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Improving lead time through lean manufacturing
(Uğur ŞEN, 2024) Taş, Ülge
Lean manufacturing is a well-established methodology aimed at optimizing production by eliminating waste, enabling industries to thrive in a globally competitive environment. This paper presents a case study of a well-known automotive manufacturing industry focusing on the axle process. This article demonstrates how the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) methodology was used in the axle process to reduce lead time by producing quality products with a reduction in non-value-added activities. The current state of the axle process was mapped using industry data from the past six months. Significant improvements were realized following the successful implementation of VSM, including a reduction in the lead time from 89.50 hours to 50.55 hours. The new state map was also created after implementing the improvements. The results illustrated that the VSM increased the effectiveness of the axle process by 56.48%.
A novel risk assessment approach for open-cast coal mines using hybrid MCDM models with interval type-2 fuzzy sets: a case study in Türkiye
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Mutlu, Mert; Çetin, Nazlı Ceren; Önder, Seyhan
Mining is a high-risk industry where occupational accidents are common due to its complex nature. Therefore, providing a more holistic and dynamic risk assessment framework is essential to identify and minimize the potential risks and enhance safety measures. Unfortunately, traditional risk assessment methods have limitations and shortcomings, such as uncertainty, differences in experience backgrounds, and insufficiency to articulate the opinions of experts. In this paper, a novel risk assessment method precisely for such cases in the mining sector is proposed, applied, and compared with traditional methods. The objective of this study is to determine the risk scores of Turkish Coal Enterprises, based on non-fatal occupational accidents, which operates eight large-scale open-cast coal mine enterprises in Türkiye. The causes of the accidents were categorized into 25 sub-criteria under 6 main criteria. The risk scores for these criteria were computed using the Pythagorean fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (PFAHP) method. The first shift (8–16 h) (0.6341) for the shift category is ranked highest out of the 25 sub-risk factors, followed by maintenance personnel (0.5633) for the occupation category; the open-cast mining area (0.5524) for the area category, the 45–57 age range (0.5279) for employee age category, and the mining machine (0.4247) for the reason category, respectively. The methodologies proposed in this study not only identify the most important risk factors in enterprises, but also provide a mechanism for risk-based rankings of enterprises by their calculated risk scores. The enterprises were risk-based ranked with the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) method and Paksoy approach based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs). The findings indicate that the first three risk score rankings of enterprises are the same for both approaches. To examine the consistency of the applied methods, sensitivity analyses were performed. The results of the study also indicate that the proposed approaches are recommended for effective use in the mining sector due to their ease of application compared to other methods and their dynamic nature in the risk assessment process.
Multi-choice conic goal programming model-based network data envelopment analysis
(EDP Sciences, 2024) Deliktaş, Derya; Üstün, Özden; Aktar Demirtaş, Ezgi; Arapoğlu, Rıfat Aykut
In multi-stage processes, classical Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) acts like a black box and measures the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) without considering the internal structure of the system. Unlike classical DEA, recent studies have shown that the overall system efficiency scores are more meaningful if researched using the Network DEA (NDEA) methodology. NDEA performs simultaneous efficiency evaluations of sub-processes and the entire system. Recently, the composition method integrated with multi-objective programming (MOP) has been preferred by many authors to alleviate the drawbacks of earlier methods such as decomposition, slack-based measure (SBM) and the system-centric approach. This study proposes a novel approach incorporating Multi-Choice Conic Goal Programming into the NDEA (MCCGP-NDEA). It provides a more accurate representation of the Pareto front by revealing potential Pareto optimal solutions which are overlooked by the composition methods. Due to its ability to modify stage weights based on the decision makers' (DMs) preferences, it is likely to gather more samples from the Pareto surface. Computational results on available benchmark problems confirm that the proposed MCCGP-NDEA is a viable alternative to existing methods.
A hybrid scatter search method for solving fuzzy no-wait flow-shop scheduling problems
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Başar, Ramazan; Engin, Orhan
The literature published since the year 2000 was reviewed regarding the no-wait flow-shop scheduling (No-WFSS) problem. The No-WFSS problem with separate set-up times and fuzzy due dates is addressed to maximize the customer satisfaction index. A scatter search algorithm (SSA) is proposed, hybridized by some operators. The proposed SSA was first used for solving the considered fuzzy no-wait flow-shop scheduling with set-up time (FNo-WFSSWST) problem. Parameters were calibrated using 192 No-WFSS benchmark instances. The proposed SSA was compared with the genetic heuristic, adaptive learning approach, and hybrid ant colony optimization methods from the literature, showing significant performance improvements. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm is an efficient method for solving FNo-WFSSWST problems.
Spatio-temporal variation of particulate matter with health impact assessment and long-range transport - case study: Ankara, Türkiye
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Koçak, Ebru; Balcılar, İlker
Indexed keywords Sustainable Development Goals SciVal Topics Chemicals and CAS Registry Numbers Metrics Funding details Abstract A clean atmosphere should be provided as a right for human beings to live. The reality is that a significant proportion of the population is exposed to air pollution. This study presents an in-depth investigation into the spatio-temporal dynamics of PM2.5 concentrations in Ankara, Türkiye, spanning over three years. With particular emphasis on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures and local air quality management strategies, data from eight air pollution monitoring stations were analyzed. The findings indicate a significant reduction in PM2.5 levels during lockdown periods, with an average decrease of 18 % observed across the city. Implementing the Ankara Provincial Clean Air Action Plan further contributed to a 9.1 % decrease in PM2.5 concentrations in 2021, followed by an additional 6.6 % decrease in 2022 compared to 2020. The spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentrations reveals the influence of industrial and urban areas on pollution levels. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) and Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (CWT) methods were employed to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of long-range transport source regions contributing to the PM2.5 levels in Ankara. PSCF and CWT analyses revealed a decreasing trend in anthropogenic contribution to PM2.5 from 2020 to 2022. The AirQ+ model was employed to predict the long-term mortality rates attributable to PM2.5 across different monitoring stations. Based on the estimations, all stations' average estimated attributable proportion is 9.8 % (3.3 %–27.8 %). The results depict varying trends in estimated mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate the public health risks arising from exposure to polluted air. Overall, the results of this study show significant measures for the development of effective clean air quality strategies can effectively change the direction of the adverse impact of air pollution on public health.
Recent engineering applications for noise reduction in an automotive industry
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 2024) Taş, Ülge; Pak, Ender; Uğur, Berkay
Industrialization harms as it results in the emission of noise into the surroundings and employees. Especially noise is one of the most common causes of hearing disorders and one of the most common occupational diseases in the industry. Reducing the main noise sources has become increasingly urgent since the effect on employee health was negative. Although noise reduction is an important issue in the industry, previous research has not addressed it adequately, particularly in the automotive industry. This paper presented a detailed case study on the reduction of noise in a pilot area of an automotive assembly line. The paper aimed to improve the quality of the working environment by reducing the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and noise reduction. For this purpose, noise measure tools were used: a Svantec-type noise dosimeter and a sound level meter. In the course of studies, it was creating noise maps (before/after), in order to verify whether the proposed measures will be sufficient. Once the proposed measures have been implemented, a 14.2% reduction in noise levels helped ensure employees’ safety by reducing the need for mandatory PPE. Meanwhile, the noise reduction percentage for AGV is the highest among the five noise sources, at 20.9%. Results showed that the sound pressure levels dropped from 110 dBA to 87 dBA and reduced on average for AGV. Reducing reliance on PPE and implementing noise reduction measures enhances pilot area safety and contributes to a more ergonomic and sustainable work environment. The implementation of this case, the application of the suggested measures, and the subsequent verification approved a considerable reduction in the noise levels in the influenced pilot area, and the measures applied were assessed as highly effective with result rates.
Türkiye ölçeğinde karayolu yol- bakım maliyetleri ve gelecek tahmini
(Uğur Şen, 2024) Göksal, Fatma Pınar
Karayolu ulaşımında dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli unsur ekonomi olgusudur. Ülkemizde de halihazırda yapımı hızla artmakta olan artan esnek üst yol kaplamaları, taşıt sayısı artışları vb. gerekçelerdeki artışlar sebebi ile ekonomik verilerin önemini göz önüne sermektedir. Bugüne kadar karayolu üstyapısı bozulma örnekleri üzerine detaylı incelemeler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada farklı olarak amaç, maliyet araştırmalarında gelecek tahmin modelleri oluşturmaktır. Çalışmada bölgesel düzeyde yol bakım onarım için harcanan rakamlar yıllara göre incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programından yararlanılmıştır. Karayolları genel müdürlüğünden alınan yol bakım onarım verilerinin 2023-2025 tahminlerinde Winters yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre 2025 yılı için artan trafik hacminden dolayı yol bakım maliyetinin ciddi oranda artacağı gözlemlenmiş ve bunu azaltabilmek için yapılabilecek önlemler ve politikalar sunulmuştur.
Forecasting road freight and passenger transport demands in Türkiye using the exponential smoothing
(Uğur ŞEN, 2024) Bolakar Tosun, Hümeyra
Exponential smoothing is a popular technique used to analyze and forecast trends in various industries such as road transportation and passenger transportation. This method is used to calculate weighted averages using historical data and adjust forecasts based on recent trends. In the Turkish context, forecasting transportation demands using exponential smoothing provides valuable information for transportation planning and resource allocation. The increasing number of vehicles has caused many negative environmental consequences. This study analyzed ten years of data on road freight and passenger transportation on a regional scale in order to make future predictions. In the study, solution suggestions are presented based on the findings and the policies that should be implemented to solve the problem are evaluated.
A benchmark dataset for multi-objective flexible job shop cell scheduling
(Elsevier, 2024) Deliktaş, Derya; Özcan, Ender; Üstün, Özden; Torkul, Orhan
This data article presents a description of a benchmark dataset for the multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem in a cellular manufacturing environment. This problem considers intercellular moves, exceptional parts, sequence-dependent family setup and intercellular transportation times, and recirculation requiring minimization of makespan and total tardiness simultaneously. It is called a flexible job shop cell scheduling problem with sequence dependent family setup times and intercellular transportation times (FJCS-SDFSTs-ITTs) problem. The dataset has been developed to evaluate the multi-objective evolutionary algorithms of the FJCS-SDFSTs-ITTs problems that are presented in 'Evolutionary algorithms for multi-objective flexible job shop cell scheduling'. The dataset contains forty-three benchmark instances from 'small' to 'large', including a large real-world problem instance. Researchers can use the dataset to evaluate the future algorithms for the FJCS-SDFSTs-ITTs problems and compare the performance with the existing algorithms.
Synthesis of Phenolic Resin Reinforced with TiO2 Nanoparticles and its Effect on Combustion Performance of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
(Journal Drvna Industrija, 2023) Özbay, Günay; Atar, Musa; Özçifçi, Ayhan
In this study, phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin has been modified with titanium dioxide nanopar-ticles (nano-TiO2 ) at a varying ratio from 0.05 wt.% to 1.5 wt.% to enhance the thermal properties and combustion performance of the resins. The effect of the nano-TiO2 modification on the properties (chemical or thermal) of the resins was determined by Fourier to transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermal analysis (TGA) techniques. In addi-tion, the combustion performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) samples bonded with the PF resin modified with nano-TiO2 was tested. The result of the FT-IR analysis indicated that the modified PF resins had match peaks to the reference PF resin. These similarities of the peaks supported that the modified PF resins were successfully synthesise with phenol, formaldehyde, and nano-TiO2 . The PF resins modified by nano-TiO2 demonstrated better thermal stability than the reference resin. The nano-TiO2 modified PF resin exhibited a favourable influence on the combustion characteristics of LVL. In consequence, PF resin modified with nano-TiO2 could be used as a combustion retardant adhesive in the wood industry.
Case Study of Intralogistics in the Framework of Logistics 4.0
(Society of Automotive Engineers Turkey, 2023) Taş, Ülge
Industry 4.0 has led to changes that have reduced the labor force and created production environments where machines that bring together information technology and industry communicate with each other. Logistics 4.0, which emerged with Industry 4.0, paved the way for improvement in logistics processes. Using information technologies in logistics reduces the labor force costs of enterprises by leading all stages of activities to digitalization. It can be possible to increase customer satisfaction and product quality by reducing human failures with digitalization. This study was performed by planning intralogistics using Logistics 4.0 technological tools, and also the problem of a manufacturing company was elaborated as a case study. This study was carried out by quantitative data analysis in the case study and a large-scale production company in the automotive industry in Turkey providing the intralogistics of the materials from the supplier in the entrance warehouse with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies. This paper presents the research, development, and application of logistics 4.0 in the intralogistics process from the entrance warehouse to the production lines. The aim of the case study was provided to information about the technologies available within the scope of Logistics 4.0 and contribute to the literature and industry with solution suggestions depending on the result of the application study within the logistics operations. As a result, depending on the case study, it was determined that Logistics 4.0 improved intralogistics operations costs by 13.37%.
An integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Multi-Choice Conic Goal Programming approach for customer evaluation and manager assignment
(Elsevier Inc., 2023) Dağistanlı, Hakan Ayhan; Üstün, Özden
Companies adopt a customer-centric approach to maintain their competitive position or dominate the market. In this context, managers are pivotal in navigating the competitive markets in accomplishing these goals. Setting targets and conducting performance evaluations are vital for managers’ long-term success. This study aims to optimise customer evaluation and manager assignment in the defence industry. An integrated approach utilising the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is employed to conduct a comprehensive market analysis and conduct this evaluation. A bi-objective integer programming model is formulated to maximise? total integrated scores and potential returns. The efficient number of visits is determined by combining Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and Multi-Choice Conic Goal Programming (MCCGP). This study offers an objective alternative to traditional survey-based evaluations by proposing a novel decision support system for Goal-Based Performance Appraisals (GBPA) of managers. The proposed approach yields performance values that are considerably more reliable than questionnaire results. Moreover, the proposed decision support system can effectively benefit employees across diverse sectors, extending beyond the confines of the defence industry.
Synthesis and characterization of green phenolic resin with olive oil mill wastewater
(Springer, 2023) Özbay, Günay; Ayrılmış, Nadir; Ahmad, Muhammad Syarhabil
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of the olive oil industry, each year is generated millions of tons all over Mediterranean countries. Uncontrolled disposal of the OMW leads to massive environmental problems including soil and water pollution. In this experimental study, the OMW was used to partly replace clean water for getting prepared formaldehyde solution. Then, phenol and formaldehyde solutions were synthesized under alkali conditions to obtain more green phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin. The effect of the OMW substitution level on the chemical and thermal properties of PF resin was examined by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, respectively. Moreover, the bonding strength of each PF resin was evaluated under dry and wet conditions. It was found that FT-IR measurements showed that the PF resin containing various amounts of the OMW had a chemical structure very similar to the PF resin. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the low?molecular?weight organics in the OMW had negatively affected the thermal stability of the modified PF resins. In addition, the wood samples bonded with the PF resin containing up to 30 wt% OMW met the minimum requirements of interior and exterior bonding performance according to standard EN 12765. The OMW could be replaced by clean water up to 30 wt% for the production of green phenolic resin.
A research on determining effective factors in agile leadership
(Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2022) Taş, Ülge
: In the complex business environments are required more research into the impact of agile leadership, managers, and traditional leadership. To develop corporations with the agility requested by the global competition, organizations demand managers who concrete a level of agile. This study focused on agile leadership as a research in the industry using qualitative methods. The originality of this study is the lack of applied studies in the literature on agile leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to describe the influential factors of agile leadership that were tested in the literature or industry in a series of generally held postulates. As a result of this study, it can be seen a strong relationship between individual responsibility and agile leadership. In addition, a significant relationship was determined between agile leadership and the six codes, and six influential factors. The assumptions related to this are included in the conclusion part.
An economic analysis of scrap tire pyrolysis, potential and new opportunities
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Göksal, Fatma Pınar
Scrap tire recycling is a concern for local and national governments because of the associated environmental hazards. As motor vehicle use increases around the globe, fueled by booming demand in the emerging market, more governments are imposing stringent recycling rules for scrap tires. New and emerging technologies have been introduced to solve the recycling problem. Pyrolysis, which involves the decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures under inert conditions, converts scrap tires into gas and liquid fuels and these products can be used by other industries such as chemical, energy and transportation industries. The feasibility of pyrolysis depends on several factors, including the material content of the scrap tire and market value of the products. Current and past market conditions suggest that pyrolysis plants can be run profitably as independent operations. This study evaluated the economic potential of the pyrolysis industry based on evolving market conditions and forecasts the potential market size based on the volume of scrap tires expected to come into the market in the next 20 years. Separate models were used for market predictions for Europe and Turkey. The economic benefits of using scrap tire pyrolysis were discussed, including the potential monetary value of adopting such policies for Turkey.
Beklemesiz akış tipi çizelgeleme problemlerinin analizi ve hibrit dağınık arama yöntemi ile çözümü
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022) Başar, Ramazan
Beklemesiz Akış Tipi Çizelgeleme (BATÇ), pratik uygulamalarından dolayı kapsamlı bir araştırma alanıdır. BATÇ problemlerinde işler, makinelerde kesintisiz olarak işlem görmek zorundadır. Bir işin tüm makinelerde işlenme süresi boyunca, makineler bekleyebilir fakat işler kesintisiz olarak işlenmelidir. Amaç ise makinelerin boşta bekleme süresini en aza indirmektir. BATÇ problemlerinin çoğunluğunda toplam gecikmenin ve maksimum tamamlanma zamanının minimizasyonu olmak üzere, iki performans ölçüsü göz önünde bulundurulur. Literatürde, son yirmi beş yılda BATÇ ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar analiz edilmiştir. BATÇ problemlerinin çözümü ile ilgili geliştirilen kesin ve yaklaşık çözüm veren yöntemler incelenmiştir. Literatürde 1 ve 2 makineli problemler için optimum çözüm veren matematiksel yöntemler bulunurken, 3 ve daha fazla makineli problemler için standart zamanda optimum çözüm veren bir yöntem bulunmamaktadır. Kabul edilebilir bir süre içerisinde m makine içeren problemlere optimum ya da optimuma yakın çözümler üretebilmek için sezgisel ve meta sezgisel yöntemler geliştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, BATÇ problemlerinin çözümü için Hibrit Dağınık Arama (HDA) yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, literatürde iyi bilinen kıyaslama problemleri yardımı ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Hibrit Uyarlanabilir Öğrenme Yaklaşım (HUÖY) algoritması ve Hibrit Karınca Kolonileri Optimizasyon (HKKO) algoritması ile kıyaslanmıştır. Amaç fonksiyonu olarak maksimum tamamlanma zamanının minimizasyonu seçilmiştir. Elde edilen çözüm sonuçları, önerilen HDA yönteminin BATÇ problemlerinin çözümünde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Assessment of the highway logistics on carbon footprint
(Yıldız Teknik Üniversite, 2022) Taş, Ülge; Bolakar Tosun, Hümeyra
Developing the quality of the types of greenhouse gasses used within the global environment and reducing carbon emissions are recognized as the main of current logistic changes policies. The paper aims to evaluate the contribution of the impact of highway logistics activity, one of the most important causes of carbon dioxide emissions, on the carbon footprint of the Southern Central Anatolian provinces. In this context, multiple regression analyses were conducted in three locations in the Southern Central Anatolian (Antalya, Kayseri, Konya) involving a total of 12 monthly highway logistics activities and carbon emissions. Before analysis, summarized the status of all logistic activities in the study area and collected data related to carbon emission in these regions. However, the coupling relationship between carbon emissions and logistic conditions in regions was calculated by the regression model. The carbon footprint linked to logistics, for Antalya was 87% (R=0.87), for Kayseri was 94% (R=0.94), and for Konya was 63% (R=0.63). It can be seen that, in the multiple regression analysis, Kayseri has a higher carbon footprint than Antalya and Konya when an estimation of the quantile was carbon footprint. The main academic contribution of this study brings a new perspective to the future assessment of environmental policies and prepares a quantitative principle for the implementation of future carbon footprint policies.
Characterization and adhesive performance of Phenol-Formaldehyde resol resin reinforced with carbon nanotubes
(North Carolina State University, 2022) Ciritçioğlu, Hasan Hüseyin; Özbay, Günay
Chemical, physical, thermal properties and bonding quality of phenol-formaldehyde resol resin (PF) synthesized with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was evaluated at varying ratios from 1 wt% to 5 wt%. The effect of the SWCNTs addition on thermal and chemical properties of the PF resins was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, respectively. FT-IR analysis revealed that the peaks of the modified PF resol resins were similar to those of the reference (laboratory-produced) PF resol resin. These similarities indicated that the synthesis of the resins with phenol, formaldehyde, and carbon nano tubes was successful. The PF resins modified using SWCNTs demonstrated higher thermal stability than the reference PF resin. It was found that the bonding strength of the PF resin containing 3 wt% SWCNTs could reach 12.45 N/mm(2) in dry conditions and 7.57 N/mm(2) in wet conditions. The bonding test results demonstrated that the SWCNTs were able to improve the bonding performance of the resin under dry and/or wet conditions. This work presents an effective method to improve PF resins with SWCNTs reinforcement for use in the wood and/or polymer composite industries.
Pyrolysis of water buffalo manure: Influence of temperature and alkali hydroxide additives on the quality of bio-oil
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Özbay, Günay; Koçak, Ebru; Ahmad, Muhammad Syarhabil
In this study, the influence of catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis of the water buffalo manure on the physical-chemical characterizations, pyrolysis product yield and chemical composition of bio-oil was studied. The first part of the experiments was performed in a reactor with a diameter of 24 mm and height of 36 cm, running with varying temperature from 350 °C to 550 °C. The highest yield of bio-oil was found 27.6 wt% at 450 °C. After optimum temperature was determined, effects of alkali hydroxides catalysts were investigated. Under the influence of NaOH and KOH used as alkali hydroxide, a reduction in liquid product yield was recorded, while an increase was observed on char and gas yield. The obtained results from elemental analysis depicted that the H/C ratios increased while O/C ratios decreased under the influence of alkali hydroxides catalysts. 1H NMR analysis results showed that aliphatic OH groups constitute the majority of pyrolysis bio-oil. The chemical characterization of bio-oil was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Alkali hydroxides catalysts had important effect on the chemical content, especially hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. When the catalysts applied, the percent of hydrocarbons increased, on the other hand the percent of carboxylic acids decreased. This research study revealed the potential of bio-oil obtained from water buffalo pyrolysis can be used as a renewable energy source.
Vacuum pyrolysis of woody biomass to bio-oil production
(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2021) Özbay, Günay; Özçifçi, Ayhan
Woody biomass is an important resource that can be utilized to obtain liquid fuel. Bio-oil is an encouraging renewable energy source due to finite fossil resources. In this study, vacuum pyrolysis of oak wood (Quercus petraea L.) residue was performed in a fixed-bed reactor at a high-temperature of 500 °C. Bio-oil, derived from oak wood was examined by a series of chromatographic/spectroscopic methods including elemental composition, FT-IR, and GC/MS analysis to determine the chemical structure. All the results indicated that the bio-oil comprises a complex mixture of oxygen-containing aromatic compounds such as phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, organic acids, and benzenes. The major compounds were identified as phenol and phenol derivatives. Bio-oil, produced from woody biomass may be used as an alternative fuel or chemical feedstock in different industrial applications.

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