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Öğe The effect of different gnss solutions on the direct sensor orientation accuracy(Copernicus GmbH, 2013) Kayı, A.; Yılmaz, H. M.; Yılmaz, A.Direct sensor orientation or direct georeferencing is the solution of exterior orientation parameters using GNSS\IMU data without ground control points. Accuracy of the system is based on GNSS\IMU integrated system accuracy. The integrated system containing DGNSS and IMU calculates the approximate exterior orientation parameters during the flight. The exterior orientation accuracy is based on GNSS and IMU accuracy. In this study, the effect of single point, network and PPP GNSS data processes without ground control point on the accuracy of the direct sensor orientation was evaluated. The area of the test region is approximately 1296 km(2). 393 images with 30 cm resolution were used in the study. It was calculated that single point solution horizontal accuracies are (X-Y) +/- 23-30 cm., vertical accuracy is (Z) +/- 40cm, network solution horizontal accuracies are (X-Y) +/- 24-27 cm, vertical accuracy is (Z) +/- 37 cm and PPP solution horizontal accuracies are (X-Y) +/- 20-28 cm, vertical accuracy is (Z) +/- 37 cm.Öğe Evaluation of ınstallation quality on polyethelene pipe performance under surcharge loads(American Institute Physics, 2010) Terzi, Niyazi U.; Düşünceli, Necmi; Yılmaztürk, Ferruh; Yıldırım, Sönmez; DAmore, A; Acierno, D; Grassia, LIn this study, a comprehensive laboratory test on 100 mm diameter HDPE 100 polyethylene flexible pipe buried in quartz sand is described. The laboratory test was performed in a 40 mm thick plexiglass-fronted test tank which replicated a classical trench section in field conditions. The polyethylene flexible pipe was positioned against the glass with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the glass. This allowed direct observation of the backfill-pipe interactions and pipe performance under surcharge loads. Three high definition photogrammetric cameras were taken photogrammetric images through the glass allowing the discrete measurement and image processing of the deformation patterns of the polyethelene pipe conduit during the pipe installation and incremental surcharge loading. Vertical loads were applied in increments of 10 kPa to 150 kPa using air pressure membranes. According to the test results, it is understood that the installation technique and backfill properties have an important effect on circumferential strains, performance and deformation characteristics of polyethelene HDPE pipe. It was also observed that close-range image processing is a very simple and appropriate method for measuring three dimensional pipe deformations under various conditions.Öğe Applicability of R statistics in analyzing landslides spatial patterns in Northern Turkey(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Althuwaynee, Omar F.; Musakwa, Walter; Gumbo, Trynos; Reis, SelçukStatistical analysis of rainfall-triggered landslides inventory patterns is a key for landslide hazard and risk prediction analysis of susceptible areas. The main objective of the study is to test if the landslides locations are spatially auto correlated, that could either be clustered (spatial attraction), dispersed or randomly distributed (spatially independent). Two categories of spatial distance functions were applied, first using, first-order distance analysis using Quadrat Counts function and kernel density analysis. The second category used second order distance analysis includes Diggle's empty space F-function and nearest neighbor distance G-function, and also, more sophisticated Ripley's K-function, which evaluates the distribution of all neighbor distances within the space taking into consideration the edge correction effect. Based on the generated curves by the G, F and K functions, we observed that landslides locations clearly tend to be clustered in certain areas rather than randomly distributed. Eventually, Moran's I autocorrelation function used to find where the highest amount of landslides are clustered using four conditioning factors (Elevation, Slope, Land-cover, and Geology). This study tests the landslides distribution pattern in landslide prone area of Trabzon city, northern turkey. The current study aims to facilitate the integration of spatial data and the coding in R environment through using the R extensive research tools and libraries. © 2017 IEEE.Öğe Photogrammetric study for Sircali Medrese Door(2009) Yakar, Murat; Yıldız, Ferruh; Alyılmaz, Cengiz; Yılmaz, Haci MuratSirçali Medrese(Madrasa- moslem theological school), which is one of the most important medreses of Konya and Anatolia is in Konya Province, Meram District, Gazialemşah Quarter.Sirçali Medrese, that is among the medreses having an open courtyard, two liwans and two floors, has been had constructed by Bedreddin Muslih in the Period of Giyaseddin Keyhüsrev the 2nd. In the front parts of the building cut stone is used, while in other parts rubble stone is used. It has been used as medrese until 1924 with various changes. The front side of the medrese lying in east - west direction is made of cut stone. The throne door making a projection forward is ornamented with geometric and Anatolian ornaments. In the part on the entrance door, there is an inscription. At two sides of this inscription, there are ornamental workmanship samples. Furthermore, as we see in classical Seljuk throne doors, there are two niches at both sides of the door. After the entrance, cradle vaulted liwan is located. In this study photogrammetric study of the sircali medrese door have been completed. All details have been obtained in 3d model. © 2009 All Rights Reserved by the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM.Öğe Evaluation of the land consolidation studies done for various purposes in Turkey(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2017) Karataş, Kamil; Sözen, Musa Nehir.In Turkey, it is essential to use agricultural land efficiently by obtaining more harvests from unit area in order to afford the increasing population needs on food supply, generate higher revenue from agriculture, and develop country. In doing so, the key movement is the practice of land consolidation. Land consolidation studies, which started in 1961, have been mainly aimed at linking roads and irrigation networks by clustering amorphous, scattered, fragmented, and small agricultural lands. As gaining momentum in the early 2000s, Land consolidation practices are applied in different areas by expanding its content and frame. As well as the arrangement of agricultural areas, it also aims to improve the living condition of famers. At the end of the process of the land consolidation studies in rural areas, the consolidation rates are calculated, and it is associated with the success of the project. In this study, five different projects, conducted in Balıkesir, Izmir, Denizli ve Şanlıurfa of provinces, are examined. The comparisons are made based on the aspects of land consolidation projects; cadastral structures, ownership status, direct access of the land to the road network, status of the shareholders, rating studies, fixed installations, interviews, distributions, land subdivision and merge ratios. Inspected LC projects are collected under five titles, integration of lands, escaped confiscation, irrigation, drainage, and renewal cadastres, according to their purposes. Because of distribution of parcels, copartnerships, lack of transportation, drainage and irrigation demand in studies of Land Consolidation, occupants look at these studies in a positive light. Main purposes of the Land consolidation projects, integration of lands, irrigation, drainage, escaped confiscation and renewal cadastre, must be one or a few of their purposes. While setting an objective, cadastral properties, stationary facilities and requirements of agricultural infrastructure in Land consolidation construction site have been scrutinized.Öğe Determining the vibrations of bosporus bridge by wavelet analysis(Scıence Press Beıjıng, 2009) Erdoğan, Hediye; Gülal, E.; Xia, H; Takemiya, HSuspension bridges are affected by the loads like temperature changes, traffic, pedestrian and wind. When designing the structure, all possible loads are considered. But sometimes unexpected activities may occur on these kinds of structures. For example, the Eurasia Marathon is one good example of unexpected activity for the Bosporus Bridge, which was affected by different activities and loads such as rhythmic, systematic, and random pedestrian running during this event. These loads have been used to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey. The field ambient vibration measurements on the bridge deck were conducted during the 27(th) Intercontinental Eurasia Marathon on 02. October. 2005. Vibrations of the bridge were determined by using Wavelet Transform in the time-domain. It was seen that the rhythmic run was caused rhythmic vibrations in the vertical direction. Any negative response did not determine. Because this rhythmic effect was continued in short time. Otherwise, if the vibration of rhythmic running and the natural vibration of the bridge coincided, considerable vibration problems could have occurred on the bridge. In this kind of situation, the effect of coercive forces may increase and some risks may occur for the bridge. Also when traffic load was effective, explicit movements were determined.Öğe A map Mash-Up application: Investigation the temporal effects of climate change on Salt Lake Basin(Copernicus Gesellschaft MBH, 2016) Kırtıloğlu, Osman Sami; Orhan, Osman; Ekercin, Semih; Halounova, L; Safar, V; Jiang, J; Olesovska, H; Dvoracek, P; Holland, D; Seredovich, VA; Muller, JP; Rao, EPR; Veenendaal, B; Mu, L; Zlatanova, S; Oberst, J; Yang, CP; Ban, Y; Stylianidis, S; Vozenlek, V; Vondrakova, A; Gartner, G; Remondino, F; Doytsher, Y; Percivall, G; Schreier, G; Dowman, I; Streilein, A; Ernst, JThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change effects that have been occurred at the beginning of the twenty-first century at the Konya Closed Basin (KCB) located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and particularly in Salt Lake region where many major wetlands located in and situated in KCB and to share the analysis results online in a Web Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. 71 Landsat 5-TM, 7-ETM+ and 8-OLI images and meteorological data obtained from 10 meteorological stations have been used at the scope of this work. 56 of Landsat images have been used for extraction of Salt Lake surface area through multi-temporal Landsat imagery collected from 2000 to 2014 in Salt lake basin. 15 of Landsat images have been used to make thematic maps of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in KCB, and 10 meteorological stations data has been used to generate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which was used in drought studies. For the purpose of visualizing and sharing the results, a Web GIS-like environment has been established by using Google Maps and its useful data storage and manipulating product Fusion Tables which are all Google's free of charge Web service elements. The infrastructure of web application includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Google Maps API V3 and Google Fusion Tables API technologies. These technologies make it possible to make effective "Map Mash-Ups" involving an embedded Google Map in a Web page, storing the spatial or tabular data in Fusion Tables and add this data as a map layer on embedded map. The analysing process and map mash-up application have been discussed in detail as the main sections of this paper.Öğe Land cover identification for finding hazelnut fields using WorldView-2 imagery(IEEE, 2011) Taşdemir, Kadim; Reis, SelçukRemote sensing imagery is currently used as an efficient tool for agricultural management. Particularly, very high spatial resolution (less than 1m) enables extraction of permanent crops (including nut orchards) by visual interpretation or automated methods based on mainly textural features representing the regular plantation pattern. For accurate detection of orchards (hazelnuts in particular), this study proposes a rule-based classification utilizing multi-scale Gabor features and spectral values. Thanks to its very high spatial (0.5m) and spectral (8-bands) resolution, WorldView-2 imagery is primarily used. The classification accuracies, obtained with features extracted from WorldView-2 and Quickbird imagery, are compared for a study area in Turkey (major hazelnut producer in the world). In addition, supplementary value of the new 4 bands (coastal, yellow, red edge, and NIR2) in WorldView-2 imagery is discussed.
