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Öğe Does tourism opportunity or threat to green economıc growth? evidence from the top 10 countries(İrfan YAZICIOĞLU, 2024) Demirtaş, CumaThe aim of the study is to examine the impact of tourism on green economic growth in the top 10 countries in international tourism (USA, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Spain, UK, Italy, Greece, Mexico) using panel data analysis method for the period 2010-2022. In the study, control variables (energy and financial development variables) were used in addition to the tourism variable. This context, four models have been created. According to the findings, an increase in international tourism numbers reduces green growth. The variables of renewable energy and financial institutions are statistically insignificant; but the variables of fossil energy and financial markets have significant effects on green economic growth, with fossil energy having a negative impact and financial markets having a positive impact. It is expected that this study will contribute to the literature by being one of the first studies to examine the impact of work tourism on green economic growth.Öğe Effects of tourism and economic growth on sustainable electricity consumption: Fresh evidence from Türkiye(Anadolu University, 2023) Demirtaş, CumaThis study investigated the impact of tourism and economic growth on electricity consumption in the Turkish economy, which operates under an open system, throughout the time span from 1995 to 2022. The analysis employed the ARDL bounds test method and the wavelet-based Fourier causality test. The empirical evidence demonstrates the presence of a long-term cointegration relationship among economic growth, tourist arrivals, and consumption of electricity. The research findings indicate a positive relationship between economic growth, tourist arrivals, and power consumption. To enhance the robustness of the findings, the series underwent wavelet processing, followed by the application of Fourier causality analysis to these transformed series. Wavelet-based causality analysis reveals that trade openness exerts a significant influence on not only electricity consumption but also on tourism and economic growth. The results additionally indicate that shocks exhibit persistence across all components.Öğe Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Cause Environmental Pollution? Fresh Evidence From Developed Countries(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Arvas, Mehmet Akif; Demirtaş, Cuma; Soyu Yıldırım, Esra; Ilıkkan Özgür, MuniseThe industrial revolution has dramatically altered the environment and ecosystem. So many scholars have empirically attempted to reveal the most influential anthropogenic factors on environmental degradation. For this purpose, this study examines the leading determinants of CO2 emissions in the context of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) for 14 developed countries within the framework of the extended stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) environmental model from 1997–2018. For empirical modeling, CO2 emission is treated as the dependent variable, which is a strong proxy for environmental degradation. In addition to the GDP per capita, population density, and energy intensity (a proxy for technology), the basic model is extended to include variables such as EPU, renewable energy, trade openness, globalization, and information and communications technology (ICT) index. While the estimation results by the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) estimator, which are also supported by robustness analysis, suggest that GDP per capita and energy intensity are the main contributors to emission levels, population density has no significant impact on CO2. Furthermore, while renewable energy (in model 2), trade openness (in model 4), and globalization (in model 6) have negative impacts on CO2 emission, technology (in models 5 and 6) and EPU (in model 6) make marginal contributions to CO2.Öğe Does Inflation Instability Cause Environmental Pollution in Türkiye? Evidence from the Fourier-Wavelet Causality Test(Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Derneği, 2023) Demirtaş, CumaThe Turkish economy has faced many macroeconomic problems in terms of GDP stability, inflation stability, growth rate, and exchange rate. This situation has become even more noticeable in recent times, especially with the negative effects of the Covid 19 epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine war. Thus, inflation in Turkiye has increased and has a more unstable outlook. However, environmental problems have also increased. In light of this information, the aim of the study is to examine the causality relationship between inflation instability and environmental pollution for the period 1990-2021 by considering growth, energy consumption, and financial development as control variables in Turkiye. For this purpose, firstly, the series was subjected to wavelet transform. Afterwards, the transformed series were analyzed with the Fourier TY and Fractional Fourier TY causality tests as short, medium, and long term. Findings from the Fourier causality test show that inflation instability promotes environmental pollution in the short, medium, and long term. According to the Fractional Fourier causality test, which I used to test whether the shocks are permanent, there is persistence from inflation instability to environmental pollution only in the medium term. This study is the first to examine the subject in the case of Türkiye.Öğe Türk kamu ve özel şeker fabrikalarının etkinlik ve verimlilik analizi: Critic ve Eatwios yönteminden kanıtlar(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2023) Ilıkkan Özgür, Munise; Demirtaş, Cuma; Bağcı, Haşim; Soyu Yıldırım, Esra; Ertuğrul, GoncaBu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de şeker fabrikalarının (kamu-özel) 2018-2020 döneminde, etkinlik ve verimliliğini ortaya koymaktır. Şeker sanayisinin üretim etkinlik analizi ve toplam faktör verimlilikleri Critic ve Eatwios yöntemleri ile analiz edilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; 2018, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarının tümünde en önemli girdi değişkeni geçici işçi sayısı iken, en az öneme sahip olan değişken ise 2018 yılında daimi işçi sayısı, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında işlenen pancar miktarıdır. Çıktı değişkenlerine ait Critic skorları yıllar itibariyle farklılık göstermektedir. Buna göre tüm yıllarda posa en önemli çıktı değişkeni iken; 2018’de üretilen şeker miktarı, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında ise melas en az öneme sahip çıktı değişkenleridir. Critic yöntemi ile girdi ve çıktı değişkenlerinin önem düzeylerinin belirlenmesinin ardından Eatwios yöntemiyle firmaların verimlilik düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; tüm yıllarda Ö6 kodlu şeker fabrikası en verimli firma iken, Ereğli şeker fabrikası ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Verimlilik düzeyi en düşük firma ise Erciş şeker fabrikasıdır. Yıllara göre verimlilik düzeyleri değerlendirildiğinde; 2018, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında Ö6 kodlu şeker fabrikası en verimli firma iken, ikinci sırada 2018 ve 2020 yılında Ereğli şeker fabrikası, 2019 yılında ise Ilgın şeker fabrikası yer almaktadır.Öğe Do Oil Prices Have an Effects on Food Prices? Fresh Evidences from Türkiye(Melih Topaloğlu, 2023) Demirtaş, Cuma; Soyu Yıldırım, Esra; Tuğlu, DilekPurpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between oil prices and food prices for January 2003-September 2022 in Türkiye. Design/methodology/approach – Variable associations were examined using the RALS cointegration test. The RALS-ADL cointegration test uses information in non-dispersed errors. Thus, it produces more powerful predictions for non-normal distributions compared to cointegration tests. In addition, this test avoids widespread practices such as predetermining a particular functional form. Findings – The results show that the series have a cointegration connection. The DOLS, FMOLS, and Canonic cointegration approaches produced long-term coefficients in agreement with the discovery of a long-term association. Although the results of the applied tests were comparable, the results of the FMOLS and Canonik tests are substantially more comparable. Given that FMOLS technique is more effective than others and produces outcomes comparable to those of Canonik approach, its results have been interpreted in this situation. As a result, while having a positive sign, the exchange rate variable is not statistically significant. In terms of food prices, oil prices have a negative explanatory power. The CPI variable has a considerable impacts on both the present and future pricing of food. Our findings demonstrate that the price of oil does not always correlate with the price of food, and vice versa. Discussion – There are certain recommendations that can be made to researchers and policymakers based on the findings. Supporting contract farming, which has recently been mentioned, will improve food sufficiency and the balance of food stocks, particularly during times of crisis. On the demand side, the preference for locally produced foods can reduce the over-reliance on food imports, which frequently worsens the country's status with regard to food prices and may lower the dryness. From this vantage point, future research can contrast oil-exporting nations and oil-importing countries in terms of the food price-oil price connection, whereas the current study focuses on the relationships between oil prices and food prices in Türkiye.
