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Öğe An inclusive physicochemical comparison of natural and synthetic chitin films(Elsevier, 2018) Kaya, Murat; Salaberria, Asier M.; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Labidi, Jalel; Baran, Talat; Mulercikas, Povilas; Duman, FatihNatural and synthetic chitin films, obtained from the same source were produced and their physicochemical properties were examined comparatively. Firstly, natural chitin film was obtained from elytra of an insect (Oryctes nasicornis L) and purity of the obtained chitin film (degree of acetylation: 79 +/- 2%) was demonstrated by solid state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR). Then, the synthetic film was produced by dissolving of natural chitin film in LiCl-DMAc. The obtained natural and synthetic films were characterized by AFM, TGA, DSC, FTIR, mechanical properties, light transmission and contact angle. The analyses result demonstrated that natural chitin film lost very important properties such as high thermal stability, transparency, nanofibrous nature, tensile strength, Young's modulus and hydrophobicity after transforming the synthetic film. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Antioxidative and antimicrobial edible chitosan films blended with stem, leaf and seed extracts of Pistacia terebinthus for active food packaging(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2018) Kaya, Murat; Khadem, Sanaz; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Mujtaba, Muhammad; İlk, Sedef; Akyüz, Lalehan; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Abdulqadir, Ako Hamasaeed; Deligöz, EnginMethanol extracts of stem, leaf, and seed obtained from Pistacia terebinthus which are rich in phenolic compounds were used for the first time to produce chitosan-based antioxidative and antimicrobial films. All the produced films were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, contact angle measurements, and UV-Vis spectroscopy and mechanically. As was expected, incorporation of the plant extracts into chitosan films enhanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities effectively. Also, the elasticity of chitosan-seed and chitosan-stem films was improved. The eco-friendly nature of the produced blend films was determined through soil and water degradation analyses. All these findings lead to the conclusion that the produced blend films with Pistacia terebinthus extracts can be applied as alternative food packaging material.Öğe Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties(Elsevıer Scıence Bv, 2017) Akyüz, Lalehan; Kaya, Murat; Koç, Behlül; Mujtaba, Muhammad; İlk, Sedef; Labidi, Jalel; Salaberria, Asier M.; Çakmak, Yavuz SelimPractical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. But still, these biopolymers lack important properties in order to meet the industrial demands. In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. In order to obtain a homogeneous film, glutaraldehyde was supplemented to chitosan solution as a cross-linker. Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277 degrees C). The microstructure of the film was observed to haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite. The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite revealed a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity. Additionally with the present study, for the first time possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite were determined via quantum chemical calculations. Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of different animal fat and plant oil additives on physicochemical, mechanical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of chitosan films(Elsevier, 2018) Akyüz, Lalehan; Kaya, Murat; İlk, Sedef; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Akyüz Yılmaz, Bahar; Sargın, İdrisPractical application of chitosan-essential oil blend films is limited due to the uneconomical extraction procedure of essential oils from plants. This study aimed to produce chitosan films blended with low cost and commercially available oils and fats consumed in daily human diet (olive, corn and sunflower oils, butter and animal fats). The study also focused on how physicochemical, biological and mechanical properties of chitosan blend films were influenced by the incorporation of oils and fats with varying unsaturation degrees. Possible interactions of chitosan film matrix with incorporated oils or fats were investigated. Chitosan-olive oil film showed better surface morphology and higher thermal stability than the films with other unsaturated oils. Tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break were improved by 57.2%, 25.1% and 31.7% for chitosan-olive oil film, respectively. Chitosan-olive oil blend film had the highest antibacterial activity (almost equal to that of commercial antibiotic gentamicin). Edible films obtained from by incorporation of natural oils and fats into chitosan can help produce an environmentally friendly packaging material that is low cost and easily manufactured. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe False flax (Camelina Sativa) seed oil as suitable ingredient for the enhancement of physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan films(Elsevier, 2018) Gürsoy, Mehtap; Sargın, İdris; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Akyüz, Bahar; İlk, Sedef; Akyüz, Lalehan; Kaya, Murat; Çakmak, Yavuz S.; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Erdem, NuranTo overcome the drawbacks of synthetic films in food packaging industry, researchers are turned to natural bio-based edible films enriched with various plant additives. In current study chitosan blend films were produced by incorporating Camelina sativa seed oil at varying concentrations to chitosan matrix. The chitosan blend films were characterized both physicochemically (structural, morphological, thermal, optical and mechanical) and biologically (antimicrobial and antioxidant activity). The incorporation of C sativa seed oil notably enhanced thermal stability, antioxidative, anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activity. Except elongation at break, other mechanical properties of the blend films were not affected by incorporation of C sativa seed oil. The surface morphology of blend films was recorded as slightly rough, non-porous and fibre-free surface. As it was expected the optical transmittance in visible region was gradually decreased with increasing fraction of seed oil. Interestingly the hydrophilicity of the blend films revealed a swift increase which can be explained by the formation of micelle between glycerol and Tween 40 in blend films. This study provides valuable information for C sativa seed oil to be used as a blending ingredient in chitosan film technology. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Incorporation of sporopollenin enhances acid-base durability, hydrophobicity, and mechanical, antifungal and antioxidant properties of chitosan films(Elsevier, 2017) Kaya, Murat; Akyüz, Lalehan; Sargın, İdris; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Çakmak, Yavuz S.; Koç, Behlül; Baran, Talat; Çeter, TalipSporopollenin-chitosan blend films were produced for the first time. Sporopollenin is a robust structural component of plant pollens exhibiting excellent features such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, high thermal stability, durability to strong acid and base solutions and homogeneity in size. To benefit from these advantages, sporopollenin samples obtained from Betula pendula (silver birch) were incorporated into chitosan film at different concentration; 10, 20 and 40 mg in 100 mL chitosan gel (1%). Stereo microscopy, FT-IR and TG/DTG analyses showed that sporopollenin was successfully incorporated into the chitosan matrix. Incorporation of sporopollenin in gradually increasing amount into chitosan films was found advantageous in (1) enhancement in chemical durability of the films, (2) increment of hydrophobicity, (3) boosting the mechanical properties, (4) improvement of antifungal and (5) antioxidant activities. This study revealed that sporopollenin can be suggested as an effective blend material for biodegradable edible chitosan film production. (C) 2016 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Physicochemical and in vitro cytotoxic properties of chitosan from mushroom species (Boletus bovinus and Laccaria laccata)(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Oberemko, Alona; Salaberria, Asier M.; Saule, Rita; Saulis, Gintautas; Kaya, Murat; Labidi, JalelChitosan samples from two mushroom species (Boletus bovinus, Laccaria laccata) were obtained and characterized by viscosimetry, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), elemental analyses (EA), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. Properties of the fungal chitosan samples were compared to commercial low-molecular weight chitosan, crustacean chitosan (Cervimunida johni) and chitosan obtained from an insect (Hilobius abietis). Additionally, the cytotoxic properties of chitosan in vitro on cancerous hepatoma and non-cancerous ovary cells cultivated on films with different chitosan concentrations was evaluated. As a conclusion, this study clearly revealed that low-molecular weight chitosan films and solutions with high degree of deacetylation can act cytotoxically on both tumor MH-22A and normal CHO cells in vitro. Consequently, this work may be useful for further investigations of natural anticancer products in medical areas.Öğe Production and characterization of chitosan based edible films from Berberis crataegina's fruit extract and seed oil(Elsevier, 2018) Kaya, Murat; Ravikumar, Preethi; İlk, Sedef; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Akyüz, Lalehan; Labidi, Jalel; Salaberria, Asier M.; Çakmak, Yavuz S.; Erkul, Seher KaramanChitosan-based edible films were prepared by supplementing Berberis crataegina DC.'s seed oil and fruit extract into chitosan matrix. The produced films have characterized both physiochemically (SEM, DSC, FT-IR, UV-vis, contact angle and mechanical analysis) and biologically (anti-quorum sensing, antimicrobial and antioxidant). Chitosan-fruit extract film revealed higher thermal stability, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activity compared to other films. Addition of B. crataegina's seed oil and fruit extract into the chitosan film notably decreased the UV-vis transmittance but ameliorate the tensile strength values. Hydrophobicity of the chitosan-seed oil film was observed to be higher (92.64 +/- 4.17) than chitosan-control film (84.67 +/- 1.50) while chitosan-fruit extract film exhibited slightly lower hydrophobicity (73.82 +/- 7.42) than chitosan film. The overall high thermal stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chitosan-fruit extract film revealed that B. crataegina's fruit extract can be used as an effective ingredient for the production of the edible film with enhanced physicochemical and biological properties.Öğe Production and characterization of chitosan-fungal extract films(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Koç, Behlül; Akyüz, Lalehan; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Sargın, İdris; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; İlk, Sedef; Çekiç, Fazilet Özlem; Akata, Ilgaz; Kaya, MuratA fungal extract obtained from an edible species (Tricholoma terreum) was used to produce chitosan-based films. Fungal extracts were analyzed using HPLC and chitosan-based films were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, DSC and TGA analysis. High phenolic content was found in the fungal extracts using HPLC. FT-IR results showed that fungal extracts were successfully added into the chitosan films. The addition of fungal extract increased elasticity, hydrophobicity and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the chitosan films. Additionally, anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activities of chitosan-fungal extract films were found to be much higher than gentamicin (a commonly used antibiotic). However, incorporation of extracts into chitosan films decreased transparency and thermal stability. All these results suggested that chitosan-fungal extract films might be beneficially used to improve food packaging technology.Öğe Supplementing capsaicin with chitosan-based films enhanced the anti-quorum sensing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, transparency, elasticity and hydrophobicity(Elsevier, 2018) Akyüz, Lalehan; Kaya, Murat; Mujtaba, Muhammad; İlk, Sedef; Sargın, İdris; Salaberria, Asier M.; Labidi, Jalel; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim.; İşlek, CemilIn the current study, capsaicin, a plant alkaloid with high antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anticancer and analgesic properties, was used in the film technology for the first time. In the same regard, chitosan (as a versatile animal-based polymer) was blended with capsaicin at three different concentrations to obtain edible films. The produced films were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and DSC. Mechanical, transmittance, hydrophobicity, anti-quorum sensing, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties were also examined. Incorporation of 0.6 mg of capsaicin into the chitosan matrix (200 mg dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution) was observed as an optimal concentration for boosting up three film properties including mechanical, optical and surface morphology. A continuous improvement was recorded in anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activities, antioxidative and hydrophobicity with increasing concentration of capsaicin in the film. In further studies, chitosan-capsaicin blend films can be used as a food packaging material as well dermal and wound healing patches. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
