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A case study on the modeling and simulation of UAVs
(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2024) Koç, Osman Kerem; Sertkaya, Ali; Gönül, Alişan; Taner, Tolga; Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim
The flow and structure of an application design for un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are examined in this research. We also show an example of modeling and simulation study with the ANSYS Fluent and Mechanical programs. This research reveals the unmanned aerial vehicle’s structural and mechanical design, structure configurations, energy-flow and struc-tural analysis, propulsion and firing systems, prototype production and testing, and design flow models. This study aims to complete the unmanned aerial vehicle design by determining its aerodynamic configurations. Due to the complexity of the design, a preliminary prepa- ration for flow analysis is performed with simplified geometry as well as flow analysis. The unmanned aerial vehicle is tested at different velocities by numerical analysis. In addition, different density flow analyses provide predictions about the aerodynamic forces of the UAVs at different heights and temperatures. The thrust results are 4240 g, power became 1711.62 W with 2.48 g/W efficiency, and 12179 [rpm] revolution for 22.2 V voltage and 77.1 A current, respectively. The 5 different analyses are performed in the range of 2.9-12 million elements, and the solution meshes with the lowest number of elements by performing parametric stud- ies with the ANSYS program that gives the most accurate result.
Investigation of the effect of biofuel addition to jet fuel on engine performance and emissions in model jet engine
(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024) Kuyucu, O.; Kahraman, N.; Çeper, B. Albayrak; Akbıyık, Talip
The use of biofuel reinforced fossil fuels is increasing day by day, thanks to such as reducing the carcinogenic effects of fossil fuels and reducing the global warming effect. The unmanned aerial vehicle breakthrough made in our country, especially in the defense industry, will ensure that the use of smaller unmanned aerial vehicles becomes more widespread in the future, allowing us to reach more effective and economical solutions. In this study, biofuel was obtained from safflower oil, and the effect of adding various amounts of biofuel to kerosene in a model jet engine on engine performance, and emissions was examined. The closest results to kerosene in fuel consumption, thrust force and the use of biofuel to reinforce fossil fuels is increasing day by day. This is due to its ability to reduce the carcinogenic effects of fossil fuels and also to reduce the global warming effect. In Türkiye, especially in the defense industry, there has been a significant breakthrough in unmanned aerial vehicle technology. This breakthrough will ensure that the use of smaller unmanned aerial vehicles becomes more widespread in the future, allowing us to reach more effective and economical solutions. In this study, biofuel was produced from safflower oil. Researchers examined the effect of adding different amounts of biofuel into kerosene fuel in a model jet engine. Engine performance and emissions were analyzed in the study. When the specific fuel consumption of kerosene fuel is compared to the average of all cycles of other fuels, it is 5.6 % more than B10 fuel, 12.4 % more than B20 fuel and 15 % more than B30 fuel. 8.3 % less thrust force was obtained. The highest turbine inlet temperature values were obtained with Kerosene fuel. Similar results were obtained in terms of emissions, but the best results were obtained with Kerosene fuel. When the averages of the entire experiment with biodiesel blend fuels were compared, it was stated that it constituted an acceptable alternative fuel.
Yapay sinir ağları yöntemiyle İstanbul ili doğal gaz tüketiminin tahmini ve şehir giriş istasyonlarının planlanması
(Oğuzhan YILMAZ, 2024) Balıkçı, Vedat; Gemici, Zafer; Taner, Tolga; Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim
Bu çalışmada, Yapay Sinir Ağları kullanılarak İstanbul Asya yakası ve Avrupa yakası için günlük ve saatlik doğal gaz talep tahmin modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Doğal gaz kullanımını etkileyen parametreler; tüketici sayısı, ortalama günlük sıcaklık, minimum günlük sıcaklık, resmî tatiller, ısıtma derece gün sayısı olarak belirlenmiştir. 2008'den 2018'in sonuna kadar elde edilen veriler kullanılarak MATLAB yazılımı ile talep tahmin modelleri oluşturulmuş ve İstanbul’da son yüzyıl içerisinde yaşanmış en soğuk gün olan 9 Şubat 1929 günlük en düşük -16oC ve günlük ortalama -7oC sıcaklık değerlerine göre 2027 yılına kadar doğal gaz talebi tahmini yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma neticesinde, doğal gaz talep tahmini ile hangi yıl doğal gaz şehir giriş istasyonunun kurulacağına karar verilmektedir. Doğal gaz dağıtım şirketi tarafından bakıldığında, doğru tahmin yapılabilirliği sistemde oluşabilecek hataları azaltır ve gaz dağıtım planlamasını daha isabetli olanak sağlar. Bu şekilde, gaz sistemleri çok daha gerçekçi ve karlı hale gelir. Müşteri tarafından bakıldığında ise doğru tahmin değerleri, sistemde oluşabilecek hataları azaltacağı için bu da müşterilerin gazsız kalma olasılığını minimize eder. Ayrıca, Synergi Gas yazılımı ile İstanbul Asya ve Avrupa bölgelerinde yer alan dağıtım ağının hız ve basınç kriterleri dikkate alınarak, talep tahminine dayalı olası kötü senaryolar için doğal gaz şehir giriş istasyonlarının nereye kurulacağı öngörülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre İstanbul Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş. tarafından doğal gaz şehir giriş istasyonları projelendirme çalışması yapılmıştır.
Forecasting natural gas demand in Istanbul by artificial neural networks method and planning of city gate stations
(Gazi Universitesi, 2024) Balıkçı, Vedat; Gemici, Zafer; Taner, Tolga; Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim
In this study, daily and hourly natural gas demand for Istanbul’s Anatolian and European sides are estimated by using Artificial Neural Networks. Parameters affecting natural gas usage such as the number of consumers, average daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, official holidays, and heating degree days have been determined. By means of the data obtained from the year 2008 to the end of 2018, the forecasting model created by the MATLAB software estimates the natural gas demands up to 2027 according to the coldest day of Istanbul in the last century, which occurred on 9 February 1929, with the minimum daily temperature of -16? and the average daily temperature of -7?. As a result of this study, it is decided which natural gas city gate station will be constructed with natural gas demand forecast. When we view it from the perspective of a natural gas distributor, correct predictive values reduce the errors and make gas distribution planning correctly. In this way, gas systems become much more realistic and profitable. Also, from the customer’s point of view, because the correct predictive values reduce the errors that may occur in the system, the model minimizes the probability of being out of gas. Moreover, with Synergi Gas Software, new solutions can be produced for possible bad scenarios in advance, taking into account the velocity and pressure criteria of the distribution network located on İstanbul’s Anatolian and European sides where the natural gas city gate station will be constructed.
Novel air duct designs to estimate the windshield demisting issue for a commercial vehicle
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2024) Akgünlü, Şafak; Özcan, Onur; Bacak, Aykut; Taner, Tolga; Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim
This study is about the fog on the windshields of passenger buses because it makes it hard for drivers to see, which is dangerous. The goal of the research is to come up with an effective way to spread the produced mist. According to the study, the air duct design, which is connected to the car’s defroster and defrosting system by Kraft hoses, has to be upgraded. The analysis identifies areas in which the current air duct design might be enhanced and then makes design modifications to create a superior design. By conducting climatic chamber experiments on a vehicle equipped with the first air duct design and tracking the actual air velocity values at the nozzle tips, the success of the new technique is assessed. The boundary conditions for the analysis are the observed values. The study involves the utilization of a commercially available software package to conduct investigations on both the original and modified air duct designs. The software package employs a k-? turbulence model that is known to produce reliable results. The data demonstrate that the adjustments made in light of the comparison produced beneficial effects. The maximum air velocities were increased by 23%, while the pressure loss values of the left and right fans were reduced by 2.5% and 2.9%, respectively, due to the modification of the air duct. Significant energy was saved because of the decrease in fan pressure loss, which led to decreases in the power consumption of the left and right fans of 4.2% and 4.7%, respectively. This comparison shows that the newly built air ducts actually increased the flow rate at the system’s fan outlets by 40%.
A case study on the modeling and simulation of UAVs
(Yildiz Technical University, 2024) Koç, Osman Kerem; Sertkaya, Ali; Gönül, Alişan; Taner, Tolga; Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim
The flow and structure of an application design for un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are examined in this research. We also show an example of modeling and simulation study with the ANSYS Fluent and Mechanical programs. This research reveals the unmanned aerial vehicle's structural and mechanical design, structure configurations, energy-flow and struc-tural analysis, propulsion and firing systems, prototype production and testing, and design flow models. This study aims to complete the unmanned aerial vehicle design by determining its aerodynamic configurations. Due to the complexity of the design, a preliminary preparation for flow analysis is performed with simplified geometry as well as flow analysis. The unmanned aerial vehicle is tested at different velocities by numerical analysis. In addition, different density flow analyses provide predictions about the aerodynamic forces of the UAVs at different heights and temperatures. The thrust results are 4240 g, power became 1711.62 W with 2.48 g/W efficiency, and 12179 [rpm] revolution for 22.2 V voltage and 77.1 A current, respectively. The 5 different analyses are performed in the range of 2.9-12 million elements, and the solution meshes with the lowest number of elements by performing parametric studies with the ANSYS program that gives the most accurate result
Performance of refrigerants employed in rooftop air-conditioners
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Suerdem, Kaan; Taner, Tolga; Açıkgöz, Özgen; Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim; Panchal, Hitesh
Unlike earlier studies, this study examines six refrigerants with various properties using the same rooftop air conditioning system of a building to evaluate performance. Performance metrics such as cooling capacity, energy consumption, temperature, and pressure were calculated. Laboratory testing of a rooftop air conditioner with R410a was performed to validate the simulation program's predicted data. Six distinct refrigerants' carbon emissions in two different scenarios were calculated using the Life Cycle Climate Performance technique, which was evaluated for environmental studies. These experimental tests were carried out at temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C, respectively. Maximum discrepancies between simulated and experimental results for cooling capacity, energy consumption, and energy efficiency were calculated to be 2.8%. The study found the lowest value in the R1234yf carbon emission at 51.30 kg CO2e. The highest cooling capacity was 154760.34 W in R454b, and the lowest cooling capacity was 76949.94 W in R1234yf. The highest EER value was 3,018 in R454b, while the lowest released was 2.257 in R22. The SEER value was 4.101 for R32 and 2.298 for R1234yf. The simulations concluded that R410a, R454b, and R32 refrigerants have superior cooling capacities.
Energy and exergy analysis with emissions evaluation of a gasoline engine using different fuels
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Akbıyık, Talip; Kahraman, N.; Taner, T.
Petroleum-based fuels are used extensively as a result of the rising energy demands. Studies on fuels that will replace these fuels are now ongoing. In this study, performance, emission values of 4 different fuels at 4 different torque values were evaluated, and energy and exergy analyses were done utilizing combinations of gasoline, natural gas, and methanol. The tests employed a Lombardini LGW 523 2-cylinder 4-stroke engine. Four different fuels (gasoline, gasoline plus 50 g of natural gas, M20, and M20 plus 50 g of natural gas) were tested at a constant 3000 rpm with four different torque values (5, 10, 15, 20). In tests, it produced the lowest specific fuel consumption and the best emissions when combined with 50 g of natural gas fuel. The purpose of this study was to show that as torque increased, values for fuel, network, exhaust, absorption water, and energy destruction increased, while rates of lost energy decreased and rates of energy destruction increased.
Hydrogen production through alkaline electrolyzers: a techno-economic and enviro-economic analysis
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Naqvi, Syed Arslan Hassan; Taner, Tolga; Özkaymak, Mehmet; Ali, Hafiz Muhammad
Hydrogen production through an alkaline electrolyzer as well as a techno-economic and enviro-economic analysis are presented. The proposal of this innovative study is to generate hydrogen gas energy from an alkaline electrolyzer energy system. The prototype of this alkaline electrolyzer was developed by application of hydrogen production through alkaline electrolyzer optimization. This novel chemical mixture is made up from the combination of ammonia, ethyl alcohol, urea, and deionized or distilled water. The result proved to be a model study by emphasizing the annual profit of the alkaline electrolyzer of a simple payback period of the prototype system. A prototype of alkaline electrolyzer is designed and developed to produce oxyhydrogen gas through water electrolysis.
The effect of boron-doped addition to spark ignition engine oil on engine emission, performance and lubricating oil properties
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Akbıyık, Talip; Kahraman, Nafiz; Taner, Tolga
This study includes the effects of using CNG (natural gas) and gasoline on engine emissions, performance, and lubricating oil in the engine of spark ignition, with boron additive added to engine oil. The experiments were repeated through adjusting boron additive to an engine oil first time when the additive-free engine oil was changed and the engine was at full throttle opening. In addition, the experiment used three different load conditions, at constant 3000 rpm (after 50 h of operation), and used gasoline and natural gas for fuels. The test results showed that from the moment the engine oil was first added, the engine performance decreased as time passed. The decrease in engine performance was less when using boron-doped oil in the engine than when using engine oil without boron. The boron-doped the lubricating oil caused the properties of the lubricating oil to change less with the lower temperature in the engine, apart from the reduction of NOX emissions. Using the boron-doped or the undoped boron engine oil had no effect on emissions by fuel type. Although the use of gasoline fuel in the engine decreased CO, CO2, and HC emissions, NOX emissions increased in the system. The use of natural gas increased CO, NOX and CO2 emissions, but a decrease was obtained in HC emissions. It was revealed that the deterioration in the physical properties of the lubricating oil taken from the engine cartel at different times was less in the boron-doped oil than the undoped boron oil.
Investigation of the effect of boron additive to lubricating oil on engine performance, exhaust, and emissions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Akbıyık, Talip; Kahraman, N.; Taner, Tolga
In this study, the effect of adding doped boron to lubricating oil on engine performance and emissions, in the cases of using gasoline and natural gas as fuel, was investigated in a spark ignition engine. The engine was initially run on a mixture of undoped boron lubricating oil, gasoline, and natural gas. Subsequently, engine performance and emission values were measured in the work, after the engine was run for 50 h. The same measurements were repeated for both the initial values and the values after 50 h with gasoline and natural gas by adding boron to the lubricating oil. Experimental results revealed that using boron-doped lubricating oil causes an average of 2.4–8% reduction in specific fuel consumption when using gasoline and natural gas as fuel in the engine. It was found that the use of boron in the lubricating oil did not make a significant change in C2, CO, and HC emissions, but caused a significant 11.4–12.9% reduction in NOX emissions. As a result, it was observed that adding boron-doped lubricating oil in a gasoline engine provides a relative improvement in engine performance and emissions.
The novel and innovative design with using H2 fuel of PEM fuel cell: Efficiency of thermodynamic analyze
(Elsevier, 2021) Taner, Tolga
The study indicates a comparison of PEM fuel cell systems (cathodic plate) with previous experimental setup and a new nano-design manufacturing for the nano-micro scale fluids with the fuel of hydrogen gas. The scope of the study is to demonstrate a superiority of fuel cell efficiency as well as genuine design over the experimental commercial fuel cell. Finding results of the energy efficiency was found to be 72.4% and exergy efficiency's 85.22% of the PEMFC under 0.5 bar pressure and 0.2 l/min flow rate. Finding results revealed that the thermodynamic efficiency of PEMFC could be enhanced by regulating the pressure and flow rate parameters. This work gave great results thanks to the new design manufacturing. The results of this study emphasize to give better results compared to the results of the previous study. Besides supporting the previous study, it yielded even better results. Thus, it is thought that there will be a support energy system for larger energy systems in the future.
CFD analyses on the thermal comfort conditions of a cooled room: A case study
(Springer, 2022) Özsağıroğlu, Semih; Camcı, Muhammet; Taner, Tolga; Açıkgöz, Özgen; Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim; Wongwises, Somchai
This study examined a room with a surface of 1.8 x 1.8 x 2.85 (m) and a well-insulated floor (adiabatic condition) and examined the heat exchange from the side surfaces and ceiling. In this closed room, the heat transfer effects with radiation were investigated while bringing them to comfort conditions ranging from 30 (degrees C) air temperature to 20-24 (degrees C). A computer with a power of 25 (W) as a source of heat, a person with an average metabolic activity of 50-70 (W) and a table were found in this closed room. In this study, the cooling of the room from the floor, ceiling and air conditioner was inquired while the computer was running, in a closed area under the specified heat transfer conditions. As a scenario, the air exchange coefficient was modeled via Ansys Fluent, fed with air of 15 (degrees C) with 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 air. In addition, the comfort values of the human wrist (the distance of 0.1 m) and the shoulder (the distance of 1.1 m) were researched according to ASHRAE-55. The obtained results were analyzed as a comparison of ACH results, and the comfort parameter values were analyzed by reading the sections taken from the ankle shoulder level and velocity, temperature, values according to ANSI/ASHRAE-55. The relative humidity was 50% in the room, while the metabolic activity is 1.2 (met). These parameters corresponded to the sitting position; the clothing effect was found to be 0.67 (clo). The novelty of this study encourages the production of the ideal CFD analysis on the thermal comfort conditions of a cooled room, the task of engineering.
The preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties of chitosan/pectin silver nanoparticle films
(Springer, 2022) Akalın, Gülen Oytun; Öztuna Taner, Öznur
Edible film production from natural biodegradable polymers that will not cause environmental waste problems has been increasing in recent years. Antibacterial materials can be added to these films to increase the shelf life and quality of products. In this work, chitosan-based and chitosan/pectin-based silver nanoparticle films which has eco-friendly and antibacterial properties were synthesized. The morphological test of the prepared films was performed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The presence of silver element was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray. Thermal analysis was tested with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter analyzer. The crystallinity (%) of films was determined with X-ray diffraction analyzer. The presence of pectin increased the thermal stability and crystallinity%. The mechanical tests were examined with Zwick universal testing machine and the content of pectin improved the mechanical properties of film. The antibacterial test was done toward Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Chitosan/pectin-based films compared with chitosan-based film displayed long-lasting antibacterial activity against E.coli.
A flow channel with nafion membrane material design of pem fuel cell
(Yildiz Technical University, 2019) Taner, Tolga
This study is about flow channels in the design of the PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell system. In the experimental study, different flow geometry, Nafion membrane, and bipolar plate gas diffusion channel designs are available. In some cases, the techno-economic analysis method is applied. Cost analysis for the design has also been made and compared with similar studies. It was obtained that the new flow channel design increased the PEM fuel cell performance. A unit energy cost was set to 42.6 [$/W]. When a similar system was implemented for a year, the annual energy cost was calculated to be 25.48 [$/y]. The aim of this study is to determine the cost-benefit analysis of PEM fuel cell with a combined flow channel design. In addition, the simple payback period was found to be 0.81 [y]. Thus, the PEM fuel cell was determined by the techno-economic analysis calculation, in which energy savings can be achieved by the flow channel design.
The effect on performance and exhaust emissions of adding cotton oil methyl ester to diesel fuel
(Korea Society of Automotive Engineers Kore / Otomotiv Mühendisleri Derneği, 2016) Kahraman, Ali; Ciniviz, Murat; Örs, İlker; Oğuz, Hidayet
In the study, engine performance and exhaust emissions of diesel fuel and cotton oil methyl ester (COME) blends at proportions of 2%, %5 and 10% (v/v) have been investigated. The engine was fuelled with COME-diesel blends and pure diesel when running the engine at six different engine speed (1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000 rpm) and at full load. Test results are presented engine torque and specific fuel consumption (SCF) as engine performance, and Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke and nitrogen oxides (NOx) as exhaust emissions. As result, this study is show that although engine performance decreased with COME adding to diesel fuel, exhaust emissions was generally improved.
Parametrıc study of energy, exergy and thermoeconomıc analyses on a vapor-compressıon system cascaded wıth lıbr/water and nh3/water absorptıon cascade refrıgeratıon cycles
(Anadolu Üniversitesi, 2017) Dalkılıç, Ahmet Selim; Çelen, Ali; Çebi, Alican; Taner, Tolga; Wongwıses, Somchai
Energy savings on cooling systems can be achieved using novel refrigeration cycles. To this end, vapor-compression/vaporabsorption cascade refrigeration systems may be a substitute for single-stage vapor-compression refrigeration systems. These cycles can use renewable energy sources such as geothermal and solar heat energy as well as waste heat from processes to provide cooling, and they also require less electrical energy than vapor-compression cycles with alternative refrigerants. In this study, vapor-compression and vapor-absorption cascade systems undergo second-law analysis for various cooling capacities. While lithium bromide-water and NH3/H2O are the working fluids in the vapor-absorption part, various refrigerants are used in the vapor-compression section. The refrigerants R134a and R600a as well as R410A and R407C are tested in the study. The effects on the coefficient of system performance (COP) of alterations in cooling capacity, superheating, and subcooling in the vapor-compression part; temperature in the generator and absorber; and degree of overlap in cascade condenser in the vaporabsorption part. The results were validated by values given in the literature. Improvements in the COPs of the vapor compression, vapor absorption, and cascade systems were obtained separately. According to the analyses, cascade systems' COP increases with generator and evaporator temperatures and also increase as condenser and absorber temperatures decrease. Moreover, the generator had the highest exergy-destruction rates, followed by the condenser and absorber, respectively. Electricity consumption and payback period were also determined by considering the various parameters of the study.
Buharlaşma prosesi eşanjör ısı transferi analizi: Şeker fabrikası örneği
(Teknolojik Araştırmalar, 2015) Taner, Tolga; Sivrioğlu, Mecit
Bu çalışmada, dünyanın en önemli şeker entegre tesislerinden biri olan Çumra Entegre Tesisinin ham şerbet buharlaşma prosesi ısı transferi hesaplamaları yapıldı. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ham şerbet üretiminde buharlaştırıcı olarak kullanılan eşanjörlerin (ısı değiştirgeçleri) kütle denkliği ve enerji hesaplamaları ile buharlaştırıcı proses sıcaklık giriş ve çıkışları fabrika proses enerji analizi hesaplamalarında kullanabileceğini göstermektir. Bu enerji hesaplamalarında kullanılan bazı parametrik veriler fabrikanın otomasyon kumanda merkezinden alınmış ve bazı kabuller yapılmıştır. Bu hesaplamalara göre şeker üretimindeki buhar ihtiyacı ve özellikleri hesaplanmıştır. Evaporatörlerdeki buharlaştırıcı sıcaklık farkının 5.0 ile 8.7 [°C] arasında değiştiği hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca basıncın ise 0.17 ile 0.87 [bar] aralığında olduğu bulunmuştur. Hesaplamalar sonucunda, ham şerbet üretiminde kullanılan eşanjör (ısı değiştirgeci) enerji miktarının 2723.00 [kJ/pg] ve kireçli ham şerbet üretiminde kullanılan eşanjör enerji miktarının ise 11453.75 [kJ/pg] bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, kireçli ham şerbet üretiminde kullanılan eşanjörden elde edilen enerjinin daha fazla olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Şeker fabrikalarındeki enerji santralleri için termoekonomik analiz yöntemi
(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2014) Taner, Tolga; Sivrioğlu, Mecit
Bu çalışma, şeker fabrikalarındaki buhar enerji güç santrallerine termoekonomik analiz yönteminin uygulanması üzerinedir. Örnek olarak Konya Çumra Şeker Fabrikası ele alınmış ve termoekonomik yöntem uygulanmıştır. Termoekonomik yöntem olarak eşitlik (ekserjik maliyet denge) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Buhar enerji güç santralindeki ekserji hesaplamaları dikkate alınarak mevcut duruma göre senaryolar üretilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki amaç; şeker fabrikalarında yoğun olarak kullanılan ve üretilen enerjiden en iyi şekilde faydalanıp fabrikanın karlılığını arttırmaktır. Bu çalışma ile buhar enerji güç santralindeki mevcut gücün arttırılması amaçlanarak, ekserji maliyetinin düşürülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, fabrikada mevcut buhar enerji güç santralinden 8 [MW] farklı güçlerde senaryolar düzenlenmiştir. Buhar enerji güç santrali için 14 [MW]’lık senaryo düzenlendiğinde mevcut kurulu buhar enerji güç santraline göre ekserji maliyetinin 1,370 x10^-5 [€/kJ]’e düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir
The effect on vehicle performance and exhaust emissions of gasoline – ethanol blend which is high ethanol rate
(Tarım Makinaları Derneği, 2012) Örs, İlker; Ciniviz, Murat; Köse, Hüseyin
In this study, the effects of blending gasoline and ethanol which will probably be consumed as an alternative for gasoline in the future on wheel power, CO, HC, NOx and CO2 emissions were examined at spark ignition engines, at vehicles with electronic ignition system and injection fuel system. As fuel, gasoline-ethanol blend with a %85 ethanol were used. According to the results of the experiment, wheel power was decreased. Fuel consumption was increased. In case exhaust emissions, CO, CO2 and NOx emissions were decreased, HC emission was increased.

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