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Item Morphological variations of the middle and superior turbinates, olfactory fossa and nasal septum in diferent sphenoid sinus pneumatization patterns(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Gökşan, Ahmet Safa; Açar, Gülay; Digilli Ayaş, Betül; Çiçekcibaşı, Aynur Emine; Aydoğdu, DemetPurpose Detailed assessment of the extrasinusal pneumatization of the superior and middle turbinate (SCB, MCB), olfactory fossa (OFP), and nasal septum (NSP) in coronal and sagittal sphenoid sinus (SS) pneumatization types provides a precise understanding of the surgical corridors used for skull base surgery. We aimed to analyze the relationships among these variations using computed tomography (CT) images. Methods CT images of 153 patients were retrospectively analyzed for all types of sinonasal pneumatizations and volumes of SCB and sphenoid sinus, together with the prevalence of mucosal thickening of the sphenoid sinus (MTSS). Results The prevalences of cellular, extensive, and complete SCB were 28.6%, 21.1%, and 23.5% in prepterygoid; 38.1%, 42.1%, and 35.3% in prerotundum; and 33.3%, 36.8%, and 41.2% in postrotundum CSSP types, respectively. The frequencies of lamellar, bulbous, and extensive MCB were 29%, 14.3%, and 33.3% in pterygoid, 38.7%, 57.1%, and 25.9% in prerotundum, 32.3%, 8%, and 40.8% in postrotundum CSSP types, respectively. SCB and MCB were observed unilaterally at 24.8% and 30% and bilaterally at 12.8% and 32.7%, respectively. OFP, NSP, and MTSS were detected at 24.2%, 31.4%, and 27.5%, respectively. Increased age was signifcantly associated with a lower probability of pneumatization in SS and MCB. Conclusions The data obtained showed that the degree of SS pneumatization signifcantly afected the frequencies of the SCB, MCB, OFP, NSP, and MTSS. Also, the SCB volume is signifcantly related to the CSSP types. Preoperative CT evaluation is crucial for surgeons to be aware of these variations and to avoid iatrogenic injury.Item Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and extended-spectrum ?-Lactamase production by enterobacterales in a tertiary hospital(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Akıneden, Altan; Çiçek, Cemal; Türkel, SelçukObjective: This research aims to characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical care patients in the Aksaray province, Turkey, spanning from January 2017 to December 2021. Material and Methods: Clinical strains will be microbiologically isolated and identified. Antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterobacteriaceae isolates will be determined, and the presence of the blaCTX-M gene will be investigated using molecular methods. Results: Initially, 1752 clinical strains were isolated and identified using VITEK® 2 with an automated ID and susceptibility system. Subsequently, identified and suspected isolates were subjected to PCR for blaCTX-M gene detection. Klebsiella pneumoniae (43.95%) was more common than other species, including Escherichia coli (45.89%). Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed resistance percentages of 86.62% to ampicillin, 76.33% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 64.52% to cefuroxime, 59.14% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 59.99% to ceftriaxone, 58.35% to ceftazidime, and 54.39% to ciprofloxacin. Fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, imipenem, and amikacin exhibited sensitivity in 45.49% of urine isolates. ESBL positivity was observed in 47.63% of E. coli and 61.16% of K. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusions: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was relatively high. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue influenced by widespread antibiotic usage. Insights from trend research can contribute to a broader assessment of antibiotic resistance profiles in Turkish provinces.Item Overcoming barriers to cervical cancer prevention in Afghanistan: The imperative for an HPV vaccination and screening program(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Sadat, Rowaida; Saçıntı, Koray Görkem; Topçu, Elif Göknur; Saeed, SaeedaThe critical situation of cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Afghanistan demands urgent attention, especially in view of the ongoing political unrest and humanitarian challenges faced by the country. Recent data underscore the urgent need for immediate action to address this pressing issue.Item Tubal fimbria migration mimicking an endometrial polyp following Iatrogeniterine perforation(Elsevier, 2024) Bilir, Esra; Eryılmaz, Ahmet İlker; Saçıntı, Koray GörkemA 26-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, presented to our clinic with irregular groin pain and vaginal bleeding. Her obstetric history includes a missed abortion for which she underwent dilation and curettage (D&C) two years ago. Her symptoms began three months following this procedure. Her medical history was otherwise unremarkable. A transvaginal ultrasound (TVUSG) revealed a suspected endometrial polyp, located near the uterine fundus. During the operative hysteroscopy, we identified a highly vascularized structure with small finger-like projections filling almost the entire endometrial cavity, which did not resemble a typical endometrial polyp (Figure 1). We performed complete resection of this structure using a 27 Fr bipolar resectoscope with a 2.5mm cutting loop. At the end of the procedure, we detected a uterine perforation (UP) but otherwise observed an unremarkable uterine cavity (Figure 2). Subsequently, we performed a simultaneous diagnostic laparoscopy for exploration and to diagnose the condition encountered. The laparoscopy revealed a normal right fallopian tube. However, the left fallopian tube lacked fimbriae, and there was a perforation at the uterine fundus towards the left side. We mobilized the left fallopian tube, confirming the presence of the left fimbriae within the endometrial cavityItem Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation as a natural means to delay menopause(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Saçıntı, Koray Görkem; Sadat, Rowaida; Özkavukçu, Sinan; Sönmezer, MeltemOvarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation (OTCT) offers hope for preserving fertility and endocrine functions in patients undergoing gonadotoxic treatments. Advancements in techniques for the procedure have transformed OTCT from an experimental procedure into a viable option. There is a growing interest in utilizing OTCT to delay menopause and alleviate associated health issues. Menopausal transition affects women globally, leading to symptoms and long- term health risks. OTCT has the potential to restore endocrine functions, reducing menopause-related symptoms while mitigating health consequences such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Although the use of OTCT for delaying menopause is not clinically proven, the discussion around shows potential for future utilization. In essence, the remarkable advancements in OTCT have bestowed upon us the ability to safeguard fertility and sustain the delicate endocrine functions of the ovaries. However, it is the tantalizing prospect of utilizing this technique to postpone menopause and alleviate its associated symptoms that truly captivates the imagination. Further research is imperative to substantiate the clinical efficacy of OTCT; nonetheless, its potential in menopausal therapy is both promising and warrants comprehensive exploration. This review highlights advancements and the feasibility of OTCT to postpone menopause as an alternative approach to currently used conventional menopause therapy methods.Item The ameliorative effect of carvacrol on sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Possible role of Nrf2/HO-1, RAGE/NLRP3, Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3, and Beclin-1 pathways(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Gencer, Selman; Gür, Cihan; İleritürk, Mustafa; Küçükler, Sefa; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Kandemir, Fatih M.Arsenic is a toxic environmental pollutant heavy metal, and one of its critical target tissues in the body is the liver. Carvacrol is a natural phytocompound that stands out with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The current study aims to investigate the protective feature of carvacrol against sodium arsenite-induced liver toxicity. Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: Control, Sodium arsenite (SA), CRV, SA + CRV25, and SA + CRV50. Sodium arsenite was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 14 days, and 30 min later, CRV 25 or 50 mg/kg was administered via oral gavage. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy damage pathways parameters, and liver tissue integrity were analyzed using biochemical, molecular, western blot, histological, and immunohistological methods. Carvacrol decreased sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress by suppressing malondialdehyde levels and increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and glutathione levels. Carvacrol reduced inflammation damage by reducing sodium arsenite-induced increased levels of NF-?B and the cytokines (TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, RAGE, and NLRP3) it stimulates. Carvacrol also reduced sodium arsenite-induced autophagic (Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B) and apoptotic (P53, Apaf-1, Casp-3, Casp-6, Casp-9, and Bax) parameters. Carvacrol preserved sodium arsenite-induced impaired liver tissue structure. Carvacrol alleviated toxic damage by reducing sodium arsenite-induced increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagic damage parameters in rat liver tissues. Carvacrol was also beneficial in preserving liver tissue integrity.Item Some polyphenolic compounds as potential therapeutic agents in cervical cancer: the most recent advances and future prospects(Oxford Academic, 2024) Tunca Şanlıer, Nazlı; Saçıntı, Koray Görkem; Türkoğlu, İnci; Şanlıer, NevinThe leading causes of cancer include gradual changes in regulatory proteins, dysregulated cell-signaling pathways, dysfunction of apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Consuming polyphenols from food sources has been proven to have strong connections with ameliorating specific physiological biomarkers along with other elements concerning cancer. Recent studies have focused on polyphenols' molecular mechanisms of action and anticancer and chemopreventive properties and effects in the treatment of different types of cancer. Polyphenols participate in the regulation of numerous cellular mechanisms alongside signaling pathways through their effects on inflammation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and partially via epigenetic alterations in cervical cancer. A number of animal models and cell and human studies have indicated the use of polyphenols to be safe and tolerable. Thus, it would be fair to state that, with their advantages vis-à-vis lack of toxicity, cost, and access, and with the positive clinical results, polyphenols have a potential to make a difference in cancer treatment. The present review examined the chemical and physical properties, analogs, metabolites, and mechanisms of physiological activities of various polyphenols and how they may affect the incidence rate and management of cervical cancer. Therefore, this review constitutes a starting point to examine the potential applications for cervical cancer.Item Two-year follow-up on surgical outcomes of vnotes high uterosacral ligament suspension for the prophylaxis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: a multicenter prospective cohort study(Elsevier, 2024) Birol İlter, Pınar; Yassa, Murat; Doğan, Ozan; Tekin, Arzu Bilge; Günkaya, Osman Samet; Yassa, Mahmut; Saçıntı, Koray Görkem; Alsannan, Baydaa; Dağdeviren, Hediye; Tuğ, Niyazi; Kaya, CihanStudy objective: We aimed to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of high uterosacral ligament suspension (HUSLS) with vaginal-assisted natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) in patients either suffering from pelvic organ prolapse (POP) or undergoing routine prophylaxis to prevent post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Design: Multicenter prospective cohort study SETTING: Three tertiary care hospitals PATIENTS: Patients who received vNOTES-HUSLS between January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2023, were included in the study. Interventions: vNOTES-HUSLS MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The data collected included surgery duration, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative Visual Analog Scores (VAS), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) pain subdomain scores. The changes in prolapse levels were measured using modified POP-Q scores, including the C, Ba, and Bp scores recorded prior to surgery and during the postoperative follow-up examination. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) questionnaire. The final analysis included 55 women. Of these, vNOTES-HUSLS was performed in 43 patients (78.2%) to treat apical prolapse, while the remaining 12 patients (21.8%) underwent prophylaxis following hysterectomy to prevent vaginal vault prolapse. The median follow-up period was 23.5 months, with a range of 12-37 months. Ba,C, and Bp points significantly improved in patients who underwent surgery for prolapse (p<0.001). There was no recurrence in the apical compartment following vNOTES-HUSLS for both performed prophylactic and treatment purposes after hysterectomy. Two (3.6%) patients were diagnosed with stage 3 anterior compartment prolapse. The overall vNOTES-HUSLS success rate was 96.4% at approximately two years follow-up. Bladder injury was detected as an intraoperative complication in one patient (1.8%). The overall satisfaction rate was 98.1% at the final follow-up. Conclusion: vNOTES-HUSLS was effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of apical prolapse, demonstrating high anatomical success rates. The procedure demonstrated a low complication rate, with intraoperative and postoperative complications each observed in 1.8%(n=1) of patients. Synopsis: The Medium-Term Outcomes of vNOTES High Uterosacral Ligament Suspension.Item Pheno-and genotypic epidemiological characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates from intensive care unit patients in central Türkiye(Sciendo, 2024) Akıneden, Altan; Çiçek, Cemal; Türkel, Selçuk; Khan, Izhar U.H.; Abdulmawjood, AmirVancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) has been detected in Türkiye. Only limited information is available on its dissemination in the central regions of the country. This study describes the first epidemiological characterization of VRE clinical isolates detected in patients in a hospital in the province of Aksaray. In this one-year study conducted between 2021 and 2022, stool samples from intensive care unit patients were screened for VRE using the phenotypic E-Test method, and the antibiotic sensitivity test was analyzed by using the VITEK® 2 system. A molecular assay for confirmation of species level was carried out by 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing and testing for antibiotic resistance (vanA or vanB) and virulence factor-encoding genes (esp, asa1, and hyl). Further, genotypic characterization was determined by macro-restriction fragment pattern analysis (MRFPA) of genomic DNA digested with SmaI restriction enzyme. Of the total 350 Enterococcus positive patients from different hospital intensive care units, 22 (6.3%) were positive for VRE using the phenotypic E-Test method. All isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin and positive amplification for the vanA gene. However, none of the isolates was positive for the vanB gene. The most prevalent virulence gene was esp. The results indicate that the isolates are persistent in the hospital environment and subsequently transmitted to hospitalized patients, thus representing challenges to an outbreak and infection control. These study results would also help formulate more effective strategies to reduce the transmission and propagation of VRE contamination in various hospital settings.Item When did the confusion between vulvodynia and vaginismus start(Galenos Publishing House, 2024) Vieira-Baptista, Pedro; Saçıntı, Koray Görkem; Preti, Mario; Verstraelen, Hans; Bornstein, JacobVulvodynia, defined as vulvar pain persisting for at least three months without an identifiable cause, potentially accompanied by associated factors, is common yet remains enigmatic (1). “Vulvodynia” and “vaginismus” are frequently confused by both laypeople and healthcare professionals. Vaginismus is characterized by involuntary spasms of the pelvic floor muscles, which can be primary or secondary; secondary vaginismus may result from vulvodynia. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders included dyspareunia and vaginismus into the newly created category of “genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder”, which remains a theoretical concept, lacking scientific validation (2). This change may have increased confusion, potentially denying women the appropriate diagnosis and, consequently, the correct management. It appears that vulvodynia was addressed as early as 1825 BC in ancient Egyptian papyri. Some authors arguably sustain that “satyriasis” (excessive or abnormal sexual desire), described by Soranos (1st century AD) may correspond to vulvodynia. Possible descriptions of vulvodynia can be found in books from Thomas (3), Kellogg (4), and Skene (5), in 1868, 1891, and 1898, respectively. The latter proposed surgical removal of the area of “excessive sensitivity” (5).Item Eating for optimization: unraveling the dietary patterns and nutritional strategies in endometriosis management(Oxford University Press, 2024) Türkoğlu, İnci; Saçıntı, Koray Görkem; Panattoni, Andrea; Namazov, Ahmet; Şanlıer, Nazlı Tunca; Şanlıer, Nevin; Cela, VitoEndometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder affecting millions of women worldwide, causing chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and infertility, and severely impacting their quality of life. Treatment primarily involves hormonal therapies and surgical excision, but high recurrence rates and the economic burden are substantial. With these challenges, significant discussion surrounds the potential role of dietary patterns in managing endometriosis, making it necessary to bridge this critical gap. This review investigates the current scientific evidence on the dietary patterns (eg, Mediterranean, vegetarian, anti-inflammatory, low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols [low-FODMAP], and Western-style diets) associated with endometriosis and provides a concise, yet thorough, overview on the subject. In addition, antioxidants, microbiota, and artificial intelligence (AI) and their potential roles were also evaluated as future directions. An electronic-based search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and Web of Science. The current data on the topic indicate that a diet based on the Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory diet pattern, rich in dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, plant-based protein, and vitamins and minerals, has a positive influence on endometriosis, yielding a promising improvement in patient symptoms. Preclinical investigations and clinical trials indicate that dietary antioxidants and gut microbiota modulation present potential new approaches in managing endometriosis. Also, AI may offer a promising avenue to explore how dietary components interact with endometriosis. Ultimately, considering genetic and lifestyle factors, a healthy, balanced, personalized approach to diet may offer valuable insights on the role of diet as a means of symptom improvement, facilitating the utilization of nutrition for the management of endometriosis.Item EFFECTS OF Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum /Anaplasma platys AND Dirofilaria immitis INFECTIONS ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE IN DOGS(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum: PAS, 2024) Dokuzeylül, B.; Kırbaş, A.; Kayar, A.; Kandemir, F. M.; Küçükler, S.; Or, M. E.; Adaszek, L.The aim of the study was to investigate changes in serum oxidant/antioxidant balance in dogs of different breeds and sex, which were infected with Ehrlichia, Anaplasma or Dirofilaria immitis. We also sought to analyze the impact of pathogen species and canine sex on the changes in oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide level, and hematological parameters. A total of 59 dogs of different breeds and sexes were included in the study. Forty-one dogs infected with either Dirofilaria immitis, Anaplasma or Ehrlichia formed the study group, while the control group comprised of 18 healthy dogs with negative test results. Serum nitric oxide (NO), total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined by calculating TOC-to-TAC ratio. In dogs with Ehrlichia or Anaplasma positivity, circulating NO and TOC levels were found to have increased significantly while heartworm infection did not significantly alter TOC levels. A significant decrease in TAC was observed in all animals with positive test results for any pathogen. The results indicated that Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Dirofilaria infections cause adverse effects on the host cell redox balance in dogs, however, sex has no impact on oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide level, or hematological parameters.Item Protective effects of syringic acid against oxidative damage, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, testicular histopathologic disorders, and impaired sperm quality in the testicular tissue of rats induced by mercuric chloride(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Akarsu, Serkan Ali; Gür, Cihan; Küçükler, Sefa; Akaras, Nurhan; İleritürk, Mustafa; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetMercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that damage testicular tissue. Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is one of the most toxic forms of mercury that can easily cross biological membranes. Syringic acid (SA) is a natural flavonoid found in many vegetables and fruits. In this study, the effects of SA against HgCl2-induced testicular damage in rats were determined by biochemical, histopathological, and spermatological analyses. For this study, a total of 35 Spraque Dawley rats were used. Rats were divided into five groups as control, HgCl2, SA 50, HgCl2 + SA 25, and HgCl2 + SA 50. HgCl2 was administered intraperitoneal (IP) at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg/bw, while SA was administered by oral gavage at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw. The rats were then sacrificed, and testicular tissues were removed. HgCl2 caused an increase in MDA level and a decrease in SOD, CAT, and GPx activity and GSH level in the testicular tissue of rats. HgCl2 is involved in the increase of eIF2-?, PERK, ATF-4, ATF-6, CHOP, NF-?B, TNF-?, IL-1?, Apaf-1, Bax, and Caspase-3 mRNA expression. HgCl2 caused a decrease in sperm motility, an increase in the rate of abnormal sperm and sperm DNA fragmentation in rats. However, SA oral administration dose-dependently inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and preserved epididymal sperm quality and testicular histoarchitectures. In conclusion, SA had protective effects against HgCl2-induced testicular oxidative damage, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis.Item Functional and structural neurodegenerative activities of Ankaferd BloodStopper in a mouse sciatic nerve model(Spandidos Publications, 2024) Üstün, Ramazan; Kaval Oğuz, Elif; Şeker, Ayşe; Taşpınar, FilizTraumatic and postoperative hemorrhages are life-threatening complications. Ankaferd BloodStopper (ABS) is a potent topical hemostatic agent to stop bleeding. However, ABS is associated with nerve toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the functional and structural neurodegenerative effects of ABS in a mouse model. A total of 30 male BALB/c mice, aged 6-8 weeks, were randomly divided into control group (no treatment), a sham group (treated with saline) and an experimental group (treated with ABS). In the saline and the ABS groups, the right sciatic nerve was surgically exposed and treated with saline or ABS, respectively. No surgical procedure was performed in the control group. On day 7 post-treatment, functional changes of the sciatic nerve were evaluated by a horizontal ladder rung walking task. Structural changes were assessed with immunohistochemistry. In the horizontal ladder rung walking test, the gait impairment was proportional to the severity of sciatic nerve damage, with the ABS group showing a significantly higher rate of errors than the control and saline groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated extensive degeneration and deformation in the axons and myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve in the ABS group. The results provide compelling evidence for the neurotoxicity of ABS.Item Ameliorative effects of sinapic acid against vancomycin-induced testicular oxidative damage, apoptosis, inflammation, testicular histopathologic disorders and decreased epididymal sperm quality(Elsevier, 2024) Akarsu, Serkan Ali; İleritürk, Mustafa; Küçükler, Sefa; Akaras, Nurhan; Gür, Cihan; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of sinapic acid (SNP), a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, on testicular damage caused by vancomycin (VCM), a widely used antibiotic against gram positive bacteria. A total of 35 male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study, divided into five groups: control, VCM, SNP, VCM + SNP 10, and VCM + SNP 20. Following a week of oral administration, the rats were euthanized under sevoflurane anesthesia. While the VCM group had a significant increase in MDA levels, the SNP administration inhibited the increase in MDA levels. VCM led to a significant decrease in GSH levels, SOD, CAT, and GPx activity in the testicular tissue of rats, while SNP administration increased these antioxidant levels. SNP administration decreased the mRNA expression levels of VCM induced Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO1 in testicular tissue while increasing the levels of MAPK14, MAPK15, JNK, P53, Apaf-1, Caspase-3, Caspase-6, Caspase-9, and Beclin-1 mRNA transcript levels. The VCM group showed a significant increase in Bax and NF-?B levels in testicular tissue, while Bcl-2 levels decreased. VCM significantly decreased sperm motility and increased the percentage of damaged sperm in rats. Histopathological results revealed that VCM caused disruption of basement membranes and disorganization of seminiferous tubules, but SNP administration preserved testicular histology. As a result, VCM increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in the testicular tissue of rats, altered testicular histopathology, and decreased sperm quality, while SNP decreased these effects.Item Comparison of the effects of Ho: YAG laser virtual Basket™ pulse modulation and Thulium fiber laser on kidney tissue – an ex vivo experimental study(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Emin Şirin, Mehmet; Karaaslan, Mustafa; Ordu, Melike; Yılmaz, MehmetThrough an ex vivo experimental study, we aimed to compare the effects of the Ho: YAG laser Virtual Basket (VB™) modulation and a Thulium fiber laser (TFL) on kidney tissue in different environments and using laser configurations. The 100 W Ho: YAG (Cyber Ho, Quanta System, Italy) and 60 W TFL (Fiber Dust, Quanta System, Italy) laser devices were used. The following laser settings were selected: power in the range of 10–60 W, frequency of 20–40 Hz, and energy of 0.5–1–1.5 J. A medium pulse duration of 600 µsec was used for VB™, while short (spdTFL; 50 µsec) and long (lpdTFL; 15,000 µsec) were used for TFL. The tissue’s incision depth (ID), vaporization area (VA), coagulation area (CA), total laser area (TLA = VA + CA), surface section (SS), and lateral effect (LE) were measured. In total, 108 experiments were conducted. No statistically significant difference in mean VA, TLA, ID, LE, or SS was observed between VB™, spdTFL, and lpdTFL in the low-power output group in saline (p > 0.05). However, the mean CA was statistically significantly higher for VB™ (p = 0.005). In saline and high-power output group, the mean VA, CA, TLA, LE, and ID were higher when using lpdTFL than other pulse durations (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.006, and p = 0.001, respectively). Similar to lpdTFL, VB™ may provide controlled dissection and incision as well as haemostasis. At different laser settings, the individual effects of laser properties (such as pulse length, energy and frequency) on tissue may be more significant.Item Computed tomography based evaluation of the association between sphenoid sinus pneumatization patterns and variations of adjacent bony structures in relation to age and gender(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Açar, Gülay; Gökşan, Ahmet Safa; Aydoğdu, DemetMany studies revealed that the sphenoid sinus pneumatization (SSP) affects the protrusion/dehiscence of adjacent structures including optic canal (OC), foramen rotundum (FR), vidian canal (VC), and carotid canal (CC). Knowledge of this relationship bears vital importance to identify the safest surgical route during transsphenoidal procedures. Therefore, we aimed to determine the individualized prevalence of the protrusion/dehiscence of adjacent structures based on sagittal and coronal SSP (SSSP and CSSP) patterns. Computed tomography images of 300 patients were analysed to identify the SSSP and CSSP types, and the protrusion/dehiscence of adjacent structures was determined. The relationship between the variables was examined using statistical analysis in terms of age, gender, and laterality. The most prevalent SSSP type was postsellar (62.7%), followed by sellar (30%), presellar (6.6%), and conchal (0.7%). In 71.3% of patients, five types of CSSP were observed, with 23.6% and 21.7% exhibiting Type IV and V, respectively. Our results indicated that postsellar type, Type IV and V CSSP associated with the highest likelihood of protrusion/dehiscence of OC, FR, VC, and CC. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between these qualitative variables and gender, with the exception of the VC dehiscence, the protrusion of OC and CC. No notable differences were identified with respect to laterality. Also, the probability of having postsellar type, Type IV and V CSSP, as well as the protrusion of OC, VC, and CC, decreased with increasing age. Further detailed analysis of this association is required to predict the size of the surgical window and to prevent neurovascular injury.Item Protective effects of hesperidin in gastric damage caused by experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats(Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento de Pesquisa em Cirurgia, 2024) Özyigit, Filiz; Değer, Ayşe Nur; Koçak, Fatma Emel; Ekici, Mehmet Fatih; Simşek, Hasan; Arık, ÖzlemThis study evaluated the protective effect of hesperidin on injury induced by gastric ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats (250–300 g) were divided into five groups: control (C), sham (S), ischemia (I), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and hesperidin + ischemia-reperfusion (Hes + I/R). Hesperidin was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 100 mg/kg one hour before the experimental stomach ischemia-reperfusion. Celiac artery was ligated. After 45 minutes ischemia and 60 minutes reperfusion period, blood samples were obtained under anesthesia. Then, animals were sacrificed, stomach tissues were excised for biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed. Malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), protein, total thiol parameters were measured in plasma, and tissue homogenate samples. H + E, periodic acid–Schiff, hypoxia inducible factor, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for cell proliferation as immunohistochemical parameters were determined. Results: Upon biochemical and histopathological assessment, hesperidin decreased stomach tissue changes in comparison with IR group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury led to a considerably increase in malondialdehyde, protein, and TOS levels (p < 0.001) in stomach tissue. Hesperidin treatment significantly decreased malondialdehyde, protein, and TOS levels (p < 0.001). Hesperidin increased superoxide dismutase, TAS, total thiol and glutathione peroxidase activities in comparison with IR group. Hesperidin reduced damage and also increased TUNEL and PCNA immunoreactivity in stomach tissue. Conclusions: Hesperidin was able to decrease I/R injury of the stomach tissue due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, duration of antioxidant, and free radical scavenger properties. Consequently, hesperidin can provide a beneficial therapeutic choice for preventing stomach tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury in clinical application.Item Naringin protects against colistin-induced sciatic nerve damage by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation damage(Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2024) Yılmaz, Selçuk; Küçükler, Sefa; Şi?mşek, Hasan; Aygörmez, Serpil; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetColistin is used in treatment against gram-negative bacteria. It causes toxic effects due to oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Naringin is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant properties found naturally in many plants, especially citrus fruits. This study aimed to determine the protective effects of NRG in CLS-induced sciatic nerve injury. Thirty-five male Spraque Sprague rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, NRG, CLS, CLS+NRG 50, and CLS+NRG 100. CLS was administered intraperitoneally at a 15 mg/kg dose for seven days. NRG was administered orally at 50 or 100 mg/kg doses for seven days. Sciatic nerve tissues were collected and analyzed for oxidative stress markers, inflammation, and apoptosis damage levels by biochemical methods. CLS caused toxic damage in sciatic nerve tissue by increasing lipid peroxidation (MDA) and decreasing antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH); increasing NF-?B, TNF-?, nNOS release; increasing apoptotic factor (Caspase-3); decreasing HO-1 and nCAM; and inducing 8-OHdG, MAPK and GFAP (p<0.05). NRG, on the other hand, reversed all these changes in sciatic nerve tissue, and reduced CLS-induced oxidative stress damage, inflammatory damage and apoptotic damage (p<0.05). These effects were more effective at the 100 mg/kg dose of NRG than at the 50 mg/kg dose (p<0.05). NRG showed a protective effect against CLS-induced sciatic nerve toxicity.Item Therapeutic Potential of Silymarin in Mitigating Paclitaxel-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity: Insights into Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats(Galenos Publishing House, 2024) Yakut, Seda; Atcalı, Tuğçe; Çağlayan, Cüneyt; Ulucan, Aykut; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet; Kara, Adem; Anuk, TurgutPaclitaxel (PAX) is a widely used chemotherapy drug for various cancer types but often induces significant toxicity in multiple organ systems. Silymarin (SIL), a natural flavonoid, has shown therapeutic potential due to its multiple benefits. Aims: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of SIL in mitigating liver and kidney damage induced by PAX in rats, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. Study Design: Experimental animal model. Methods: The study included 28 male Wistar rats aged 12-14 weeks weighing 270-300 g. The rats were divided into four groups: control, SIL, PAX, and PAX + SIL, with seven in each group. The rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram of body weight of PAX for 5 successive days, followed by oral gavage with 200 mg/ kg body mass of SIL for 10 uninterrupted days. We examined the effect of SIL on specific serum biochemical parameters using an autoanalyzer and rat-specific kits. The spectrophotometric methods was used to investigate oxidative stress indicators in kidney and liver tissues. Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B), and streptavidin-biotin staining were used to assess immunoreactivity in PAXinduced liver and kidney injury models. Results: SIL treatment significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and C-reactive protein, indicating its effectiveness in treating PAX-induced liver and kidney injury. SIL treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress by increasing essential antioxidant parameters, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione. It also reduced malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues of SIL-PAX groups (p < 0.05). SIL administration reduced NF-?B, caspase-3, and IL-6 expression while increasing Bcl-2 and AQP2 levels in liver and kidney tissues of rats treated with SIL and PAX (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate the potential of SIL to alleviate PAXinduced liver and kidney damage in rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic processes.
