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15-15-15 gübresinin kitosan ile kaplanması ve elde edilen toz malzemelerin karakterizasyonu
(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2021) Ayık, Bektaş; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Kaya, Murat
Gübrelerin polimerler ile kaplanarak daha yavaş ve uzun süre salınımı hem ekonomik hem de çevre kirliliğinin önüne geçilmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Atık kerevit kabuklarından üretilen kitosanın biyolojik orijinli ve çevre dostu olması nedeniyle mevcut çalışmada tercih edilmiş ve 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Kitosan ile 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması için çapraz bağlayıcı olarak glutaraldehit kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı konsantrasyonlarda gübrelerin kaplanması denenmiş ve bu sayede kitosanın 15-15-15 gübresini taşıma kapasitesi belirlenmiştir. Kaplama sonrası üretilen toz örnekler fourier dönüşümlü kızıl ötesi spektrometresi (FT-IR), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Ardından kaplama yapılan gübrelerin toprakta günlere bağlı olarak bozunma yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, glutaraldehit ile çapraz bağlananmış kitosan–15-15-15 gübre formülasyonunun tarım ve bahçecilik uygulamalarında pratik olarak kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
Desertification vulnerability and risk assessment for Turkey via an analytical hierarchy process model
(John Wiley and Sons Limited, 2020) Türkeş, Murat; Öztaş, Taşkın; Tercan, Erhan; Erpul, Günay; Karagöz, Alptekin; Dengiz, Orhan; Doğan, Orhan; Şahin, Kenan; Avcıoğlu, Burak
Producing a scientific desertification risk map has become one of the national primary tasks in order to effectively combat desertification in Turkey. In this respect, General Directorate of Combating Desertification and Erosion in cooperation with TÜBİTAK BİLGEM, generated the Desertification Model of Turkey (DMT), an original geographical and mathematical country-specific model under the umbrella project called the “Watershed Monitoring and Evaluation System” (HIDS). The DMT is a tool used for estimating land degradation, assessing desertification vulnerability and risk, preparing watershed scale risk maps, and monitoring desertification hot spots of the country. The DMT has been designed to consist of 48 indicators and 37 subindicators under seven main criteria defined by an expertise group and using the analytical hierarchy process. Percentage distribution of desertification risk among watersheds was calculated in nine classes based on the Desertification Risk Map of Turkey and revised in accordance with field surveys carried out in 2016–2017 within the scope of the DMT Verification and Calibration Project. Results for major watersheds of Turkey revealed that at least 15% of lands of all river basins are under moderate–high desertification risk, with the exception of Aras, Western Black Sea, Konya Closed, Marmara, and Meriç–Ergene watersheds. In addition, it was identified that the DMT and the Desertification Risk Map of Turkey present results at an accuracy rate of 84% and with 90% level of confidence at microwatershed scale.
Plant biodiversity governance in Turkey
(Mevlüt AKÇURA, 2017) Karagöz, Alptekin; Sabancı, Cafer Olcayto
Biodiversity is an indispensable source to meet the basic needs of human being, notably food and nutrition. Turkish people traditionally depend on biodiversity and developed many traditions and customs associated with biodiversity. Therefore, its management and conservation is of particular importance for Turkey. Biodiversity is diminishing due to several reasons most of which are human-induced activities. Agricultural areas are shrinking, soil and water resources are rapidly being polluted. In view of the ongoing population growth, it's inevitable to encounter with more serious environmental problems in the near future. The concept of governance is relatively new for Turkey. It is possible to speak of management rather than governance. Due to strong centralisation in issue of conservation and management of biodiversity, state alone played the major role ignoring the participation of stakeholders. Rio conventions can be considered as the starting point for the governance practices. Following the ratification of the Rio conventions, governance concept began to take place and implemented in biodiversity related plans, programs and practices. Despite the implementation of many environmental protection programs in accordance with this understanding, local public segments at large that have traditionally been excluded from governing the sources seem to be sceptical to the new approach. On the other hand non-governmental organizations are playing more active roles today for public awareness activities and participatory resource management. For proper governance of biological sources, support of research activities concerning sustainable use of biodiversity at all levels, together with proper and effective environmental planning are needed.
Agro-morphological variation among an ancient world barley collection
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017) Karagöz, Alptekin; Özbek, Kürşad; Akar, Taner; Ergün, Namuk; Aydoğan, Sinan; Sayım, İsmail
Historically barley has been a very important crop in agriculture system of Turkey as it is now. Barley breeding and collecting activities started at the beginning of 20th century in Turkey. During that time huge amount of material piled up at the seed banks and collections of plant breeding institutions through collecting missions and material exchange. We characterized around 3.500 barley accessions of Eskisehir Transition Zone Agricultural Research Institute. Characterized populations have been obtained from 44 countries (Asia 14, Europe 19, Americas 6, Africa 4 and Australia) of 5 continents and two international agricultural research institutes since 1950’s up to date. We are presenting only the result of 2.517 two row barley accessions with this paper. Results of the study reveal a series of phenotypic similarities and differences between the materials of several countries. Results also show the existence of a significant amount of diversity between the populations which can be used as a source for breeding programs.
Buğday genetik kaynaklarından yerel ve kültür çeşitlerine; Türkiye'de buğday ve ekmek
(T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, 2016) Özberk, Fethiye; Karagöz, Alptekin; Özberk, İrfan; Atlı, Ayhan
Buğday, buğday ürünleri ve ekmek hem geçmişte hem günümüzde Türk insanının en önemli besin kaynaklarından biri olmuştur. Buğday ve ekmeğin beslenme yanında kültürel, sosyal ve tarih değeri çok büyüktür. Buğday taşıdığı büyük değere bağlı olarak saygı duyulan, kutsal sayılan bir üründür. Buğday sadece Türkiye için değil aynı zamanda dünya insanının beslenmesinde de giderek artan bir öneme sahiptir. Dünyada yetiştirilen tahıllar içinde mısır ve çeltikten sonra en fazla üretilen üründür. 28 yabani buğday taksonuna ev sahipliği yapan Türkiye’de yüzlerce yerel çeşit ve 2016 itibarıyla 198 ekmeklik, 61 makarnalık tescilli çeşit bulunmaktadır. Taşıdığı büyük öneme rağmen son zamanlarda buğdayın obezite, diyabet gibi hastalıkları tetikleyen çok zararlı bir ürün olduğu, yapılan ıslah çalışmaları sonucu insanlarca tüketilmemesi gereken bir genetiği değiştirilmiş organizma olduğu şeklinde görüşler bildirilmektedir. Bu derlemede buğday genetik kaynakları, ülkemizde buğday ıslahının tarihçesi, geçmişten günümüzde geliştirilmiş çeşitler, yerel buğday çeşitlerinin geçmişi ve güncel durumu ile buğday aleyhine yapılan propagandalar karşısında gerçekler anlatılmaktadır
Wheat Landraces of Turkey
(UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV, 2014) Karagöz, Alptekin
Turkey falls within Vavilov's Center of origin and harbors large genetic diversity of several economically important crop species. Wild crop relative, such as wild einkorn, wild emmer, wild barley, wild oats, wild rye and their respective domesticated forms, in addition to a multitude of other crop species, have been cultivated for millennia in several parts of Turkey, but especially in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Turkish farmers developed landraces from these crops; however, these landraces and the indigenous knowledge gained over many generations are being lost due to several anthropogenic and other factors. Landraces of wheat and other major and minor crops still play an important role in the livelihood of small scale farmers in Turkey. This paper reviews and contrasts the current status of Turkey's main wheat landraces with their past; and suggests specific strategies for their maintenance.
Mirza (Hacızade) Gökgöl (1897–1981): the great explorer of wheat genetic resources in Turkey
(SPRINGER, 2018) Zencirci, Nusret; Yılmaz, Hande; Garaybayova, Nargiz; Karagöz, Alptekin; Kilian, Benjamin; Özkan, Hakan; Hammer, Karl; Knupffer, Helmut
Mirza (HacA +/- zade) Gokgol (1897-1981) was a leading agro-ecological plant scientist, agronomist and breeder in Turkey. Gokgol carried out extensive breeding programmes extensively selecting from local plant genetic resources from across Turkey from 1925 till the 1950s. He collected and evaluated cultivars, landraces and wild relatives, predominantly of wheat, but also of barley, lentil and other crops in Turkey during 1929-1955. He published books on wheat and other cereals, potatoes, castor bean, sweet clover, poppy, and other crops. He was a hardworking pioneer utilizing wheat genetic resources for crop improvement. Since his ample work has hardly been accessible by the English-speaking scientific community today, we are providing an overview of his major work, mainly on wheat. The books he published can still be found in libraries, although with difficulties. However, his articles, leaflets etc., are hardly accessible. Some of them are: Turkish Wheats, vols. 1 and 2, Plant Breeding through Scientific Methods (1928, translation of a book by E. Baur), The Basics of Wheat Breeding (1954), and Agriculture and Breeding of Cool Season Cereals-Wheat, Rye, Barley, and Oats (1969). In addition to the summary of his books, we reviewed his views and discussions about the centres of origin and diversity, and compared with those of Vavilov.
Emmer (triticum dicoccon) production and market potential in marginal mountainous areas of Turkey
(Mountain Research & Development, 2009) Giuliani, Alessandra; Karagöz, Alptekin; Zencirci, Nusret
Underutilized plant species play a fundamental role in the livelihoods of poor communities living in harsh environments such as mountain areas, although they only have a small share in production and trade. Emmer (Triticum dicoccon) is a typical example of an underutilized species suitable for development in mountain areas; it is important for food security and cultural value and has a very limited market share. This paper investigates the state of the market for emmer in mountainous areas in Turkey, where it is still produced. As is the case for many underutilized species, emmer is disappearing due to low yield compared to modern cereal varieties. Emmer is still grown in Turkey's mountains because of its hardiness and place in local food traditions; however, its competitiveness and persistence may be at risk because of changes in taste and the increased impact of global and regional We examine the role of emmer production on mountain community livelihoods in Turkey and review potential market opportunities that may enhance the competitiveness of this underutilized crop, as happened, for example, in Italy. We surveyed market chain actors in Kastamonu and Sinop provinces in the Black Sea region, where few other crops are profitable because of poor soils. In Sinop province, emmer is less used and not marketed; in Kastamonu province, it is marketed and appreciated in local food traditions. Difficulties in processing, limited marketing, and lack of consumer demand are key factors in the decline of emmer cultivation. Despite emmer's adaptability to poor soils and its low input requirements, lack of market opportunities is a key factor restraining its revival and maintenance. However, there is a new market potential associated with emmer's nutritional and health properties; with growing appreciation by niche consumers, opportunities to maintain this valuable species are emerging.
Taxonomy, morphology and palynology of Aegilops vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chennav. (Poaceae: Triticeae)
(2010) Cabi, Evren; Do?an, Musa; Özler, Hülya; Akaydın, Galip; Karagöz, Alptekin
Aegilops vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chennav., a rare species, was collected from Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. During the field studies of the project "Taxonomic revision of Tribe Triticeae in Turkey", Ae. Vavilovii was accidentally recollected from three localities in g¨anliurfa and Mardin provinces in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The main objective of this study is to shed light on the diagnostic characteristics of this rare species including its morphological, palynological and micro morphological features. Moreover, an emended and expanded description, distribution, phenology and ecology of this rare species are also provided. A. vavilovii and A. crassa are naturally found in the Southeastern part of Turkey and they share similar morphological features that caused a confused taxonomy. Pollen grains of A. vavilovii are heteropolar, monoporate and spheroidal (A/B: 1,13) typically as Poaceous. However, it generally, prefers clayish loam soils that are slightly alkaline (pH 7.7) with low organic content (1.54%). Although it is a rare species with very narrow area of distribution, very few samples have been represented in ex situ collections and the species has not been involved in any in situ conservation activities to save its genetic resources in Turkey.

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