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Effects of body condition score on milk yield and calf birth weight in dairy cattle
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2025) Kayar, Tamer; Erzurum, Onur
This study investigated the effects of pre-calving body condition scores (BCS) on milk yield and calf birth weights in pregnant Holstein heifers. For this purpose, data from 66 primiparous heifers, their first lactation milk yields, and the birth weights of 66 calves born from these heifers were analyzed. Two different rations consisting of concentrate feed and roug- hage with 36% HP and 1718 kcal/kg ME were used in the feeding of the animals pre- and post-calving. Approximately three weeks pre- calving, the heifers were classified into three groups based on their BCS as low (BCS ≤ 3.00), moderate (BCS 3.25 ≤ 3.50), and high (BCS ≥3.75). To determine changes in body condition, a second scoring was performed immediately post-calving. The differences between pre- and post-calving BCS values were calculated, and the BCS changes for each animal were identified. The effects of these changes on milk yield and calf birth weight were statistically analyzed using one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, BCS at calving had no significant effect on 305-day adjusted lactation milk yield (p>0.05). Additionally, pre-calving BCS and post-calving BCS changes did not affect calf birth weights (p>0.05). However, the findings indicated that a post-calving BCS loss of 0.50–0.75 points significantly increased milk yield (p<0.05). This finding suggests that controlled energy mobilization in early lactation may support milk production. Therefo- re, properly planned transition period rations are thought to be essential for ensuring herd health and increasing milk yield.
The effect on mycotoxin development of combined organic acid additive at different levels in dairy feed
(Hasan ÖNDER, 2025) Budak, Duygu; Bilgeçli, Kazım
Organic acid treatment to prevent deterioration of feeds by exposure to mycotoxins and to extend their storage life is the most important requisite of natural, safe and wholesome feed production. (1) Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an organic acid (OA) combination added in incremental levels to commercial dairy feed, on mycotoxin development in feeds stored for varying lengths of time; (2) Methods: For the trial, a total of 5 treatment groups were formed as control, 10 lt water only (without OA), and 10 lt water with respectively 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 kg/ton OA addition. The trial conducted in a commercial feed mill for a span of 3 months from March through May, was set-up in a 3x5 factorial plan, taking into account the effect of groups and storage duration in months. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxin, fumonisin B1, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin, fumonisin B2 and HT-2 levels were measured in the feed samples taken at certain control points of the feed manufacturing process, that is to say after the mixer, conditioner and cooler, and stored for three months; (3) Results: It was determined on the basis of the results that, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin levels significantly decreased (P
Some morphologic characteristics of central anatolian merino sheep
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2022) Tuncer, Selçuk Seçkin; Behrem, Sedat; Arzık, Yunus; Kızılaslan, Mehmet
This study aimed to investigate the body weight and some body measurements in Central Anatolian Merino sheep regarding ages and to carry out a comparative analysis between them. The study included a total of 60 animals aged 2, 3 and 4 years old. The sheep were fed daily with hay, vetch, alfalfa and limited amount of concentrated feed (400 g/head) until the pasture period, and pasture grass and mixed grass-clover hay during the pasture period. The live weights of the sheep of different ages in the farms were measured with a digital scale, and some body sizes were measured using a measuring tape and a measuring stick. When the live weight and chest circumference values of the 4-year-old sheep were compared with the data obtained in the other age groups (2 and 3 years old), and it was statistically significant, chest width and rump height values were found to be similar to those in the 3-age group. There were significant correlations between live weight and chest circumference, between withers height and rump height and significant correlations between live weight and chest width, body length with rump height, chest width with chest depth. In addition, significant correlations were found between live weight and chest depth, and between withers height, body length, and chest depth. Present findings revealed that the Central Anatolian Merino sheep can be beneficial in the development of meat-type sheep breeding.
Relationship between weight, volume and specific gravity of goose eggs before incubation
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2021) Karabulut, Osman
In this study, the relationships between the weight, volume and specific gravity of eggs are revealed by calculating egg's volume and specific gravity depending on the weight of the egg, breadth and length, which are only three variables, with mathematical equations. Eggs to three goose genotypes, Grey China, Linda and Native geese from Aksaray region taken from six breeders were used. Eggs (n=481) were weighed and Length, Breadth measurements made with a precision of 0.01 mm. Average weights in genotypes from large to small in Linda, Native and Chinese geese were detected as; 165.9, 137.2 and 131.1 g, respectively, and the average egg volume was found as; 152.0, 126.0 and 120.3 cm3, respectively. Specific gravity from large to small in Linda, China and Native has occurred as; 1.092, 1.091 and 1.089 g/cm3. Egg volume was calculated with mathematical equations and results were close to real, and accordingly the calculated Specific gravity was also detected to be realistic. These results were obtained easily by only three variables, egg weight, and Length and Breadth values. This method can pave the way to obtain a lot of information about the egg with Specific gravity.
The Effects of Biscuit on Fermentation Characteristics, Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility of Alfalfa Silage
(Sezer ÖZ, 2024) Doğan Daş, Besime; Budak, Duygu; Daş, Aydın
This study was conducted to determine the effects of addition of expired biscuit to alfalfa silage on silage quality, fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestion. In the study, the silage group without additives constituted the control group, while the silages prepared by adding 1% biscuit, 2% biscuit and 4% biscuit constituted the experimental groups. Silages were opened after 70 days ensiling. There were significant differences among groups for dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), pH, carbon dioxide (CO2) formation, in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and in vitro methane gas (CH4) values of silages. The silage pH range of all silage groups was 5.12-5.82.
Şeftali Posasının Yonca Silajlarında Karbonhidrat Kaynağı Olarak Kullanılma Olanakları
(İktisadi Kalkınma ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Derneği, 2024) Kayar, Tamer; Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, Behlül; Ayaşan, Tugay; Duru, Asuman
Bu çalışmada, farklı dozlarda şeftali posası ilavesinin yonca silajlarının kimyasal kompozisyon ve fermentasyon özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, katkı maddesi olarak şeftali posası, % 0 (kontrol), % 5 ve % 10 düzeylerinde yonca silajlarına eklenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirildiğinde, şeftali posası katkısı silajların kuru madde ve ham protein içeriğini düşürmüştür (P<0.001). Ayrıca % 5 şeftali posası ilavesi, kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında NDF (P<0.05) ve ADF (P<0.01) içeriklerinde düşüşe neden olmuştur. Laktik asit (P<0.05), asetik asit (P<0.001), propiyonik asit (P<0.001), bütirik asit (P<0.01) içerikleri kontrol grubunda en düşük değerde iken, % 5 şeftali posası katkılı grupta pH içeriği en düşük düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Araştırma sonunda, yonca silajları üzerindeki etkilerinin farklı dozlar ve/veya ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Levels of understanding cat body language of Cat owners in Türkiye
(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2025) Erzurum, Onur; Kayar, Tamer
The aim of this study was to reveal how much the expressions cats show using their bodies are understood by their owners. A face-to-face survey was conducted on 1,459 cat owners between the year of ages 18-65 and living in seven regions of Türkiye. The participants were determined from people who come to animal hospitals or pet clinics and have cats at home, and these people participated in the survey voluntarily. When the distribution of the participants according to regions is analysed, the highest participation was from the Central Anatolia Region with 42.83%. The age group with the highest participation was the 18-25 age group. Among the questions in the survey, the ones with the highest percentage of correct answers were “Extremely Terrified” and “Disgusted,” while the question that received the most incorrect responses was “Anxious”. The rates of correct responses were nearly identical for both women (48.95) and men (48.03%). Among the participants of the survey, only one person answered all questions correctly. The region with the highest percentage of correct answers is Central Anatolia. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed in order to reveal the difference in the correct answers about the body language of cats according to age. Cat owners are not sufficient to understand the body language of cats and for this reason, they need to be informed and trained by experts on the body language of cats. When the literature review was conducted on the understanding of cat body language by cat owners, no other study covering the whole of Türkiye was found.
Exploring Genetic Factors Associated with Moniezia spp. Tapeworm Resistance in Central Anatolian Merino Sheep via GWAS Approach
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Arzık, Yunus; Kızılaslan, Mehmet; Behrem, Sedat; Piel, Lindsay M. W.; White, Stephen N.; Çınar, Mehmet Ulaş
Gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) infections are a major challenge in pasture-based sheep farming, leading to both economic losses and animal welfare concerns. This study aimed to identify genetic factors that contribute to resistance against tapeworm (Moniezia spp.) infections in Central Anatolian Merino (CAM) sheep. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 226 CAM lambs, analyzing their genetic data in relation to Moniezia spp. egg burden. Thirteen significant genetic markers (SNPs) were identified. Two key immune-related genes, CD79A and MAP3K7, were linked to parasite resistance. CD79A is essential for B-cell activation and antibody production, while MAP3K7 regulates immune responses, particularly through NF-κB signaling. These findings highlight the potential for using genetic information to improve disease resistance in livestock breeding programs. Further research is needed to understand the role of these genes and to explore host–parasite interactions in more detail.
Unveiling the Pre-Weaning Growth Performance and Some Reproductive Characteristics of Akkaraman and Central Anatolian Merino Sheep
(Unveiling the Pre-Weaning Growth Performance and Some Reproductive Characteristics of Akkaraman and Central Anatolian Merino Sheep, 2025) Behrem, Sedat
This study evaluated growth and reproductive traits in two sheep breeds in Türkiye, Akkaraman (AKK) and Central Anatolian Merino (CAM), with a focus on the impact of non-genetic factors. Data were analysed from 21,414 AKK and 20,099 CAM lambs for birth weight (BW) and 27,528 AKK and 24,639 CAM lambs for weaning weight (WW), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and Kleiber ratio (KR) using a linear mixed model. AKK lambs showed a significantly higher mean BW (4.19 ± 0.01 kg) than CAM lambs (4.02 ± 0.01 kg) (p < 0.001), whereas CAM lambs had significantly higher WW, ADWG and KR (p < 0.001 for each trait). Fixed effects of sex, birth type, dam age, birth year, herd size and season significantly influenced all growth traits (p < 0.05). Male lambs demonstrated higher BW, WW, ADWG and KR than females (p < 0.001), and single-born lambs had significantly higher BW and WW than twins (p < 0.001). Dam age also influenced all growth traits, with lambs from younger dams tending to be heavier (p < 0.001). In terms of survival, AKK lambs exhibited a significantly higher survival rate (93.85%) than CAM lambs (89.50%) (p < 0.001). Conception rates were similar for both breeds (92.9% for AKK and 92.3% for CAM), whereas CAM lambs showed higher fecundity and litter size. These findings underscore the breed differences in growth and reproductive traits and highlight the importance of considering non-genetic factors to inform breed-specific management practices aimed at optimizing productivity.
Association of the SNP in akirin 2 Gene With Growth and Carcass Traits in Zavot Cattle
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Ertan, Osman Tufan; Arzık, Yunus; Daldaban, Fadime; Arslan, Korhan; Akyüz, Bilal
Understanding the genetic factors that influence meat yield is crucial due to the economic importance of average daily live weight gain (ADWG) in livestock. This study investigates the relationship between the c.*188G>A SNP in the 3′-UTR region of the akirin 2 gene and growth traits in Zavot cattle, focusing on the gene's role in muscle development. Genotyping of the c.*188G>A SNP was conducted using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, revealing frequencies of 0.09 for AA, 0.75 for AG and 0.16 for GG genotypes, respectively. Our findings demonstrate a significant association between this SNP and ADWG, as well as percentage. These results suggest that the c.*188G>A SNP within akirin 2 could serve as a valuable DNA marker for predicting ADWG and percentage traits in Zavot cattle.
RNA-Seq of Chicken Embryo Liver Reveals Transcriptional Pathways Influenced by Egg Formaldehyde Treatment
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Özdemir, Mustafa; Sajid, Ghulam Asghar; Büyükkılıç Beyzi, Selma; Kızılaslan, Mehmet; Arzık, Yunus; Yalçın, Servet; White, Stephen N.; Çınar, Mehmet Ulaş
Hatchery fumigation is recognized as a crucial step to control microbial bloom in the environment, and formaldehyde is one of the most widely used disinfectants to ensure successful hatchability and healthy production. While many of the benefits are thought to be derived from disinfectant properties, it is possible that additional host gene and genetic pathway modulation could contribute to these outcomes. The current study aimed to capture the in ovo transcriptional response of liver tissue to formaldehyde treatment. Methods: Chick embryos were subjected to formaldehyde fumigation treatment for 25 min at 24–25 °C and 75% relative humidity, keeping a control group as untreated. On the 18th day of incubation at 37.8 °C and 58–63% humidity, eggs were broken, and liver tissue was obtained for RNA isolation, cDNA library preparation, and RNA sequencing. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed 908 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 814 were known genes and 94 were novel genes. A total of 672 DEGs were upregulated, whereas 236 genes were downregulated in response to FA treatment. Of the 94 novel genes, 80 were upregulated. Key DEGs, associated QTLs, and transcription factors were involved in immuno-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, epigenetic modification, and cellular adaptation-related activities. Further research should focus on biological validation of key DEGs to clarify their roles, pathways, and relationships to FA treatment. Conclusions: Overall, these findings (1) provide critical molecular detail as a first step towards genetic selection to improve formaldehyde treatment response and effectiveness, and (2) provide DEG signatures for FA treatment as a reference against which to compare other interventions to achieve hatchability and production benefits.
Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in the Relationship Between Body Condition Score and Oxidative Stress in Periparturient Period Holstein Heifers
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Kayar, Tamer; Özkurt, Güzin; Erzurum, Onur; Er, Kübra; Büyükgüngör, Beril; Geçgel, Beyza Nur; Karaburç, Muhammet Nureddin
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of body condition scores (BCSs) on oxidative stress and thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) in Holstein pregnant heifers during the transition period. A total of 36 healthy primiparous heifers in the 7th month of pregnancy, all approaching their first calving, were included in the study. The animals were allocated into three equal groups based on their BCS. The BCS measurements were performed 21 days pre-calving and on the 21st day post-calving. Pre-calving and post-calving serum levels of total thiol (TTL), native thiol (NTL) and disulphide (DSF) were quantified using standard techniques. The study revealed significant differences in BCS, TTL and DSF values among groups both pre- and post-calving (p < 0.05), whereas the changes in NTL values were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Overall, a decrease in BCS and NTL levels was observed, accompanied by an increase in TTL and DSF levels. Correlation analysis within groups indicated low-level relationships between changes in BCS and TTL, NTL and DSF levels. Consequently, regression analysis did not yield any statistically significant predictive models. The results showed a differential response between the loss of BCS and the oxidative stress during the periparturient period. The increased DSF levels observed during late pregnancy and early lactation indicate a deficiency in antioxidant substances in the animals. Therefore, supplementing the ration with a premix containing antioxidant substances during the transition period may provide significant benefits in terms of maintaining the BCS balance, animal welfare and herd health.
Exploring the polygenic landscape of wool traits in Turkish Merinos through multi-locus GWAS approaches: middle Anatolian Merino
(Nature Research, 2025) Yaman, Yalçın; Önaldı, A. Taner; Doğan, Şükrü; Kırbaş, Mesut; Behrem, Sedat
This study investigates the genetic underpinnings of wool traits, specifically fibre diameter (FD) and staple length (SL), in Middle Anatolian Merino sheep using multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches. Representing the first attempt to examine these polygenic traits with multi-locus methods, the analysis employed four techniques: mrMLM, FASTmrMLM, FASTmrEMMA, and ISIS EM-BLASSO. A total of 18 Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (QTNs) were identified for FD, with 7 co-detected by multiple methods, and 14 QTNs were identified for SL, with 5 co-detected by multiple methods. Post-hoc power analysis revealed high statistical power for both traits (FD: 0.95, SL: 0.91). Notably, three candidate genes—PTPN3, TCF4, and ZBTB8A—were found to be consistent with prior studies. Gene enrichment and pathway analyses reaffirmed the complex and multifactorial molecular mechanisms governing wool traits. These findings enhance our understanding of the polygenic nature of wool traits, shedding light on the intricate genetic regulation and pinpointing genomic regions potentially influencing wool physiology. By identifying specific QTNs associated with FD and SL, this research provides a foundation for elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these economically significant traits. Upon validation in diverse populations, these findings hold substantial promise for the application of marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve wool traits.
Genetic parameter estimation of preweaning growth traits in Akkaraman sheep
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Arzık, Yunus; Behrem, Sedat; Sakar, Çağrı Melikşah; Ünal, İlker
This study aimed to evaluate (co)variance components and heritability of pre-weaning body weight traits and the Kleiber ratio in Akkaraman sheep. Data collected between 2018 and 2023 from Çankırı province, Türkiye, formed the basis of this research. The considered traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average pre-weaning daily weight gain (ADWG), and Kleiber ratio (KR). Utilizing animal mixed models and the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) procedure, genetic parameters were estimated. Direct heritability estimates were 0.30 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.02, and 0.28 ± 0.03 for BW, WW, ADWG, and KR, respectively. Maternal genetic heritabilities were 0.03 for WW and 0.02 for WW, ADWG, and KR. Direct genetic correlations among pre-weaning growth traits were negative for BW-WW and BW-ADWG and positive for WW-ADWG at -0.05, -0.23, and 0.98, respectively. The moderate direct heritability estimate suggests the presence of genetic variability in the Akkaraman sheep breed, indicating potential genetic progress through selective breeding. Despite the low maternal permanent environmental effects, the significant impact of maternal care on lamb growth in this breed underscores the importance of considering both direct and maternal effects in the genetic evaluation of early growth traits. The observed negative genetic correlations among birth weight, weaning weight, and daily live weight gain until weaning emphasize the need for careful consideration in selection programs for the Akkaraman breed.
Moisture optimization and energy saving effects of combined organic acid and surfactant ınclusion in pelleted feed production
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2024) Budak, Duygu; Bilgeçli, Kazım
Öz: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of inclusion of an organic acid and surfactant (OS) combination on moisture optimization and energy sparing in the production of pelleted compound feeds for dairy and beef cattle. The trial was carried out in two independent private commercial feed factories (factories A and B) producing cattle feed in pellet form. Each factory produced 21 tons of commercial cattle feed (7 batches; 3 tons per batch); factory A, a dairy feed containing 2620 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME) with 18.90% crude protein (CP); and factory B, a fattening feed containing 2550 kcal/kg ME with 13.00% CP. Batches for the treatment groups were prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ton of OS (Fylax flow) respectively to these basal feeds in the mixer. The moisture retention capacity during pelleting process of all three OS supplemented feeds increased in comparison to the basal feed, whilst moisture content of the finished feeds and energy consumed for production decreased significantly. It was observed that increasing the OS supplementation to 1.5 kg could further increase the moisture retention capacity and moisture content in pellet production compared to the feeds supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 kg OS, due to the lower power rating of the equipment. It has thus been concluded that adding 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg of OS to commercial compound feeds for dairy resulted in a profitable production with good moisture optimization and energy savings during pelleting.
Unravelling the genetic architecture of serum biochemical indicators in sheep
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Kızılaslan, Mehmet; Arzık, Yunus; Behrem, Sedat; Yavuz, Esra; White, Stephen N.; Çınar, Mehmet Ulaş
Serum biochemical indicators serve as vital proxies that reflect the physiological state and functions of different organs. The genetic parameters and molecular mechanisms underlying serum biochemical indicators of sheep (Ovis aries) have not been well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the genetic architecture and genomic loci underlying ten serum biochemical indicators in sheep, including alanine transaminase, aspartate transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, creatinine, urea and total protein levels. We implemented genetic parameter estimations and GWASs for each trait in 422 Akkaraman lambs. Overall, low to moderate heritability estimates were found in the range of 0.14–0.55. Additionally, low to high genetic correlations were observed among traits. In total, 23 SNP loci were associated with serum biochemical indicators leading to 19 genes. These were SPTA1, MGST2, CACUL1, IGFBP7, PARD3, PHB1, SLC15A5, TRIM35, RGS6, NUP93, CNTNAP2, SLC7A11, B3GALT5, DPP10, HST2ST1, NRP1, LRP1B, MAP3K9 and ENSOARG00020040484.1, as well as LOC101103187, LOC101117162, LOC105611309 and LOC101118029. To our knowledge, these data provide the first associations between SPTA1 and serum cholesterol and between ENSOARG00020040484.1 and serum glucose. The current findings provide a comprehensive inventory of the relationships between serum biochemical parameters, genetic variants and disease-relevant characteristics. This information may facilitate the identification of therapeutic targets and fluid biomarkers and establish a strong framework for comprehending the pathobiology of complex diseases as well as providing targets for sheep genetic improvement programs.
Exploring the economically important growth traits and environmental influences on akkaraman lambs in Ankara
(Sezer ÖZ, 2024) Kızılaslan, Mehmet; Arzık, Yunus; Behrem, Sedat
This study focused on the Akkaraman sheep breed, specifically examining the pre-weaning growth characteristics and Kleiber ratio, within the framework of Türkiye’s National Community-Based Small Ruminant Breeding Program. The research involved Akkaraman lambs born between 2017 and 2021 across 20 farms in the Ankara province. The dataset comprised 19,119 observations, covering key attributes such as birth weight, weaning weight, average daily weight gain, and the Kleiber ratio. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify outliers, assess normality, and develop linear models to explore the impact of environmental factors on the traits. Birth weight was significantly influenced by sex, birth type, birth season, birth year, and flock size. Weaning weight exhibited significant variations based on the same factors, emphasizing the importance of gender, birth type, birth season, birth year, and flock size. Average daily weight gain was notably affected by gender, birth type, birth season, birth year, flock size, and environmental factors, emphasizing their impact on growth. The Kleiber ratio demonstrated significant variations influenced by gender, birth type, birth season, birth year, and flock size. The results highlighted the intricate interplay between environmental factors and pre-weaning growth traits in the Akkaraman sheep breed. The study contributes valuable insights to enhance productivity and underscores the potential of the Akkaraman breed in Türkiye's overall agricultural development, considering its adaptability to arid climates and challenging pasture conditions.
Evaluation of the relationship of some environmental factors and number of inseminations per pregnancy with milk yield in holstein cows
(Sezer ÖZ, 2024) Erzurum, Onur; Kayar, Tamer
In order to investigate the relationship between some environmental factors and the number of artificial inseminations per pregnancy with milk yield, data of 90 healthy Holstein breed dairy cows in a private dairy farm in Karapınar district of Konya province were taken. For the utilization of the data, age, number of artificial inseminations, lactation yield, calving season and sequence of lactation records were taken from the herd management program in the enterprise and analysed. As a result of the analysis, the number of artificial inseminations per pregnancy in 2016 was 1.79 and lactation milk yield was 10079,41 kg; the number of artificial inseminations per pregnancy in 2017 was 2.16 and lactation milk yield was 9767.94 kg. There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of artificial inseminations per pregnancy and milk yield during lactation period in both years. As a result, the increase in the number of artificial inseminations per pregnancy negatively affected the average milk yield of lactation period. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a major role in this effect.
The Effects of Pre-weaning and Post-weaning Feeding Periods on Biochemical Parameters in Terms of Metabolic Profile in Dorper and Lacaune Lambs
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Budak, Duygu
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding on biochemical parameters in terms of metabolic profile in female and male lambs of Dorper and Lacaune breeds at the developmental stages from birth. Methods: A total of 32 singleton newborn Dorper and Lacaune breed lambs (n=8 for each group; male and female) were used. The trial was continued total of 5 nutritional periods each of 21-day after the first two weeks (0-14 days) suckling period. The biochemical parameters determined were paraoxonase 1 (PON1), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), aspartat amino transferase (AST), alanin amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Result: PON1 activity of all lambs was found to be low during the suckling period (P?0.001). The highest IMA value was reached in against to the decrease in TP and ALP levels during the weaning period (P?0.001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of PON1, TP, ALB and ALP. Increases were observed in the AST, ALT, IMA and MDA levels of male Dorpers. (P?0.05). It was concluded that adaptation periods to solid feeds may cause oxidative damage or variable metabolic activity in male Dorpers.
Genetic parameters for ewe lifetime productivity traits in Central Anatolian Merino sheep
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Kızılaslan, Mehmet; Arzık, Yunus; Behrem, Sedat
Rapidly increasing population size, recent breaks in production and supply chains, due to pandemics, and those further expected because of climate change emphasize the compelling importance of animal productivity. Traits associated with the productivity of ewes have a direct impact on the overall productivity, profitability and efficiency of sheep farms. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to estimate the variance components, heritabilities as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations, for traits associated with the lifetime productivity of Central Anatolian Merino ewes. Birth and weaning records of lambs for each ewe as well as environmental factors such as sex and birth type were utilized for deriving ewe lifetime productivity traits. Genetic parameter estimations involved observations from 3101 Central Anatolian Merino ewes, encompassing mean and total lamb birth weight per ewe (MBW and TBW), mean and total lamb weaning weight per ewe (MWW and TWW), and the mean and total number of lambs weaned (MNLW and TNLW). This analysis utilized a pedigree comprising 13229 animals. Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AIREML) based Animal Linear Mixed Model estimations for the decomposition of (co)variance components were implemented based on pedigree-derived numerator relationship matrix by also accounting for the number of parities as a fixed factor. Low to moderate heritability estimates, ranging between 0.29 and 0.42, were observed for the lifetime productivity traits of the breed. A wide range of genetic and phenotypic correlations (between ?0.56 and 0.99) was observed among the traits of interest. The outcomes of the study are anticipated to significantly enhance the global sheep production systems by uncovering the essential parameters for incorporating ewe's lifetime reproductive performance and productivity into the selection indices. This will also benefit Central Anatolian Merino farmers, who form a large proportion of sheep producers in Turkey.

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