 swab samples, 24 each from water containers, door handles, faucet heads and sink edges used for anogenital cleaning in toilets, were investigated for parasites transmitted by fecal-oral route. DNA was isolated from these samples using the DNeasy PowerSoil kit and real-time PCR analysis was performed using parasite-specific primer-probes. A survey was also conducted to determine the personal hygiene habits of students using the toilets, including questions such as hand washing and flushing. Results: In 24 swab samples (n=24) taken from water containers used for anogenital cleansing in toilets, C. parvum was detected in 16.7% (4/24), E. histolytica in 8.3% (2/24) and G. lamblia in 12.5% (3/24), while no parasites were found in 62.5% (15/24). In 24 swab samples taken from door handles, C. parvum was detected in 8.3% (2/24), E. histolytica in 4.2% (1/24) and G. lamblia in 8.3% (2/24), while no parasites were detected in 79.2% (19/24). In 24 swab samples taken from door handles, C. parvum was detected in 8.3% (2/24), E. histolytica in 4.2% (1/24) and G. lamblia in 8.3% (2/24), and no parasites were detected in 79.2% (19/24). In 24 swab samples taken from tap heads, C. parvum was detected in 12.5% (3/24) and G. lamblia in 4.2% (1/24), while no parasites were detected in 83.3% (20/24). In 24 swab samples taken from the sink edges, C. parvum was detected in only 4.2% (1/24) and no parasites were detected in 95.8% (23/24). According to the survey results, it was found that girls paid more attention to hand washing hands and flushing toilets than boys (p<0.05), and it was found that these hygiene habits were first acquired in the family (p<0.05). However, it was found that students were not sufficiently informed about the possibility of contracting diseases through communal toilet facilities. Conclusion: Communal toilets in large centres such as schools and hospitals play an important role in the transmission of faecal-oral parasites and the spread of intestinal parasitic diseases. However, families play the primary role in helping people to adopt personal hygiene habits in toilets.Öğe Protective Effects of Melatonin and Alpha Lipoic Acid Against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity(Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Meram Tıp Fakültesi, 2025) Dündar, Mehmet Akif; Çolpan, Bahar; Öz, MehmetTo investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin and alpha-lipoic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in a rat model using brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Materials and Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, cisplatin-only, melatonin-only, alpha-lipoic acid-only, cisplatin+melatonin, and cisplatin+alpha-lipoic acid. Cisplatin was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg). Melatonin (4 mg/kg) and alpha-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg) were administered daily for eight days, starting one day before cisplatin. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials were measured at baseline and on days 3, 7, and 15. Wave latencies, interpeak latencies, hearing thresholds, and waveform morphology were analyzed. Results: Cisplatin administration resulted in significant prolongation of wave V latency and increased hearing thresholds. Melatonin treatment significantly mitigated cisplatin-induced changes in wave V latency and hearing thresholds compared to cisplatin alone (p<0.05). Alpha-lipoic acid did not demonstrate significant protection against cisplatin-induced changes. Both melatonin and alpha-lipoic acid groups showed alterations in wave latencies when administered alone. Waveform distortions were most prevalent in the cisplatin group, with lower incidence in melatonin and alpha-lipoic acid treatment groups. Conclusions: Treatment with melatonin significantly mitigates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats, likely due to its potent antioxidant properties. This finding supports the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic strategy to prevent or minimize hearing loss in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. However, alpha-lipoic acid did not exhibit significant protection in this study, warranting further investigation. Keywords: Cisplatin, ototoxicity, melatonin, alpha-lipoic acid, antioxidants.Öğe Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field During Adolescence Can Cause Destruction and Pain in Bone Tissue and Cells While Also Triggering New Bone Formation(Springer International Publishing, 2025) İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Kaya, Haydar; İkinci Keleş, Gökhan; Tümkaya, LeventThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the application during adolescence of a 0.9 Gigahertz electromagnetic field (EMF) on rat femoral bone tissue and locomotor activity. Methods: Twenty-four male 21-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, sham and EMF-exposed groups (n = 8). The control group was not exposed to any treatment, while both the EMF and sham groups were subjected to the exposure system for 25 days, the EMF group receiving treatment for one hour each day. Only the EMF group received the 0.9 Gigahertz EMF. All groups were subjected to open-field testing to evaluate locomotor activity on postnatal day 46. The animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 47, and the right femoral bones were removed and subjected to histopathological and stereological analyses. Results: Pathological changes were detected in the femoral bones from the EMF group, including significant decreases in the width of the femoral bone wall, trabecular volume, and total bone area. Osteocyte and osteoblast numbers also decreased significantly, while osteoclast numbers exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05). Megakaryocytic hyperplasia and intravascular thrombus were observed in the bone marrow. The open-field test results revealed a significant decrease in EMF group rat motor functions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings show that a 0.9 Gigahertz EMF applied in the adolescent period leads to changes in femoral bone and bone marrow. This effect causes pathological and structural changes in rat bone tissue, and these may restrict the animals’ motor activities by causing pain.Öğe The role of PRP in the healing of disc degeneration and the effect of local anesthetics on PRP(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Mert, Ahmet; İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Aydın, Murat; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Sönmez, Osman FikretThis study aimed to investigate the regenerative effects of PRP on an experimental rat model of disc degeneration using histological and biochemical parameters. Additionally, we evaluated whether ropivacaine, a local anesthetic commonly used in clinical practice, affects the efficacy of PRP. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups as control and treatment groups. Disc degeneration models were established using appropriate procedures. On the intervention day, PRP was prepared from whole blood collected from the rats. PRP, PRP + ropivacaine, or ropivacaine alone was administered at the appropriate doses and according to standardized protocols. Results: In the untreated disc degeneration groups, annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) boundaries were indistinct, disc morphology was disrupted, collagen structures in the AF were degenerated or irregular, and vacuolization, interstitial edema, and necrotic tissue remnants were observed in the NP region. In contrast, in groups treated with PRP and PRP + ropivacaine, a reduction in edema and vacuolization, disappearance of necrotic tissue, restoration of distinct NP and AF boundaries, and decreased atrophy and cellular clustering in NP cells were observed. Biochemical analysis showed that IL-6 and TNF-α levels were within normal ranges in the groups treated with PRP and PRP + ropivacaine, whereas these levels remained elevated in the untreated disc degeneration groups, indicating ongoing effects of degeneration. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the regenerative effects of PRP in disc degeneration through histological and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, the addition of ropivacaine to PRP did not exert any negative effects on PRP’s regenerative properties.Öğe Etiology of Hematospermia in Turkish Men: Multicentric Study(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Gönültaş, Serkan; Baydilli, Numan; Solakhan, Mehmet; Güzel, Ahmet; Kardaş, Sina; Demirci, AykutHematospermia is defined as the presence of blood in the semen. The data regarding its etiology and management is variable across the literature. Aims: To investigate the etiology of hematospermia in Türkiye so as to contribute to the current management strategies for hematospermia. Methods: An online study protocol was published through the Turkish Urology Association communication network, and the centers that met the criteria were included in the study. All patients who presented with hematospermia complaints in the past 1 year were subjected to detailed anamnesis, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests. Based on the results, the patients were assigned to Group 1 (patients aged < 40 years with only one episode of hematospermia in the past 6 months) or Group 2 (patients with concomitant symptoms or ≥ 40 years or ≥ 2 times in the past 6 months). Radiological imaging was performed for the patients in Group 2. Results: A total of 199 patients (Group 1: 44, Group 2: 155; mean age: 43.07 ± 14.73 years; age range: 16-73 years) from across 42 cities and 22 different centers were enrolled in this study. In the etiological classification, inflammation was identified as the most common cause (n = 76, 38.1%). Idiopathic hematospermia was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (70.4% vs. 112.2%, respectively), and hematospermia was associated with malignancy in 9 (5.8%) Group 2 patients. Positivity was detected in urine or semen cultures in 20 (12.9%) patients, and hematospermia occurred after COVID-19 infection in 2 patients. A significant correlation was noted between patients showing no-concomitant symptoms and those showing idiopathic hematospermia, inflammation, malignancy, varicocele, and multiple etiological factors (p = 0.004, p = 0.028, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.026, p = 0.016). The most common radiological findings were an increase in the prostate volume (n = 48, 30.9%) and changes in the signal intensities of the seminal vesicles (n = 29, 18.7%). Despite the use of different approaches to manage idiopathic hematospermia, the patients’ survey results were generally similar. Conclusion: Hematospermia in all age groups occurs generally due to self-limiting benign causes. Diagnostic imaging should therefore evaluate the elucidate etiology in patients with identified risk factors so as to avoid unnecessary treatments in idiopathic patients.Öğe Hesperidin ameliorates vancomycin-induced kidney injury via multipathway modulation: Nrf-2/HO-1, Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2, ATF-4, KIM-1 and improved renal tissue function(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Gencer, Selman; Şimşek, Hasan; Akaras, Nurhan; Gür, Cihan; İleritürk, Mustafa; Kandemir, Özge; Küçükler, Sefa; Kankılıç, Nazım Abdülkadir; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetVancomycin (VCM) is a therapeutic agent used to treat drug-resistant gram-positive bacteria. However, its high-dose use is associated with nephrotoxicity, limiting its clinical application. Hesperidin (HES), a flavonoid naturally found in citrus fruits, exhibits various biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. While HES has been shown to exert protective effects in several organ systems, its potential role in preventing VCM-induced nephrotoxicity remains unclear. This study investigates whether HES can mitigate VCM-induced renal damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. VCM was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg for seven days. HES (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) was administered orally for seven days. Biochemical, and molecular methods were used to investigate indicators of oxidative stress, ER stress damage, apoptotic and autophagic death in kidney tissue. Additionally, histological methods were used to determine the structural and functional characteristics of kidney tissue. HES treatment alleviated VCM-induced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) and reducing increased MDA levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. In addition, HES increased antioxidant activity by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. VCM-induced increases in apoptotic Bax, Caspase-3, and P53 were reduced by HES, while the decreased level of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was increased. HES reduced VCM-induced ER stress damage by reducing the levels of ATF-4, ATF-6, eIF2-α, and CHOP. HES treatment attempted to preserve kidney function and structural integrity. Overall, HES was effective in reducing VCM-induced nephrotoxicity damage and may be an effective treatment option.Öğe Alleviating doxorubicin-induced reproductive toxicity: protective and androgenic effects of drone larvae on sperm morphology and hormonal balance(Springer, 2025) Ağan, Kağan; Kaya, Salih Tunç; Ağan, Aydan Fülden; Yoldaş, Taner; İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Çaprazlı, Tuğçe; Arıca, Elif; Kekeçoğlu, MeralMale infertility and compromised sperm quality are common side effects of Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapy drug. Its detrimental impact on male reproductive cells underscores the urgent need for effective protective measures. Lyophilized drone larvae (DL) from apitherapy have emerged as a potential solution due to their reported protective properties. By exploring DL’s therapeutic potential, this research seeks to address the pressing need for strategies to protect male reproductive health during cancer treatment. The study aims to evaluate the protective effects of lyophilized DL from apitherapy against DOX-induced testicular damage in adult Sprague–Dawley rats. DOX negatively impacts male reproductive cells, leading to infertility and compromised sperm quality. Investigating DL’s protective properties is crucial for understanding its therapeutic potential in mitigating such adverse effects. Forty rats were divided into four groups: control, DOX-treated, DL-treated, and DOX + DL-treated. Histopathological assessments, biochemical analyses (TAS, TOS, CAT, SOD, GPX), inflammatory marker measurements (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and comet assays for DNA damage were conducted on testicular tissue and blood samples. DOX induced histopathological alterations in the testis and epididymis, which DL mitigated. DL increased TAS levels, counteracted DOX-induced decreases in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total protein, albumin, and increases in total cholesterol. DL also mitigated the rise in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels caused by DOX, while increasing testosterone levels and lowering Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels. Inflammatory markers remained unaffected. Tail moment measurements indicated a protective effect against DOX-induced DNA damage in erythrocytes with DL. DL protected sperm morphology, count, and Johnsen’s score from DOX-induced reductions, suggesting its potential in mitigating cancer treatment side effects on male reproductive health. The findings suggest that DL, as an apitherapy product, holds significant promise in mitigating DOX’s adverse effects on male reproductive systems. However, further investigations into its mechanisms and clinical applications in cancer therapy are warranted, emphasizing the need for continued research to fully understand DL’s therapeutic benefits.Öğe The Effect of the Maxillary Sinus Volume on the Morphology and Angulation of the Infraorbital Canal in Relation to Age and Gender(Springer, 2025) Açar, Gülay; Gökşan, Ahmet Safa; Magat, GüldaneAlthough the infraorbital canal (IOC) and maxillary sinus (MS) have been well studied, understanding the effect of MS volume (MSV) on IOC morphology is critical in determining the safest surgical route for infraorbital depression and transmaxillary procedures. Objectives: We aimed to describe the IOC types, measure the MSV and IOC angles (IOCA) in all three planes, and analyse the relationship between them using three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: CBCT images of 280 patients were analysed to identify the IOC types and accessory IOC (IOCa), and to measure morphometric parameters. The relationship between them was examined using statistical analysis in relation to age, gender, and laterality. Results: The most common IOC type was Type I (59.6%), followed by Type II (21.8%), Type III (13.6%), and Type IV (5%). According to MSV, three types of MS were described, with 38.2, 34.6, and 27.2% having normal, hypoplastic, and hyperplastic MS, respectively. Also, hyperplastic MS was associated with the highest likelihood of Type III IOC. Furthermore, logistic regression model revealed that the MSV and IOCA3 had a positive significant effect on the IOC protrusion, whereas being female, increasing age and IOCA1 had a negative significant effect on MS pneumatization. The probability of having hyperplastic MS, Types II and III IOC, IOCa also decreased with increasing age. Conclusions: Using 3D technology, the results of this study provide a detailed classification of IOC and MS types, increasing the number of treatment options and reducing the risk of complications during surgery. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.Öğe Protective Effects of Chrysin Against Diclofenac-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Çağlayan, Cüneyt; Ekinci, İzzettin; Gür, Cihan; Ayna, Adnan; Bayav, İbrahim; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetDiclofenac (DCL) is a broadly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain management and has been linked to nephrotoxicity despite its therapeutic benefits. This study provides new insights into the palliative impacts of chrysin (CH) against DCL-induced kidney damage by modulating oxidative injury, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. The rats were divided into five groups: the control group (Group 1), CH-only group (50 mg/kg, Group 2), DCL-only group (50 mg/kg, Group 3), DCL + CH (25 mg/kg, Group 4), and DCL + CH (50 mg/kg, Group 5). DCL injection led to significant renal damage marked by elevated serum urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase). The mRNA expression levels of Ho-1 and Nrf2 were also suppressed. Additionally, DCL treatment triggered apoptosis as evidenced by increased expression of Bax and caspase-3 alongside decreased Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, DCL induced ER stress was confirmed by upregulation of Perk, Ire1, Atf-6, and Grp78 transcription levels. Also, it was demonstrated that DCL treatment upregulated Mmp2 and Mmp9 levels. Treatment with CH significantly mitigated these adverse effects suggesting that CH effectively protects DCL-induced kidney toxicity by targeting multiple pathways. In summary, this study highlights the importance of CH as a promising therapeutic agent for alleviating kidney damage associated with DCL toxicity.
