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Öğe Effects of slaughter methods on physical, biochemical and microbiological quality of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and mirror carp Cyprinus carpio filleted in pre-, in- or post-rigor periods(Springer Tokyo, 2008) Duran, Ayhan; Erdemli, Ümit; Karakaya, Mustafa; Yılmaz, Mustafa T.Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and mirror carp Cyprinus carpio were slaughtered by either percussion or asphyxiation. For determination of the physical (texture value) and biochemical quality attributes [pH, lactic acid, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and malondialdehyde (MDA) values] of trout and carp, the fish were filleted immediately (within 2 h), 12 h after harvest (pre-rigor), 24 and 36 h after harvest (in-rigor), and finally 48 and 60 h after harvest (post-rigor). For microbiological quality attribute (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria count) analyses, the fish were filleted immediately (within 2 h) after harvest (pre-rigor), 24 h after harvest (in-rigor) and 48 and 72 h after harvest (post-rigor). By percussion slaughtering followed by pre-rigor filleting, it was possible to process rainbow trout and mirror carp without inflicting excessive handling stress. Percussion slaughter delayed onset of rigor and the percussion-slaughtered fish exhibited a long pre-rigor period (similar to 24 h), giving plenty time for pre-rigor processing. Percussion slaughtering and pre-rigor filleting of fish was considered to be superior to the traditional asphyxiation slaughtering with respect to texture, TVB-N and MDA attributes.Öğe Effects of sous vide cooking on physicochemical, structural, and microbiological characteristics of cuttlefish, octopus, and squid(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Erdem, Nuran; Karakaya, Mustafa; Babaoğlu, Ali Samet; Ünal, KübraThis study investigated the physicochemical (pH, moisture, protein, fat, ash, TBA), color (L*, a*, b*), and textural properties (TPA and extended craft knife), mineral content, fatty acid composition, and microbiological properties of raw and sous vide (SV) cooked cuttlefish (at 95°C for 13 min), octopus (at 95°C for 30 min), and squid (at 95°C for 10 min). The pH, protein, and L* values of these samples increased with the cooking. No significant alterations in lipid oxidation were determined in the samples. A gradual decrease in fatty acid with SV cooking was observed. Sulfur was found as the major mineral content in these cephalopods, followed by potassium, sodium, and phosphorus. Thermal treatment influenced the textural properties of the SV cooked samples, in which hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience lower than raw samples was observed. The firmness values of the samples also decreased with the SV cooking. The treatment had significant positive effects on the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total coliform, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus counts. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (<2 log cfu/g) was not found in the raw and cooked samples. As a result, SV was found to be an effective cooking method for preparing cuttlefish, octopus, and squid.Öğe Geleneksel Nevzine tatlısı üretimi(TURJAF, 2020) Erdem, Nuran; Poçan, Hatice Berna; Babaoğlu, Ali Samet; Karakaya, MustafaUzun yılların deneyimiyle ortaya çıkan özel ürünler olan geleneksel gıdalar, bir bölgenin kültürünü, kimliğini, karakteristiğini ve mirasını yansıtmakla birlikte kırsal bölgelerden göçü önleyerek o bölgelerin gelişimi ve devamlılığına da yardımcı olmaktadır. Toplumların kültürel zenginliğini ortaya koyması açısından sosyal yaşamda geleneksel gıdaların yeri oldukça önemlidir. Geleneksel gıdalar yaşanılan bölgedeki insanların beslenmesinde önemli yer tutmakta ve o bölgeye özgü damak tadını oluşturmaktadır. Kültürel zenginliklerden biri de geleneksel tatlılar olup, Anadolu’nun çeşitli bölgelerinde üretilip tüketilmektedir. Geçmişten günümüze yüzyıllardır üretilen tatlılar kültürümüzde hep önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Geleneksel tatlılar, içine ilave edilen malzeme ve üretim teknolojisi bakımından gerek sütlü gerekse şerbetli tatlı olarak oldukça zengin bir çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Yüzyıllardır üretilmekte olan Nevzine Tatlısı Kayseri iline özgü tahin, pekmez ve ceviz kullanılarak hazırlanan geleneksel bir şerbetli tatlı çeşididir. Şerbetinde şeker ve üzüm pekmezinin birlikte kullanılması, bu tatlıyı diğer şuruplu tatlılardan ayıran bir özelliktir. Nevzine Tatlısı, dini bayramlarda mutlaka ikram edilir ve verdiği enerji oldukça yüksektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yörede yaşayanlarla yapılan görüşmelere ve araştırmalara dayanılarak, Kayseri’nin geleneksel Nevzine Tatlısı, bileşenleri, hazırlanışı ve pişirilmesi ile ilgili bilgi vermektir.Öğe The effect of transglutaminase on some quality properties of beef, chicken, and turkey meatballs(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Erdem, Nuran; Babaoğlu, Ali Samet; Poçan, Hatice Berna; Karakaya, MustafaThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of transglutaminase at 0.0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% on the quality of beef, chicken, and turkey meatballs. Cooking loss, color (L*, a*, and b* values), texture profile (TPA), microstructure (Scanning Electron Microscope), and sensory analysis were performed. Addition of transglutaminase enzyme did not affect the color parameters of meatball samples (p >.05). Transglutaminase decreased the cooking loss of meatball samples (p <.05). It was determined that samples containing transglutaminase had firmer and more regular gel structures. Springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience were improved by transglutaminase addition in meatball samples. Panelists gave higher scores to meatball samples including transglutaminase in sensory analysis. Practical applications: Texture is one of the most important quality parameters for meat and meat products. Cooking loss is another quality parameter and lower cooking loss is desired in meat and meat products. Transglutaminase addition reduced the cooking loss and improved the textural properties of meatballs prepared with beef, chicken, and turkey minced meats. Therefore, better quality meatballs were produced in this study. This approach could be feasible in meatball production in meat industry.
