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Covid-19 hastalarında sars CoV-2 RT-PCR pozitifliği ve hematolojik parametrelerin önemi
(Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti, 2022) Akıneden, Altan; Çiçek, Cemal; Türkel, Selçuk; Sibel cigdem, Tuncer
Pandemiye neden olan COVID-19 hastalığının tanısı; klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik yöntemlerle konulmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, COVID-19 tanısı ile servis veya yoğun bakımda yatan olgularda, gerçek zamanlı PCR (RT-PCR) eşik döngü (Ct) değeri ile hemogram alt parametreleri arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, Kasım 2020-Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında COVID-19 servisinde yatan 98 olgu araştırıldı. Olgular yattıkları servise göre; yoğun bakım ve servis olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Olgular; yaş, cinsiyet, RT-PCR Ct değerleri ve hematolojik parametrelere göre incelendi. Bulgular: Araştırılan olguların 45’i kadın ve 53’ü erkekti. Yaş ortalaması serviste 61.8, yoğun bakımda 75.5’ti (p=0.02). RT-PCR Ct değerlerinde yoğun bakım ve servis hastaları arasında fark gözlemlenmedi (p=0.068). İki hasta grubu arasında; lökosit, nötrofil, trombosit, plateletkrit ve trombosit/lenfosit oranı değerleri arasında fark bulunamadı (p>0.05). Ancak, yoğun bakım hastalarında servis hastalarına göre lenfosit, eosinofil, eritrosit ve hemoglobin değerlerinde düşme görüldü. Öte yandan eritrosit dağılım genişliği-varyasyon katsayısı, eritrosit dağılım genişliği-standart sapma, trombosit, ortalama trombosit volümü, trombosit dağılım genişliği ve nötrofil/lenfosit oranı değerinde yükselme saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamıza göre, servis ve yoğun bakımda yatış açısından RT-PCR Ct değerlerinin bir anlamı olmadığı, ancak hematolojik parametrelerin takibinin önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Does MDR1 promoter methylation affect temozolomide resistance? A clinical study in patients with glioblastoma
(Eylem Değirmenci, 2022) Güner, Yahya Efe; Al-Beyati, Eyyub S M; Kurt Kızıldoğan, Aslıhan; Gökmen, Derya; Şahin, Vedat; Taşpınar, Filiz; Tetik, Bora; Taşpınar, Mehmet; Uğur , Hasan Çağlar
The multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene expression and its epigenetic status may be an important factor in the chemotherapeutic resistance of glioblastoma (GB). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the MDR1 promoter methylation status on GB tumor tissue related with patient survival, chemotherapy resistance, and recurrence of the disease.Materials and methods: Thirty-six patients underwent surgery for GB at the Neurosurgery Department of Ankara University School of Medicine. The patients’ clinical information and the MDR1 methylation status of the tumor tissues was compared to determine the effects on patient survival, chemotherapy resistance, and tumor recurrence.Results: Patients with MDR1 methylated GB had statistically significantly (p<0.001) shorter survival times. Early recurrence was detected in 25% of the patients with unmethylated tumor tissues and in 39.3% with hemimethylated tumor tissues.Conclusion: Instead of using the standard chemotherapeutics in all the patients with GB, tissue-specific medications must be chosen while taking into consideration the epigenomic characteristics and expression status of the tumor because of the genetic heterogeneity of GB. This is the first study to show the association between MDR1 promoter methylation and the clinical data of GB in the literature.
In vitro evaluation of glutathione implementation on oxidative dna damage and oxidant status in high glucose conditions
(Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Yur, Fatmagül; Dede, Semiha; Çetin, Sedat; Taşpınar, Mehmet; Usta, Ayşe
This study aimed to show the effects of glutathione, recognized by its antioxidant specialties, on the potential DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine) and the antioxidant system changes upon its implementation in BHK-21 cells cultured with high glucose. Materials and Methods: BHK-21 cell line was regularly surpassed in vitro conditions (5% FBS, 10% horse serum, 1% L-Glutamine, 1% penicillin/ streptomycin in RPMI 1640 medium, and 5% CO2 and 95% humidity and 37oC) incubated. The control group determined glucose's IC50 value based on the viability tests executed on MTT cells. Cells were seeded in plates as each would have 2x106 cells. The control, the test, and the crossbreed test (glucose; (285 mM), glutathione (250 μM)) groups were prepared. After 24 hours of incubation, trypsinized cells were designed for analysis through vitrification. In the lysate of the cell culture that was procured, Oxidative DNA damage, TAS, TSO, and OSI were measured by the spectrophotometric system with ELISA. Results: It was observed that 8-OHdG levels increased significantly with glucose application. Moreover, the increase in the HG+GSH group was more significant when compared to the control group (p≤0.05). No difference with the control group was found only in the group where GSH was applied. As for TAS, whereas any difference was observed in GSH used groups, the increase in the HG+GSH group was significant compared to the control group (p≤0.05). that were the same as the control group. TOS and OSI considerably increased in HG + GSH implemented groups as to the control group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, no protective impacts of glutathione at the cellular level in the doses mentioned above were observed on high-dose glucose implemented cells. On the other hand, it was revealed that the applied amounts of glutathione in the process did not cause any toxic effects.
An examination of blind mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon) brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord tissues: A histological and stereological study
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2022) İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Biterge Süt, Burcu; Kankılıç, Teoman
The purpose of this study was to perform a histological examination of blind mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon) brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord tissues. Six blind mole-rats were caught in a natural environment, anesthetized with ether, and sacrificed. Brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord tissues were then removed. All tissues were kept in 10% formaldehyde for one week, at the end of which they were subjected to routine histological procedures and embedded in blocks. Five micron-thick sections were taken from the blocks (5 and 15 micron thick from spinal cord tissues). All sections were then stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Cresyl Violet, and DAPI. These sections were then evaluated under light and fluorescent microscopes. The blind mole-rats weighed 201.3 ± 61 g, the brains and cerebella weighed 1.8 ± 0.3 mg and 0.32 ± 0.05 mg, respectively, and the brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord volumes were 1.49±0.46 ml, 0.33± 0.08 ml, and 2.53± 0.19 µm3, respectively. No histological variation was observed in the brain or cerebellum tissues. However, examination of the spinal cord tissue revealed differences compared to humans and other rodents. The spinal cord exhibited a segmented, lobulated appearance, each lobe itself exhibiting the characteristics of a small spinal cord. No butterfly appearance was observed, and white and gray matter transitions were irregular, with less white and more gray matter. The location of the anterior and posterior horns was unclear. The motor neuron cells were also small in size. No significant variations were observed at nuclear organization (DAPI signals) between any tissues. In conclusion, the blind mole-rats were normal in weight, increased brain and cerebellum tissue weight and volumes were observed, while a decrease was determined in spinal cord tissue volumes. The brain and cerebellum were normal at histological examination, while structural differences were detected in the spinal cord.
Antioxidant Effects of Bromelain on Paracetamol-Induced Renal Injury in Rats
(AVES Yayıncılık, 2023) Akaras, Nurhan; Tokyay, Erdem; Aydemir Celep, Nevra; Yüce, Neslihan; Şimşek, Hasan; Özkan, Halil İbrahim
Bromelain, a natural antioxidant, is the active ingredient of pineapple. Paracetamol is a nonsteroidal drug that is used worldwide as a pain reliever and causes kidney damage in high doses. This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of bromelain on paracetamol-induced kidney damage. Methods: 56 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, namely (1) control, (2) N-acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg), (3) bromelain (100 mg/kg), (4) paracetamol (2 g/kg), (5) paracetamol (2 g/kg) + N-acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg), (6) paracetamol (2 g/ kg) + bromelain (50 mg/kg), (7) paracetamol (2 g/kg) + bromelain (100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, creatinine and urea levels from blood serum, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels from kidney tissue, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured. Additionally, the kidney was evaluated histopathologically. Results: It was determined that serum creatinine, urea levels, and kidney tissue MDA levels were significantly increased in rats in the paracetamol group compared to the control group, while SOD, GSH, and GPx activities were decreased (P < .050). N-acetylcysteine and bromelain applications were determined to decrease serum creatinine and urea levels and kidney tissue MDA levels caused by paracetamol and increased SOD, GSH, and GPx activities (P< .050). When the histopathological scores were examined, it was found that paracetamol-induced renal tissue damage was reduced by Bro50, Bro100, and N-acetylcysteine applications, and especially Bro100 application was more effective in reducing damage than N-acetylcysteine and Bro50 (P < .050). Conclusion: It was determined that increased serum urea and creatine, tissue oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes due to paracetamol have decreased thanks to the antioxidant property of bromelain. Additionally, it was determined that the Bro100 dose was more effective than the N-acetylcysteine treatment. It is thought that the obtained data will support different studies to be conducted on the usability of bromelain-supportive treatment in preventing paracetamol-induced kidney damage.
The effects of donepezil on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in diabetic rats and the role of nitric oxide modulators
(MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2023) Öz, Mehmet; Nurullahoğlu Atalık, Kısmet Esra; Aslanlar, Durmuş Ali
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil on the diabetes- induced anxiety and depression and the role of nitric oxide in these effects. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats each): (I) normal control group, (II) untreated diabetic group, and Groups (III-V) diabetic rats received donepezil at a dose of 4 mg/kg orally for twenty days after the first 30 days of diabetes. Group 4 also received 20 mg/kg i.p., L-NAME simultaneously with donepezil for the last 20 days, while group 5 received 40 mg/kg i.p., L-Arginine during this period. A single dose of streptozotocin was used to induce experimental type 1 diabetes. Results: Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using the open field test (OFT), and depression-like behaviors were estimated using the forced swim test (FST). In the OFT, all diabetic rats spent less time in the center and engaged in less exploratory behavior than the control group. The number of lines crossed where locomotor activity was assessed did not differ significantly between groups. In the FST, duration of immobility increased significantly in diabetic groups compared to the control. Donepezil administration did not affect either depression or anxiety responses. Moreover, donepezil plus L-arginine increased diabetes-induced depression significantly. Conclusion: These findings may suggest that cholinergic and nitrergic systems may interact on depression-like behaviors in diabetic rats.
The effects of MDR-1 gene polymorphisms on the clinical course of chronic hepatitis B infection
(MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2023) Şıvgın, Hakan; Yılmaz, Abdülkerim; Rüstemoğlu, Aydın; Öztürk, Banu; Şahin, Şafak; Taşlıyurt, Türker
Chronic HBV infection is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate due to the increased risk of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Treatment modalities and resistance are currently being investigated. Several mechanisms underlie drug resistance. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1), is a well-known mechanism of the MDR phenotype. MDR gene C1236T polymorphism is associated with decreased p-gp function. The mutation of the MDR gene can affect the clinical course of the disease and response rate to treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between MDR gene polymorphism and clinical course and treatment responses in chronic HBV infection. Methods: A total of 90 (male∕female: 69/21) patients with chronic HBV infection under Lamivudine treatment were enrolled in this study. Mean ages were 49.8±12.6 (range: 22-75) years. The patients were categorized as: Treatment-respondent (group 1: HBV-DNA is negative at the 24th week) and treatment-refractory (group 2: HBV-DNA is still positive after the 24th week). Group 1 consisted of 51 (M/F: 38/13) and group 2 consisted of 39 (M∕F: 31∕9) patients. There was no significant difference between the ages and genders of the two groups. Histologic activity indexes (HAI), total bilirubin, AST and ALT levels, and HBV-DNA titers were significantly higher in the patients in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05).
Investigation of the Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid Administration at Different Doses on Behavioral Disorders in Rats
(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Şimşek, Hasan; Kandemir, Özge; Akaras, Nurhan
Aspirin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs worldwide. Neurodegenerative diseases adversely affect the central nervous system, leading to cognitive decline. Aspirin has different pharmacological activities at different doses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the active ingredient of aspirin, administered at different doses on the parameters that play a role in cognitive function using molecular and histological methods and behavioral tests. For this purpose, 28 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Control, ASA-low dose (1mg/kg), ASA-moderate dose (10mg/kg) and ASA-high dose (100mg/kg). ASA was intragastrically administered as a single dose, and an open field test was performed 3 hours later. Subsequently, hippocampus tissues were obtained, and the hippocampus tissue structure was analyzed by analyzing the parameters involved in antioxidant capacity, inflammation, apoptosis, and memory. ASA, especially at moderate doses, increased antioxidant capacity and partially reduced inflammation and apoptotic damage. At high doses, the opposite effect was observed, and the damage levels. Similar effects were detected by histological examination. Although there were no structural defects at low or moderate doses, structural defects were observed at high doses. Although there was no difference in the open field test findings between the groups, the time spent in the center, distance traveled, and speed was slightly higher in the ASA moderate-dose group. In conclusion, ASA may contribute to the improvement of cognitive function at low and moderate doses. However, high doses may cause cognitive impairment.
Carvacrol Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Cardiotoxicity By Regulating Notch/Hes1 Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death In Rat Cardiac Tissue
(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Akaras, Nurhan; Kandemir, Özge; Şimşek, Hasan
Cisplatin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents used mainly in the treatment of solid tumors. High doses and long-term use of Cisplatin are known to cause cardiotoxicity. In recent years, the antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of Carvacrol in cardiovascular diseases have attracted attention. In this study, the effects of Carvacrol on Cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model were investigated using biochemical and histological methods. Twenty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: 1. Control group, 2. Carvacrol group, 3. Cisplatin group, 4. Cisplatin + Carvacrol group. The expression of antioxidant enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and autophagic proteins was examined in heart tissue obtained from rats sacrificed after the last drug administration. Additionally, heart tissue was evaluated histopathologically. Cisplatin has been observed to cause oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in animal heart tissue. Carvacrol administration significantly increased antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities while suppressing inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β). Additionally, Cisplatin induced apoptotic (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) and autophagic (Beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B) markers. It has been determined that carvacrol can protect heart tissues from the destructive effects of cisplatin by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects. The expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1, which were decreased by cisplatin administration, were upregulated after administration of Carvacrol. H&E staining results showed that Carvacrol preserved myocardial tissue integrity. In conclusion, Carvacrol showed a cardioprotective effect against cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Empirical Research Investigating the Relationships Between Work Stress, Work Performance, and Mobbing (Psychological Bullying) in Health Institutions
(Kafkas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2024) Keleş, Gökhan; Doğru, Çağlar; İkinci Keleş, Ayşe
This study examines the relationships between work stress, work performance, and mobbing in health institutions. Material and Method: A questionnaire was applied to 272 individuals working in any health institution in Türkiye in 2021 based on voluntary participation with the snowball method. The web-based questionnaires were prepared online using Google Documents. They were sent to the health workers’ social-based addresses together with an introductory letter. The questionnaire was applied in four main sections: demographic information (8 questions), work stress (7 questions), work performance (4 questions), and mobbing (37 questions). Results: The study showed that 36.4% of academics, 30% of secretaries, 28.6% of security staff, 23% of technicians, 22.2% of social workers, 20% of midwives, 19.5% of physicians, and 15.4% of patient carers were exposed to mobbing. In addition, men were more subjected to mobbing than women (p=0.010). Statistically significant differences were determined between the occupational groups regarding work stress scale scores (p=0.001). The group with the highest work stress was security staff, with patient carers being the group with the lowest stress. Women also experienced significantly higher levels of work stress than men (p=0.028). Statistically, significant differences were also observed regarding the number of patients encountered (p=0.035). Work stress was found to increase in line with patient numbers. Analysis of the participants’ work performance showed that such performance was very high. Significant variations were determined between work performance scale scores and the years spent working in the most recent institution (p=0.019). The work performance of participants who had worked for 11–15 years was lower than that of other periods, the highest work performance being observed in participants with 21–25 years of work experience. Conclusion: In conclusion, individuals working in any health institution were found to be exposed to mobbing and to experience work stress in the working environment but exhibited good work performance. No statistically significant association was determined between mobbing and work performance or stress. At the same time, a negative correlation was observed between work performance and work stress.
Nervus ischiadicus variations and clinical importance: A cadaver and MRI study
(Bayrakol MP, 2025) Taş, Ferhat; Özbağ, Davut; Öğetürk, Murat; Maraş Özdemir, Zeynep; Karatoprak, Nur Betül; Çevirgen, Furkan; Arpacı, Furkan; Karataş, Turgay
In this study, the variations, bifurcation levels, morphometric and topographic features of the ischiadicus nerve (NI), which has an important role in its protection, were investigated. Material and Methods: In eighteen cadaver limb dissections, variations related to NI and musculus piriformis (MP) and NI bifurcation levels, morphometric and topographic features of NI were investigated. At the foramen infrapiriforme (FI) exit, the distance between NI and trochanter major (TM), spina iliaca anterior superior (SIAS), crista iliaca (CI), spina iliaca posterior superior (SIPS), hiatus sacralis (HS) and tuber ischiadicum (TI) was measured. NI variations were investigated in 115 hip MRIs of 59 patients in the radiology archives. Results: No variation was encountered in NIs other than Type A, which is the most common and considered normal. In all lower extremities, it was observed that the NI bifurcated in the distal 1/3 of the thigh (Group E). FI-TM: 71 +/- 9.62 mm, FI-SIAS: 129.56 +/- 8.98 mm, FI-CI: 134.6 +/- 6.33 mm, FI-SIPS: 80.77 +/- 10.40 mm, FI-HS: 78.16 +/- 10.54 mm and FI-TI: 55.11 +/- 5.56 mm was found. 115 Magnetic resonance radiographs (MRI) showed Type B variation in 5 hips (4.34%) and Type A variation in the others (95.65%). Discussion: We think that our cadaver and MRI study can serve as a guide during clinical practice and will be useful in reducing NI injuries.
Chrysin Counteracts Sodium Hydroxide-Induced Alkali Esophageal Burn by Regulating Beclin-1/HO-1/NQO1, PERK/IRE1-α/ATF-6, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis Signaling Pathways and Ki-67, EGF Expressions in Rats
(Springer Nature, 2025) Öztürk, Ayşe Betül; Şimşek, Hasan; Akaras, Nurhan; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet
Aim Alkali-esophageal burn due to ingestion of corrosive substances is an important clinical entity that can be seen in all age groups, especially children. Chrysin is a natural favonoid compound with a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-infammatory, antiapoptotic, and anticancer efects. This study aimed to ascertain the preventive efcacy of chrysin in the treatment of alkali-esophageal burns. Materials and Methods Rats were administered 0.2 ml of 25% NaOH orally and CHR at 25 and 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally for four days. The levels of oxidative stress, ER stress, infammation, damage, and apoptotic and autophagic cell death in esophageal tissues were analyzed using biochemical and molecular methods. Additionally, esophageal tissue structure and function were examined using histological methods. Results Chrysin alleviated NaOH-induced increased oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing antioxidants. Chrysin alleviated infammation damage by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Chrysin decreased apoptotic Caspase-3, and Bax and increased antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Moreover, Chrysin reduced autophagic death damage and ER stress damage. Chrysin facilitated the restoration of impaired structural integrity of esophageal tissue and increased Ki-67 and EGF levels, contributing to the healing process. Conclusion Chrysin exhibited antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-autophagic, anti-infammatory, and anti-oxidant properties in alkali esophageal burns, as well as an efect on reducing ER stress injury. Additionally, chrysin facilitates esophageal tissue healing and maintains tissue integrity.
Carvacrol Coadministration Ameliorates Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats: Behavioral and Molecular Evidence
(Wiley, 2025) Kandemir, Özge; İleriturk, Mustafa; Gür, Cihan; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Yılmaz, Selçuk; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet
This study aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CRV) against Lambda-cyhalothrin (CYH)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups: Control, CRV, CYH, CYH+CRV25, and CYH+CRV50. CRV 25 or 50 mg/kg and CYH 6.23 mg/kg were administered orally for 21 days. The effects of these treatments were evaluated by hot plate and rotarod tests, followed by molecular, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses of sciatic nerve tissues. CYH administration significantly impaired both sensory and motor functions. CRV doses (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) administered with CYH significantly improved these impairments (p < 0.001). Additionally, CYH increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidants, while CRV treatment reversed these effects. CRV also suppressed inflammation (p < 0.01), apoptosis (p < 0.001), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (p < 0.001), with the 50 mg/kg dose being more effective. Morphological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that CRV treatment partially repaired CYH-induced nerve damage, with both doses reducing 8-OHdG and beclin-1 immunoreactions. The data revealed that CYH induced inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in sciatic tissue, while CRV exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, reducing the damage and suggesting its potential as a supportive treatment for CYH-induced sciatic damage.
Morin Attenuates Diclofenac-Induced Hepatocellular Death Injury via Nrf2/Ho-1/NQO1, Beclin-1/LC3A/LC3B and p53/Bax/Caspase Signalling Pathways
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Gür, Cihan; Küçükler, Sefa; İleritürk, Mustafa; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet
Diclofenac (DF), a nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drug, has limited use due to its adverse effects on the liver. On the other hand, morin, a bioflavonoid, has biological and pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate whether morin may protect against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity. For this purpose, morin (50 or 100 mg/kg) treatment was given orally to the rats for 5 days, and DF (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the 4th and 5th days of the study. Molecular, biochemical, immunohistochemical and histological methods were used to investigate cyclooxygenase enzymes, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in liver tissue. According to the data obtained, it was observed that DF caused oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis damage in liver tissues. Morin showed antioxidant properties, causing a decrease in MDA in hepatic tissue, an increase in the activities of endogenous antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH, HO-1, Nrf2 and NQO1 mRNA levels. Moreover, morin reversed the changes in the levels of apoptotic and autophagic parameters such as bax, bcl-2, cytochrome c, p53, Apaf-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B, MAPK14, MAP15, JNK. When the histopathological analysis results were examined, degenerative changes occurred in the livers of rats administered DF, while morin administration showed a morphological structure close to the control group. As a result, it was determined that oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis caused by DF were suppressed by morin, thus protecting the liver tissue from damage.
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Aksaray Region
(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Güvenç, Firdevs; Türkel, Selçuk; Akıneden, Altan; Duman, Yücel
Purpose: Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis in the world caused by brucella genus bacteria and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The definitive diagnosis of the disease is the isolation of the agent in culture, but serological tests are often used in diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in our region. Material and Method: The study included 7087 serum samples sent to the medical microbiology laboratory with suspicion of brucellosis from clinics between January 2023 and December 2024 to Aksaray education and research hospital. The Rose-Bengal (RB) and Coombs agglutination test results of sera were retrospectively examined. Results: Out of the 7087 patients included in the study, 622 (8.8%) had a positive RB test, and 579 patients (8.2%) had a Coombs agglutination test titer of 1/160 and above. The median age of patients with a positive Coombs agglutination test was detected as 41.57 ± 3.9 (min 1 - max 80) and 56.8% (n=329) of these patients were male and 43.2% (n=250) were female. Brucellosis seroprevalence was 47.6% in the 20-50 age range and 69.4% in the 20-60 age range. We also determined the seroprevalence of brucellosis as 17.6% in the 0-20 age range and 9.2% in those over 65 years of age. Conclusion: Preventing the transmission of brucellosis to humans primarily depends on controlling and eradicating disease in animals. In this context, we believe that success will be achieved through promotional controls, especially through effective policies, measures and projects that will be jointly developed by the Ministry of Agriculture and universities
Investigation of Faecal-Oral Transmitted Parasites in Communal Toilets
(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Eroğlu, Fadime; Arsu, Dilek; Özlen, Hüseyin; Sarıkaya, Ömer
Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the parasites transmitted by the faecal-oral route in communal toilets and to study the personal hygiene habits of the users of these toilets. Material and Method: A total of 96 swab samples, 24 each from water containers, door handles, faucet heads and sink edges used for anogenital cleaning in toilets, were investigated for parasites transmitted by fecal-oral route. DNA was isolated from these samples using the DNeasy PowerSoil kit and real-time PCR analysis was performed using parasite-specific primer-probes. A survey was also conducted to determine the personal hygiene habits of students using the toilets, including questions such as hand washing and flushing. Results: In 24 swab samples (n=24) taken from water containers used for anogenital cleansing in toilets, C. parvum was detected in 16.7% (4/24), E. histolytica in 8.3% (2/24) and G. lamblia in 12.5% (3/24), while no parasites were found in 62.5% (15/24). In 24 swab samples taken from door handles, C. parvum was detected in 8.3% (2/24), E. histolytica in 4.2% (1/24) and G. lamblia in 8.3% (2/24), while no parasites were detected in 79.2% (19/24). In 24 swab samples taken from door handles, C. parvum was detected in 8.3% (2/24), E. histolytica in 4.2% (1/24) and G. lamblia in 8.3% (2/24), and no parasites were detected in 79.2% (19/24). In 24 swab samples taken from tap heads, C. parvum was detected in 12.5% (3/24) and G. lamblia in 4.2% (1/24), while no parasites were detected in 83.3% (20/24). In 24 swab samples taken from the sink edges, C. parvum was detected in only 4.2% (1/24) and no parasites were detected in 95.8% (23/24). According to the survey results, it was found that girls paid more attention to hand washing hands and flushing toilets than boys (p<0.05), and it was found that these hygiene habits were first acquired in the family (p<0.05). However, it was found that students were not sufficiently informed about the possibility of contracting diseases through communal toilet facilities. Conclusion: Communal toilets in large centres such as schools and hospitals play an important role in the transmission of faecal-oral parasites and the spread of intestinal parasitic diseases. However, families play the primary role in helping people to adopt personal hygiene habits in toilets.
Protective Effects of Melatonin and Alpha Lipoic Acid Against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity
(Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Meram Tıp Fakültesi, 2025) Dündar, Mehmet Akif; Çolpan, Bahar; Öz, Mehmet
To investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin and alpha-lipoic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in a rat model using brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Materials and Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, cisplatin-only, melatonin-only, alpha-lipoic acid-only, cisplatin+melatonin, and cisplatin+alpha-lipoic acid. Cisplatin was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg). Melatonin (4 mg/kg) and alpha-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg) were administered daily for eight days, starting one day before cisplatin. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials were measured at baseline and on days 3, 7, and 15. Wave latencies, interpeak latencies, hearing thresholds, and waveform morphology were analyzed. Results: Cisplatin administration resulted in significant prolongation of wave V latency and increased hearing thresholds. Melatonin treatment significantly mitigated cisplatin-induced changes in wave V latency and hearing thresholds compared to cisplatin alone (p<0.05). Alpha-lipoic acid did not demonstrate significant protection against cisplatin-induced changes. Both melatonin and alpha-lipoic acid groups showed alterations in wave latencies when administered alone. Waveform distortions were most prevalent in the cisplatin group, with lower incidence in melatonin and alpha-lipoic acid treatment groups. Conclusions: Treatment with melatonin significantly mitigates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats, likely due to its potent antioxidant properties. This finding supports the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic strategy to prevent or minimize hearing loss in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. However, alpha-lipoic acid did not exhibit significant protection in this study, warranting further investigation. Keywords: Cisplatin, ototoxicity, melatonin, alpha-lipoic acid, antioxidants.
Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field During Adolescence Can Cause Destruction and Pain in Bone Tissue and Cells While Also Triggering New Bone Formation
(Springer International Publishing, 2025) İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Kaya, Haydar; İkinci Keleş, Gökhan; Tümkaya, Levent
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the application during adolescence of a 0.9 Gigahertz electromagnetic field (EMF) on rat femoral bone tissue and locomotor activity. Methods: Twenty-four male 21-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, sham and EMF-exposed groups (n = 8). The control group was not exposed to any treatment, while both the EMF and sham groups were subjected to the exposure system for 25 days, the EMF group receiving treatment for one hour each day. Only the EMF group received the 0.9 Gigahertz EMF. All groups were subjected to open-field testing to evaluate locomotor activity on postnatal day 46. The animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 47, and the right femoral bones were removed and subjected to histopathological and stereological analyses. Results: Pathological changes were detected in the femoral bones from the EMF group, including significant decreases in the width of the femoral bone wall, trabecular volume, and total bone area. Osteocyte and osteoblast numbers also decreased significantly, while osteoclast numbers exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05). Megakaryocytic hyperplasia and intravascular thrombus were observed in the bone marrow. The open-field test results revealed a significant decrease in EMF group rat motor functions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings show that a 0.9 Gigahertz EMF applied in the adolescent period leads to changes in femoral bone and bone marrow. This effect causes pathological and structural changes in rat bone tissue, and these may restrict the animals’ motor activities by causing pain.
The role of PRP in the healing of disc degeneration and the effect of local anesthetics on PRP
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Mert, Ahmet; İkinci Keleş, Ayşe; Aydın, Murat; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Sönmez, Osman Fikret
This study aimed to investigate the regenerative effects of PRP on an experimental rat model of disc degeneration using histological and biochemical parameters. Additionally, we evaluated whether ropivacaine, a local anesthetic commonly used in clinical practice, affects the efficacy of PRP. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups as control and treatment groups. Disc degeneration models were established using appropriate procedures. On the intervention day, PRP was prepared from whole blood collected from the rats. PRP, PRP + ropivacaine, or ropivacaine alone was administered at the appropriate doses and according to standardized protocols. Results: In the untreated disc degeneration groups, annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) boundaries were indistinct, disc morphology was disrupted, collagen structures in the AF were degenerated or irregular, and vacuolization, interstitial edema, and necrotic tissue remnants were observed in the NP region. In contrast, in groups treated with PRP and PRP + ropivacaine, a reduction in edema and vacuolization, disappearance of necrotic tissue, restoration of distinct NP and AF boundaries, and decreased atrophy and cellular clustering in NP cells were observed. Biochemical analysis showed that IL-6 and TNF-α levels were within normal ranges in the groups treated with PRP and PRP + ropivacaine, whereas these levels remained elevated in the untreated disc degeneration groups, indicating ongoing effects of degeneration. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the regenerative effects of PRP in disc degeneration through histological and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, the addition of ropivacaine to PRP did not exert any negative effects on PRP’s regenerative properties.
Etiology of Hematospermia in Turkish Men: Multicentric Study
(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Gönültaş, Serkan; Baydilli, Numan; Solakhan, Mehmet; Güzel, Ahmet; Kardaş, Sina; Demirci, Aykut
Hematospermia is defined as the presence of blood in the semen. The data regarding its etiology and management is variable across the literature. Aims: To investigate the etiology of hematospermia in Türkiye so as to contribute to the current management strategies for hematospermia. Methods: An online study protocol was published through the Turkish Urology Association communication network, and the centers that met the criteria were included in the study. All patients who presented with hematospermia complaints in the past 1 year were subjected to detailed anamnesis, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests. Based on the results, the patients were assigned to Group 1 (patients aged < 40 years with only one episode of hematospermia in the past 6 months) or Group 2 (patients with concomitant symptoms or ≥ 40 years or ≥ 2 times in the past 6 months). Radiological imaging was performed for the patients in Group 2. Results: A total of 199 patients (Group 1: 44, Group 2: 155; mean age: 43.07 ± 14.73 years; age range: 16-73 years) from across 42 cities and 22 different centers were enrolled in this study. In the etiological classification, inflammation was identified as the most common cause (n = 76, 38.1%). Idiopathic hematospermia was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (70.4% vs. 112.2%, respectively), and hematospermia was associated with malignancy in 9 (5.8%) Group 2 patients. Positivity was detected in urine or semen cultures in 20 (12.9%) patients, and hematospermia occurred after COVID-19 infection in 2 patients. A significant correlation was noted between patients showing no-concomitant symptoms and those showing idiopathic hematospermia, inflammation, malignancy, varicocele, and multiple etiological factors (p = 0.004, p = 0.028, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.026, p = 0.016). The most common radiological findings were an increase in the prostate volume (n = 48, 30.9%) and changes in the signal intensities of the seminal vesicles (n = 29, 18.7%). Despite the use of different approaches to manage idiopathic hematospermia, the patients’ survey results were generally similar. Conclusion: Hematospermia in all age groups occurs generally due to self-limiting benign causes. Diagnostic imaging should therefore evaluate the elucidate etiology in patients with identified risk factors so as to avoid unnecessary treatments in idiopathic patients.

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