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Protective effects of quercetin against vincristine-ınduced nephrotoxicity via modulation of oxidative stress, ınflammation, and apoptosis in rats
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Kandemir, Özge; Küçükler, Sefa; Özdemir, Selçuk; Dalkılıç, Elif; Sağ, Sevda; Çağlayan, Cüneyt; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet
Vincristine is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in pediatric leukemias and solid tumors, but the use of this chemotherapeutic agent is associated with many organ damages, especially nephrotoxicity. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Vincristine was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight, and quercetin was orally administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight. Both treatments were applied to the rats on days 1–6 and 9–14. Renal function was assessed via serum urea and creatinine levels. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were evaluated by measuring GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, and MDA. The mRNA levels of apoptotic markers such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, Jnk and Beclin-1 and inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and PGE-2 were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The HO-1, Nrf2, PGC-1α and SIRT1, NFκB and STAT3 protein levels were determined by ELISA. In addition, the protein levels of PI3K and AKT in survival pathways were analyzed using the Western blot method. The results showed that vincristine significantly impaired renal function by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Quercetin protected renal function by enhancing antioxidant defense, reducing inflammatory signals and reversing apoptosis. The findings reveal that quercetin exhibits protective effects against vincristine-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
Evaluation of calcium and non-phytate phosphorus deficient diets: effects on growth performance, carcase yield, tibia characteristics and jejunum histomorphology at 42 days of age in broilers
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Cufadar, Yusuf; Olgun, Osman; Gökmen, Seyit A.; Gül, Esra T.; Sevim, Behlül
The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of dietary calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) levels that were progressively reduced in feed on performance, carcase, tibia traits and jejunum crypt depth and villus height in broilers. 2. For the purposes of this study, 480, one-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, with eight replicates per group and 15 birds per replicate. The starter period consisted of two different diets; the control diet contained 0.96% Ca and 0.48% non-phytase phosphorus (nPP) and the L-nPP diet contained 0.90% Ca and 0.45% nPP. The grower and finisher periods consisted of four different diets, namely control, L-nPP1, L-nPP2 and L-nPP3. The Ca contents of the control, L-nPP1, L-nPP2 and L-nPP3 diets during the grower period were 0.87%, 0.83%, 0.79%, 0.75% and the nPP contents were 0.44%, 0.42%, 0.40%, 0.38%, respectively. In the finisher period, the Ca contents of the control, L-nPP1, L-nPP2 and L-nPP3 diets were 0.78%, 0.71%, 0.60%, 0.50% and the nPP contents were 0.39%, 0.35%, 0.30%, 0.30%, respectively. 3. Dietary treatments had no effect on body weight or body weight gain; however, a decrease was observed in the L-nPP2 and L-nPP3 diet groups compared to the control group over the 11–24 d period. 4. No significant differences were observed in terms of tibial diameter, wall thickness or cross-sectional area. However, tibial ash and shear force were significantly lower in all groups with reduced Ca and nPP levels compared to the control group. The group fed the L-nPP3 diet exhibited a significantly higher crypt depth in comparison to the control and L-nPP1 groups, which was accompanied by a lower ratio of villus height to crypt depth. 5. Wheat and maize-based broiler diets can be fed with 23% reduced Ca and nPP levels of recommended values without adversely affecting growth performance but may compromise skeletal health and intestinal histomorphology of broilers.
Zingerone ameliorates sodium arsenite-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2 /GCLM\GCLC signaling pathways
(Elsevier GmbH, 2025) Kandemir, Özge; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet; Akaras, Nurhan; Küçükler, Sefa; Gür, Cihan; İleritürk, Mustafa; Şimşek, Hasan; Gül, Murat
Arsenic toxicity is a serious threat to human health, transmitted through many factors in the environment, especially water and contaminated food. Epidemiologic studies have reported that arsenite increases mortality and morbidity by causing cardiac damage, but the mechanism of action on cardiotoxicity remains to be elucidated. Zingerone (ZNG) obtained from ginger root is a monomer with pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. This study was conducted to investigate the protective potential of zingerone against sodium arsenite-induced cardiac damage in rats. Sodium arsenite (SA) (10 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 14 days to induce cardiotoxicity, while zingerone (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered for treatment. Then, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by molecular and biochemical methods. It was also supported by histological and immunohistochemical stainings. According to the results, ZNG treatment significantly reduced SA-induced altered cardiac functions. Compared with the SA group, rats co-treated with SA and ZNG showed a significant decrease in oxidant markers and an increase in antioxidant levels. Additionally, ZNG treatment regulated the expression of NRF2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLM, and GCLC genes related to oxidative stress. Moreover, treatment with ZNG significantly inhibited arsenite-induced apoptosis (p53, Apaf-1, Bax, Bcl-2, Casp-3, Casp-6, Casp-9) while reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators including NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and iNOS in cardiac tissue. Finally, co-administration of ZNG with SA reduced SA-induced cardiac histopathological changes in rats. The results of this study suggest that ZNG may provide an alternative for clinical inflammation control through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. © 2025 Elsevier GmbH
Teoride hazırlanan rasyonların pratik uygulamadaki varyasyonlarının altı sigma metodolojisi ile araştırılması; 2-tmr rasyonlarında kullanılan yem hammaddelerindeki besin madde değişkenliklerin bir süt sığırı çiftliği örneğinde incelenmesi
(Aykut Özdarendeli, 2019) Sırakaya, Selim; Küçük, Osman
Bu araştırma, yaklaşık 1.500 sağmal kapasiteye sahip büyük ölçekli bir süt sığırı çiftliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, yem hammaddelerindeki besinmadde değişkenlikleri ve bu değişkenliklerin örnek bir toplam karışım rasyonunda (TMR) besin madde hesaplamalarındaki olası etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, TMR’lerde kullanılan 14 farklı yem hammaddesinin(arpa-ayçiçeği tohumu küspesi-buğday kepeği-çayır otu-çiğit-fiğ hububat otu-fiğ hububat otu silajı-malt posasıdane mısır-mısır silajı-pamuk tohumu küspesi-soya fasulyesi küspesi-yonca-yonca silajı) besin madde yönünden kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yem hammaddelerinden, farklı zamanlarda ve sayılarda(toplam 302 adet) olmak üzere, kuru madde (KM), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK), asit deterjan lignin (ADL), asit deterjan fiber (ADF), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF), asit deterjan ve nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen protein (ADICP, NDICP) analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler altı sigma yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; deneme süresince (6 ay) her bir hammaddenin kendi içerisinde, besin madde değerleri bakımından önemli seviyelerde değişkenlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu değişimlere bağlı olarak, TMR’lerinbesin madde hesaplamalarının önemli derecede etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle rasyonlarda kullanılan hammaddeler, belirli aralıklarla analiz edilmeli, hammaddeler besin madde değerlerine göre işletmeye alınmalı ve TMR çözümlemeleri yapılırken olası besin madde varyasyonları dikkate alınmalıdır.
Investigation of the Effects of Rutin on Sodium Valproate-Induced Lung Damage in Rats
(Afyon Kocatepe Üniv. Veteriner Fakültesi, 2024) Kandemir, Özge; Gür, Cihan
Sodium valproate (SVP) is a drug widely used in epilepsy, migraine, and bipolar disorders. In addition to its therapeutic properties, it has toxic effects on many organs in high doses and prolonged intake. Rutin flavonoid derivative is a natural antioxidant and has been successfully used in many toxications. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of rutin on SVP-induced lung injury. In the study, 35 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups as control, routine, SVP, SVP+Rutin 50 and SVP+Rutin 100 and oral administration was continued for 14 days. At the end of the study, lung tissue was obtained and oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, Nrf-2, HO-1), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ATF-6, PERK), inflammation (NF-ĸB, TNF-α), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3) and autophagy (Beclin-1) parameters were analyzed. The data obtained showed that SVP weakened the defense system by decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased cell damage. It was determined that SVP and rutin 50 and rutin 100 doses strengthened the antioxidant defense system, suppressed lipid peroxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy, and were effective in protecting the cell from damage. As a result, it was determined that rutin use was beneficial against SVP-induced lung injury.
Investigation of the Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid Administration at Different Doses on Behavioral Disorders in Rats
(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Şimşek, Hasan; Kandemir, Özge; Akaras, Nurhan
Aspirin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs worldwide. Neurodegenerative diseases adversely affect the central nervous system, leading to cognitive decline. Aspirin has different pharmacological activities at different doses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the active ingredient of aspirin, administered at different doses on the parameters that play a role in cognitive function using molecular and histological methods and behavioral tests. For this purpose, 28 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Control, ASA-low dose (1mg/kg), ASA-moderate dose (10mg/kg) and ASA-high dose (100mg/kg). ASA was intragastrically administered as a single dose, and an open field test was performed 3 hours later. Subsequently, hippocampus tissues were obtained, and the hippocampus tissue structure was analyzed by analyzing the parameters involved in antioxidant capacity, inflammation, apoptosis, and memory. ASA, especially at moderate doses, increased antioxidant capacity and partially reduced inflammation and apoptotic damage. At high doses, the opposite effect was observed, and the damage levels. Similar effects were detected by histological examination. Although there were no structural defects at low or moderate doses, structural defects were observed at high doses. Although there was no difference in the open field test findings between the groups, the time spent in the center, distance traveled, and speed was slightly higher in the ASA moderate-dose group. In conclusion, ASA may contribute to the improvement of cognitive function at low and moderate doses. However, high doses may cause cognitive impairment.
Carvacrol Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Cardiotoxicity By Regulating Notch/Hes1 Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death In Rat Cardiac Tissue
(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Akaras, Nurhan; Kandemir, Özge; Şimşek, Hasan
Cisplatin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents used mainly in the treatment of solid tumors. High doses and long-term use of Cisplatin are known to cause cardiotoxicity. In recent years, the antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of Carvacrol in cardiovascular diseases have attracted attention. In this study, the effects of Carvacrol on Cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model were investigated using biochemical and histological methods. Twenty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: 1. Control group, 2. Carvacrol group, 3. Cisplatin group, 4. Cisplatin + Carvacrol group. The expression of antioxidant enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and autophagic proteins was examined in heart tissue obtained from rats sacrificed after the last drug administration. Additionally, heart tissue was evaluated histopathologically. Cisplatin has been observed to cause oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in animal heart tissue. Carvacrol administration significantly increased antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities while suppressing inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β). Additionally, Cisplatin induced apoptotic (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) and autophagic (Beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B) markers. It has been determined that carvacrol can protect heart tissues from the destructive effects of cisplatin by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects. The expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1, which were decreased by cisplatin administration, were upregulated after administration of Carvacrol. H&E staining results showed that Carvacrol preserved myocardial tissue integrity. In conclusion, Carvacrol showed a cardioprotective effect against cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Carvacrol Coadministration Ameliorates Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats: Behavioral and Molecular Evidence
(Wiley, 2025) Kandemir, Özge; İleriturk, Mustafa; Gür, Cihan; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Yılmaz, Selçuk; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet
This study aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CRV) against Lambda-cyhalothrin (CYH)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups: Control, CRV, CYH, CYH+CRV25, and CYH+CRV50. CRV 25 or 50 mg/kg and CYH 6.23 mg/kg were administered orally for 21 days. The effects of these treatments were evaluated by hot plate and rotarod tests, followed by molecular, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses of sciatic nerve tissues. CYH administration significantly impaired both sensory and motor functions. CRV doses (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) administered with CYH significantly improved these impairments (p < 0.001). Additionally, CYH increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidants, while CRV treatment reversed these effects. CRV also suppressed inflammation (p < 0.01), apoptosis (p < 0.001), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (p < 0.001), with the 50 mg/kg dose being more effective. Morphological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that CRV treatment partially repaired CYH-induced nerve damage, with both doses reducing 8-OHdG and beclin-1 immunoreactions. The data revealed that CYH induced inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in sciatic tissue, while CRV exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, reducing the damage and suggesting its potential as a supportive treatment for CYH-induced sciatic damage.
Protective potential of morin in ifosfamide-induced lung toxicity: modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis parameters
(Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2025) Kandemir, Özge; Dalkılınç, Elif; Aktaş, Sinan
In this study, the protective effect of morin against lung toxicity induced by ifosfamide (IFO), a widely used drug in cancer treatment, was investigated. Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Control, Morin (200 mg/kg), IFO and two different Morin doses (IFO + Morin 100 mg/kg and IFO + Morin 200 mg/kg). Rats were given morin 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg for 2 days and on the second day, IFO 500 mg/kg was administered as a single dose. Biochemical and molecular methods analyzed oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis markers. According to the data obtained, IFO increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in lung tissue, while decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels. However, it was observed that morin administration decreased MDA levels and increased GSH levels and GPx, SOD, CAT activities. IFO administration inhibited the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) /heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, while increasing levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax), and cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (Caspase-3). However, Morin decreased NF-κB and iNOS levels and inhibited inflammation by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and prevented apoptosis by decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2. It also caused a decrease in Beclin-1 levels. According to the findings, IFO by affecting various signaling pathways in lung tissue, causing cellular damage, while morin demonstrated protective qualities against this damage.
Multi-stimuli-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose/κ-carrageenan nanogels integrated with magnetic graphene oxide for colon-specific delivery of sunitinib
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Işıklan, Nuran; Aytekin, Harun; Sonkaya, Ömer; Güncüm, Enes
The multi-stimuli-responsive nanohydrogels provide a powerful strategy for enhancing drug utilization, preservation, controlled release, and minimizing systemic toxicity. Herein, we designed and developed a new multi-stimuli-responsive magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) integrated carboxymethyl cellulose/κ-carrageenan (CMC/CG/MGO) nanogels (NGs) for colon-specific delivery of sunitinib (SU). The physicochemical properties of the CMC/CG/MGO NGs were investigated by various analytical techniques of XRD, FTIR, TGA VSM, DLS, BET, and FESEM/TEM. The in-vitro SU release results exhibited that the CMC/CG/MGO NGs have a sustained release behavior with good pH, magnetic field, and near-infrared (NIR) light-dependent properties. The integrated photothermal agent MGO endowed the CMC/CG NGs with efficient photothermal properties, enabling precise SU release control under NIR laser irradiation. The CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs displayed a good photothermal conversion effect (η = 38.5%). Besides, the CMC/CG/MGO NGs were not cytotoxic (cell viability > 73% at 15.6–500 ppm) for the L929 fibroblast and Caco-2 cell lines. The MTT results also revealed that the CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs exhibited enhanced anti-cancer activity compared to free SU under NIR laser irradiation. These results highlight the potential of CMC/CG/MGO/SU NGs as a promising candidate for remotely controlled multi-stimuli-responsive drug delivery.
Evaluation of the effect of red cabbage waste on performance, egg quality, and yolk oxidative stability of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, Behlül; Sırakaya, Selim; İriş, Canan; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This study investigates the effects of red cabbage waste (RCW) as a dietary supplement on the performance, egg quality, and oxidative stability of yolk in laying Japanese quails. Given its rich phenolic content, RCW has been investigated as a natural feed additive to reduce food waste and enhance poultry diets. In a six-week trial, 120 quails were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates and fed diets with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% RCW. Performance parameters, internal and external egg quality, and antioxidant status were measured. RCW supplementation had no significant impact on overall quail performance. Quails fed with 0.5% RCW showed notable improvements in internal egg quality, especially in the albumen index, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness. Additionally, incorporating 0.5% RCW into the diet improved the yolk’s antioxidant activity, as evidenced by reduced MDA levels. However, other egg quality traits, including the antioxidant capacity of the yolk, had deteriorated with concentrations above 0.5%, indicating that a moderate inclusion of 0.5% RCW is the most favourable option. The findings underscore that RCW could be sustainably used to improve egg quality without compromising performance, while managing food waste, presenting a potential circular economy solution. Nevertheless, further research is encouraged to optimize RCW levels and fully understand its benefits in poultry feed.
Magnetite graphene oxide incorporated κ-carrageenan/alginate nanobiocomposite for photothermal therapy and multi-stimuli-responsive sunitinib release
(Editions de Sante, 2025) Sonkaya, Ömer; Güncüm, Enes; Işıklan, Nuran
Photothermal therapy is emerging as a promising approach for cancer treatment due to its minimally invasive nature, reduced systemic toxicity, and potential for targeted therapy. The practical implementation of photothermal therapy necessitates the development of efficient and multifunctional photothermal agents. The aim of this study was to develop magnetic nanobiocomposites with photothermal, pH- NIR-, and magnetic field-responsive properties. Magnetite graphene oxide (GO@Fe3O4) was prepared by depositing Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles onto graphene oxide (GO). The multifaceted nanobiocomposites were synthesized by combining GO@Fe3O4 with polymers of κ-carrageenan/alginate (CR/A) blend loaded with sunitinib (Su), an anticancer drug, using the emulsion method. These CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposites were characterized using different analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, TGA-DSC, VSM, and DLS. Under NIR (808 nm) irradiation, the CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposite showed a satisfactory photothermal effect (η = 19.26 %). In vitro release studies demonstrated controlled, pH-, NIR-, and AMF-responsive release of sunitinib in a range of 20 % and 100 %. The rate of drug release was higher in an intestinal condition (74.04 %) compared to that in an acidic condition (20.34 %) for CR/A@(GO@Fe3O4)3@Su nanobiocomposite. MTT assays revealed that the CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposite exhibited an improved effect when combined with photothermal therapy and chemotherapy at 0.03125 and 0.0625 mg/mL, resulting in excellent cytotoxicity (cell viability of 10.78 % and 10.57 %) towards cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that the formulated multi-responsive CR/A@GO@Fe3O4@Su nanobiocomposites could be a promising candidate for photothermal therapy in cancer treatment.
Evaluation of Psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) Husk Powder as a Stabilizer in Coconut Milk-Based Probiotic Yogurt Production
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Gülhan, Ayca; Çoklar, Hacer; Akbulut, Mehmet
Plantago ovata L., also known as psyllium, is a plant native to the Mediterranean that is commercially cultivated and utilized for its polysaccharides, which have an arabinoxylan structure. Psyllium seeds possess various functional characteristics due to strong hydrophilic and gelling properties, as well as stabilizing and emulsifying capabilities. This study evaluated the use of psyllium (P. ovata L.) husk powder (PHP) as a stabilizer in the production of probiotic plant-based yogurt from coconut milk. The physicochemical, microbiological, textural, rheological, microstructural, and sensory properties of yogurt samples produced by adding different amounts of PHP (control, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) during the storage period were analyzed. The produced plant-based yogurts contained 72.80%–76.03% moisture, 18.30%–18.89% fat, 1.81%–2.03% protein, and 0.41%–0.44% ash. As the proportion of PHP and storage time increased, pH, and syneresis generally decreased and titratable acidity increased. The sample containing 0.5% PHP exhibited the highest microbiological counts. The addition of PHP to samples decreased L*, b*, C*, and h values and increased a* values. As the proportion of PHP increased, a significant increase in particle size parameters was detected. A more stable, homogeneous, and dense gel structure appeared in products with 0.25% PHP addition. The addition of PHP decreased hardness and adhesiveness while increasing cohesiveness. All samples exhibited a weak viscoelastic gel property (G′>G″). As the proportion of added PHP increased, the storage modulus decreased. Samples containing 0.25% PHP were rated higher in terms of sensory attributes, including taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses were employed to categorize the yogurts, revealing that the control sample exhibited distinct characteristics compared to the psyllium-added yogurts in terms of the aforementioned properties. The results show that, when added in the right amounts, PHP can stabilize the production of probiotic yogurt-like products from coconut milk.
Effects of almond hulls on the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal protein degradation of lucerne silage
(CSIRO Publishing , 2025) Sırakaya, Selim; Büyükkılıç Beyzi, Selma
Enhancing protein efficiency in the diet or the use of by-products can reduce feed costs and the environmental impact of animal production. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of almond hull (AH) additions to lucerne silage (alfalfa silage) on some chemical parameters and in vitro protein degradability. Methods. The second-cut lucerne was chopped after withering to up to 2 cm length. Chopped feed was ensiled with 100 g kg−1 DM of three varieties (Nonpareil, Ferragnes and Texas) of AHs dried and ground and each treatment was ensiled in vacuum-sealed polyethylene plastic bag for 90 days, as five replications. Key results. As a result, all AH treatments increased the dry matter of lucerne silage. Condensed tannin content in lucerne silage increased with addition of all AH varieties (P < 0.05). Catechin, which was high before ensiling in all AH groups, decreased after ensiling. Gallic acid content increased in all AH-supplemented groups (P < 0.05). In lucerne silage, NH3-N concentration decreased in all AH-supplemented groups, and in vitro ruminal undegradable protein was increased (P < 0.05). In the study, Fourier transform infrared spectra supported the findings, showing that chemical bonds were formed between tannins and proteins. Conclusions. As a result, it was shown that the addition of AH to lucerne silage could reduce ruminal protein degradability. Implications. This study offers strategies for converting AHs into a higher-value product and for enhancing the utilization of lucerne protein.
Nephroprotective effects of hesperidin on ifosfamide-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats: Role of NF-κB/TNF-α/ IL-1β, p53/caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2, and ATF6/IRE1/PERK/GRP78 signaling pathways
(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Kandemir, Özge; Akaras, Nurhan; Şimşek, Hasan; Gür, Cihan; İleritürk, Mustafa; Küçükler, Sefa; Çağlayan, Cüneyt; Kandemir, Fatih Mehmet
This study explored the protective effects of hesperidin (HES) against ifosfamide (IFA)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical techniques. The rats were administered IFA at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, followed by oral HES treatment at doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. The results demonstrated that HES significantly reduced IFA-induced increases in urea and creatinine levels, indicating improved kidney function. HES was shown to mitigate IFA-induced lipid peroxidation, likely due to its antioxidant properties, and to enhance the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as elevate glutathione (GSH) levels. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses further revealed that HES exhibited anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress effects, suppressing the elevated levels of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Caspase-3, 6, 9, Bax, Apaf1, p53, serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), and protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), CHOP and alleviating level of Bcl-2 in IFA-exposed kidney tissue. Additionally, the immunohistochemical staining results for TIM-1 in rat kidney tissues showed minimal expression in the control and HES groups. However, the IFA-treated group exhibited a significant increase in TIM-1 expression. Co-administration of IFA with HES at 200 or 300 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in TIM-1 expression. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HES efficiently alleviated kidney toxicity induced by IFA.
Use of ice teas formulated with black teas prepared with different infusion methods and grape juice in the production of water kefir beverages
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gülhan, Ayca
In this research, ice teas formulated with black teas prepared with cold and hot infusion methods and grape juice were subjected to fermentation with water kefir grains. The fermentation process lasted 48 h at 25 °C, followed by a 14-day storage period at 4 °C. As a result of fermentation with water kefir grains, a decrease in pH and total soluble solid content of ice teas and an increase in titratable acidity were detected. At the end of fermentation, the CO2 amount was determined to be 1.86 g/100 mL in teas prepared with a cold infusion and 2.23 g/100 mL in teas prepared with a hot infusion. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ice teas prepared with the hot infusion method gave higher values. The duration of storage led to a decrease in the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content for both formulations. While the glucose, fructose, and sucrose values of teas prepared with the cold infusion method were 4.109%, 4.804%, and 2.312% at the end of fermentation, these values were found to be 4.649%, 5.528%, and 1.273% in the teas prepared with the hot infusion method. The analysis of the phenolic components showed that the main phenolic components were gallic acid, quercetin, epicatechin, and rosmarinic acid. It was found that the number of Lactobacillus spp. was 7.55 to 8.14, the number of Lactococcus spp. was 6.80 to 7.36, the total number of mesophilic and aerobic bacteria was 7.57 to 8.27, and the yeast count was 5.22 to 5.90 in ice teas made with different infusion methods and while they were stored. As a result of sensory analysis with produced water kefir beverages, panelists showed a significant preference for the hot infusion formulation. As a result, the produced ice tea formulations could be used as a fermentation medium by the microorganisms in water kefir grains, and ice teas with functional properties were produced.
Investigation of the Effects of Rutin in Spraque Dawley Rats with Biochemical Parameters in Colistin-Induced Lung Injury
(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Kandemir, Özge; Küçükler, Sefa
olistin (COL), frequently used for Gram-negative bacteria, may cause pulmonary toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Flavanoid-type antioxidants have started to be used frequently against toxicity caused by different chemical agents. Rutin (RUT) is one of the flavanoid-type antioxidants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RUT in rats with COL-induced lung injury using biochemical parameters. In the experiment, 35 Spraqe Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=7): Control, RUT, COL, COL+RUT50, and COL+RUT100. It was determined that COL increased lung tissue MDA values, decreased SOD, CAT, GPx activities, and GSH values, and triggered oxidative stress. COL administration increased NF-kB, TNF-?, IL-1?, MPO, and COX-2 levels, decreased mTOR levels, increased Beclin-1 levels and accelerated autophagy, increased Caspase-3 activity, and induced apoptosis. It was determined that RUT administration suppressed oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis by reversely regulating all these markers and reducing cell damage. The findings showed that the RUT application would be useful in COL-induced lung injury.
Evaluation of some physicochemical, nutritional, and microbiological properties and sensory profiles of green tea and almond milk kombucha beverages
(Springer, 2024) Gülhan, Ayça
Almond milk is one of the popular plant-based milks due to its nutritional properties and health benefits. Recently, using alternative raw materials instead of Camellia sinensis tea has attracted more attention in order to increase kombucha’s health benefits and improve sensory properties. This study aimed to obtain a beverage with enhanced functional properties by fermenting almond milk with kombucha as a new substrate source, providing an alternative to kombucha derived from green tea. In this context, we prepared kombucha beverages using green tea (KT) and almond milk (AMK) and analyzed specific dynamic parameters at different fermentation times (up to 14 days) to evaluate the effects of substrate sources. According to the results, as fermentation progressed, the pH and total soluble solids decreased and titratable acidity increased in both kombucha beverages. On the 14th-day samples, AMK exhibited the highest values in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity (96.90%), CUPRAC (1.28 mmol Trolox/g), and total phenolic content (611.66 mg GAE/L). In AMK, the highest counts were reached on the 14th day of fermentation for acetic acid bacteria (7.99 log CFU/mL) and yeast (7.23 log CFU/mL), while the highest lactic acid bacteria value was determined on the 7th day of fermentation in AMK (7.44 log CFU/mL). On the 7th and 14th days of fermentation, acetic, gluconic, glucuronic, lactic and citric acids were detected at the highest levels in the AMK sample. Kombucha beverages showed suitable ethanol levels (0.35–0.74 g/L). The findings show that almond milk can be used as an alternative raw material in the development of kombuchas with higher bioactive potential and contribute to optimizing the fermentation process.
Kitosan ve organik asitli çözeltilerinin mısır silajı kalitesine etkileri
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2024) Sırakaya, Selim
Silaj grubu yemlerin, belirli kalite standartlarında muhafaza edilmeleri noktasında, bazen katkı maddesi kullanımı önemlidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, non-toksik, antimikrobiyal, antifungal ve biyobozunur özeliklere sahip kitosan ve kitosanın asetik ve laktik asitle hazırlanan jelatinize çözeltilerinin, mısır silajında katkı olarak kullanım potansiyelinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kitosan ve organik asitli çözeltileri, mısır silajına iki farklı biçimde uygulanmıştır. Mısır silajına, %0,5 - %1,0 ve %2,0 oranlarında kitosan karıştırılmış ayrıca %2’lik asetik ve laktik asit çözeltilerine, %0,0 - %1,0 ve %2.0 kitosan ilave edilerek hazırlanan jelatinize karışımlar, %10 oranında mısır silajına püskürtülmüştür. Kitosanlı gruplarda, ham protein (HP), toplam sindirilebilir besinler (TSB) ve enerji değerleri (ME, NEL, NEM, NEG), diğer gruplara oranla yüksek bulunmuştur. NDF ve ADF’de çözünmeyen kalıntıların HP değerleri (NDICP, ADICP), %2,0 kitosanlı grupta daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Nispi yem değeri (NYD), kitosanlı gruplarda yüksek bulunmuştur. Besin maddeleri tüm gruplar arasında değişkenlik göstermiş, fakat değişkenliklerin gruplar arasındaki kolerasyonu uyumlu bulunmamıştır. Amonyak azotu (NH3-N) en fazla %2,0 kitosan grubunda görülmüştür. Bütirik asit sadece kitosanlı gruplarda tespit edilmiştir. Laktik, asetik ve propiyonik asit miktarları gruplar arasında farklılık göstermiş fakat bu farklılıklar katkı uygulama oranları nispetinde olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Küf sadece kontrol grubunda tespit edilmiş, uygulama gruplarında ise görülmemiştir. Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB) uygulama gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla daha az bulunmuş ve en az %2,0 kitosan grubunda görülmüştür. Enterobakteri grubu mikroorganizmalar uygulama gruplarında tespit edilmemiştir. Maya en fazla kitosanlı gruplarda görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kitosan ve kitosanlı çözeltiler, bazı parametrelerde olumlu değişimlere sebep olsa da genel olarak fermantatif ve mikrobiyoljik kalite bakımından istenilen düzeyde iyileştirme sağlamamıştır.
The investigation of the fermentative, chemical and microbial Eefects of grape and tangerine pomace added to high moisture alfalfa silage
(Sezer ÖZ, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Ünal, Yüce; Yavuz, Musa; Sırakaya, Selim; Sevim, Behlül; Ayaşan, Tugay
This study investigated the impact of grape pulp (GRP) and tangerine pulp (TNP) supplementation (10% each) on alfalfa silage quality. The control silage received no additives. After a two-month fermentation period, silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, fermentation quality, microflora, and organic acids. According to our results, both silage additives effectively lowered pH levels and isobutyric acid, while increased Fleig score and lactic acid levels compared to control group. However, GRP supplementation significantly increased the levels of crude protein (CP), yeast-mold colony count, and butyric acid levels. Conversely, TNP supplementation resulted in higher levels of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), valeric acid and lower acetic acid levels in the alfalfa silage samples. In conclusion, both GRP and TNP supplements have distinct effects on the chemical composition, silage quality, microflora, and organic acid profiles of alfalfa silage. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing alfalfa silage production and its utilization in animal nutrition. Further research could explore optimal inclusion rates and potential synergistic effects with other additives to enhance silage quality.

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