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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12451/644

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The role of glutamine in growth, health and sensory quality of female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2025) Öz, Mustafa; İnanan, Burak Evren
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on growth performance, haematological and biochemical responses, oxidative stress parameters and sensory quality of fillets in female rainbow trout. Methodology: A total of 360 female rainbow trout were randomly divided into four groups and fed diets supplemented with 0.0% (control), 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.0% glutamine for 60 days. Growth indices were measured, and blood samples were analysed for haematological and biochemical parameters. Muscle tissue was examined for oxidative stress markers. Sensory evaluation was performed on fillets by trained panellist. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison test. Results: Glutamine supplementation at 1.5% and 2.0% significantly improved final body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Haematological indices, such as red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, increased in the treated groups. Significant enhancements in total protein and albumin levels were observed, along with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating improved oxidative status. Sensory evaluation revealed better odour, flavour and texture in fillets from glutamine-supplemented groups, particularly at 1.5% and 2.0% inclusion levels. Conclusions: Dietary glutamine supplementation, particularly at 1.5%–2.0%, enhances growth, physiological health, oxidative balance and sensory characteristics in female rainbow trout. These findings support the practical use of glutamine as a functional feed additive in sustainable aquaculture systems.
Determination of alfalfa silage quality with different levels of corn flake addition
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2025) Gül, Esra Tuğçe; Sevim, Behlül
The present research was carried out to determine the effects of corn flakes on the chemical composition, digestibility and energy values, and fermentation properties of alfalfa silages ensiled with different levels (0%, 5%, and 10%) of corn flakes addition. Within the scope of the study, alfalfa shredded to 1-3 cm sizes were ensiled in anaerobic plastic containers by adding 5% and 10% flaked corn to the treatment groups. As a result of the research, it was determined that the parameters of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) decreased significantly in the treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0,01). Ether extract (EE) was found to be similar in the 5% corn flakes added group and the control group but increased significantly at the 10% corn flakes level (P<0,01). Starch also increased in the treatment groups compared to the control, and the highest mean was determined in the group to which 10% corn flakes were added (P<0,01). Neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) decreased considerably with 5% corn flakes and was similar in the 10% corn flakes added group and the control group (P<0,05). Metabolizable energy (ME) was not affected by the treatments (P>0,05) but non-fiber carbohydrate, total digestible nutrients and lactation net energy values were significantly increased by the addition of corn flakes to alfalfa silage (P<0,01). Lactic and butyric acids significantly increased with the addition of corn flakes, and pH decreased significantly in the 10% corn flakes added group compared to the control and other treatment group (P<0,01). Additionally, acetic acid and propionic acid were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group (P<0,01). However, acetic acid and propionic acid levels decreased with increasing corn flake level (10%) (P<0,01). As a result, considering the positive effects of corn flakes addition on important parameters for silage, especially lactic acid and pH, and examining the net effects on other parameters, it can be said that the use of corn flakes in alfalfa silage production would have positive effects. However, levels of 10% and further need to be evaluated in future studies.
Damızlık japon bıldırcın (coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına maca (lepidium meyenii) tozu ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve kuluçka parametrelerine etkisi
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2022) Gökmen, Seyit Ahmet; Sevim, Behlül; Olgun, Osman
Bu çalışma damızlık Japon bıldırcın rasyonlarına maca tozu ilavesinin performans, yumurta iç ve dış kalite ve bazı kuluçka özellikleri üzerine etkilerini tespit etmek için yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 18 haftalık yaştaki 120 adet (80 dişi, 40 erkek) damızlık Japon bıldırcını kullanılmıştır. Bıldırcınlar dört farklı seviyede maca tozu (0, 1, 2 ve 4 g/kg) içeren muamele grubu ve her muamele için beş tekerrür olmak üzere toplam 20 alt gruba rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda rasyona 1 g/kg maca tozu ilavesiyle yumurta kabuk kırılma direnci (P<0.05) ve kabuk oranı (P<0.01); 4 g/kg maca tozu ilavesiyle ise Haugh birimi önemli derecede artmıştır (P<0.05). Ancak rasyona farklı seviyelerde maca tozu ilavesi damızlık bıldırcınlarda performans ve kuluçka parametrelerini etkilememiştir (P>0.05). Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarına maca tozunun, performans ve kuluçka parametrelerini etkilemeksizin kabuk kalitesini iyileştirmek amacıyla 1 g/kg seviyesinde, Haugh birimini iyileştirmek için ise 4 g/kg seviyesinde ilave edilebileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Yumurtacı bıldırcınların (coturnix coturnix japonica) karma yemlerine sodyum format ilavesinin performans ve yumurta kalitesi üzerine olan etkisi
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2022) Sevim, Behlül
Bu çalışma yumurtlayan bıldırcınların karma yemlerine 0, 100, 200 ve 400 mg/kg seviyesinde sodyum format ilavesinin performansa ve yumurta kalitesine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede 8 haftalık yaşta toplam 80 adet yumurtacı bıldırcın 5 tekerrürlü 4 muamele grubuna rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda karma yeme farklı düzeylerde sodyum format katkısının canlı ağırlık değişimi, yumurta verimi, yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurta kitlesine etkisi önemsiz olurken (P>0,05), karma yeme 200 mg/kg seviyesinde sodyum format ilavesi ile yem tüketimi azalmış ve yemden yararlanma oranı iyileşmiştir (P<0,05). Yumurta dış ve iç kalite parametrelerinden kabuk kırılma direnci ile Haugh birimini karma yeme sodyum format ilavesinden önemli derecede etkilenirken (P<0,05), diğer yumurta kalite parametreleri etkilenmemiştir (P>0,05). Bıldırcın karma yemlerine 100 ve 200 mg/kg seviyesinde sodyum format ilavesi kabuk kırılma direncini düşürmüş ve Haugh birimini arttırmıştır. Sonuç olarak karma yeme yüksek seviyede (200 mg/kg) sodyum format ilavesi yem değerlendirmeyi ve yumurta iç kalitesini olumlu etkilerken, kabuk kırılma direnci olumsuz etkilenmiştir.
The effect of adding different levels of black cumin (nigella sativa l.) seed to the feed on performance, serum parameters and reproductive hormones in male japanese quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2021) Sevim, Behlül; Bahtiyarca, Yılmaz; Curabay, Barışcan; Gökmen, Seyit Ahmet; Ayaşan, Tugay
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of adding different levels of black cumin seed (BCS) to the compound feed on performance, serum criteria, and reproductive hormones in male Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). 80 male Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) at the age of 21 days were used in the study. The trial was carried out with 5 repetitions in 4 treatment groups (20 subgroups with 4 animals in each cage) and completed in 3 weeks. The treatment groups were as follows: Group A (the control group fed with basal feed, 0%); Group B (the group fed with basal feed + 0,5% black cumin seed); Group C (the group fed with basal feed + 1,0 % black cumin seed); and Group D (the group fed with basal feed + 2,0% black cumin seed). In the study, it was found that the addition of black cumin seed to the rations of male quails had no significant effect on their performance, testicular characteristics, serum parameters, and reproductive hormones. However, it was also found that the addition of0,5% BCS caused an increase in the ratio of testicular weight to live weight, and the serum FSH levels tended to decrease with the addition of BCS; so there is a need for more studies on this subject.
The antimicrobial efficiency of some green seaweeds from the Mediterranean coast against some pathogenic bacteria
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2021) Aksoy, Adil; El Hindi, Mahmoud
During the past several years, microbial resistance to common antibiotics has continually increased, and this growing resistance threatens the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Thus, there is increased research on novel drugs like seaweeds. In this study, crude extracts of three seaweeds (Ulva clathrate, Ulva lactuca and Ulva compressa) were obtained with a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficiency was carried out using well diffusion method and microdilution method (MIC) at different concentrations (100-0.195mg/ml) for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The green seaweed extracts produced inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 12.5 mm. Methanol extracts produced the strongest inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial species. Overall, this study provides data on the potential use of algal extracts for the development of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases.
Damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarına portakal ve limon kabuğu esansiyel yağları ve karışımlarının ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve kuluçka parametrelerine etkisi
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2021) Gökmen, Seyit Ahmet; Cufadar, Yusuf; Curabay, Barışcan; Bahtiyarca, Yılmaz; Behlül, Sevim
Bu çalışmanın amacı yumurtlayan bıldırcın rasyonlarına portakal kabuğu (PKY), limon kabuğu esansiyel yağlarının (LKY) ve karışımlarının PKY+LKY (sırasıyla 300, 300, 150+150 mg/kg) ilavesinin performansa, yumurta iç ve dış kalite parametreleri ile kuluçka parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Sekiz hafta süren deneme, 4 muamele grubu her muamele için 5 tekerrür olacak şekilde toplam 20 alt grupta yürütülmüş ve 10 haftalık yaştaki toplam 120 adet Japon bıldırcını her bir alt grupta 6 bıldırcın (4 dişi, 2 erkek) olmak üzere rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Rasyona LKY ilavesiyle yem tüketimi, PKY+LKY ilavesi ile yumurta verimi ve yumurta kitlesi kontrol grubuna göre önemli derecede düşmüş, LKY ve PKY+LKY ilavesiyle kabuk kırılma direnci kontrol grubuna göre önemli derecede artmıştır. Bununla birlikte rasyona LKY, PKY ve PKY+LKY ilavesi kuluçka ve üreme parametrelerini etkilememiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarına 300 mg/kg LKY ve 300 mg/kg (150+150) PKY+LKY ilavesi performansı olumsuz etkilese de kabuk kalitesinin artmasında etkili olmuştu
Evaluation of Sugar Beet Leave Extracts in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Diets: Effects on Blood and Semen Parameters
(Yunus Ömer BOYACI, 2019) İnanan, Burak Evren; Acar, Ümit
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the common agricultural crops in the world. After harvesting of its roots, sugar beetleaves (SBL) become waste in the field. SBL could cause some inflammation problems in the digestive tract of cattle anddecrease tasty of feed. This study was carried out to determine the effects of three different extracts from SBL on hematologicaland blood serum biochemical parameters, and semen quality of goldfish Carassius auratus. These extracts contained proteins,essential oils and carbohydrates from SBL were added to fish feed at ratios of 5 and 20 ‰. The serum total protein, glucoseand albumin values increased while cholesterol and liver enzymes activities decreased in all SBL extract groups. Also, thehighest hemoglobin values were found in the groups fed with the supplementations of the essential oils extract. Moreover, thelowest lipid peroxidation and the highest catalase activity levels of seminal plasma were found in these groups. Thesupplementations of the essential oils extract which contains phytol and vitamin E improved blood parameters and increasedthe motility parameters as well.
The New Mastitis Agents Emerged in Cattle in Turkey and An Investigation of Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility
(Afyon Kocatepe Üniv. Veteriner Fakültesi, 2019) Kenar, Beytullah; Aksoy, Adil; Köse, Zahide
There are new emerging cattle mastitis agents that have become a major burden economically on the dairy industry becauseof their negatively affects on production and quality in dairy cattle farming in Turkey,. To overcome this emerged problem,antimicrobials are adopted in this sector to prevent and administrate mastitis and other bacterial infections affecting cattle inthe country. Nevertheless, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing in both animal and humancontaminants. The occurrence and features of AMR of the emerging cattle mastitis agents in dairy cattle in Turkey, have beenmanifested. As a result, the goal of this research was to assess secluded emerging cattle mastitis agents in Turkey and toappraise the antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens. Sixty one milk samples from cattle wwith mastitis were collectedbetween 2014 and 2018 for assessment of clinical mastitis in diagnostic and analysis laboratory of Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine, Afyon Kocatepe University. Twenty five microorganism species arised as cattle mastitis agents were assessed inthese milk samples. The outcomes of the present study identified the necessity for advancements in antimicrobialstewardship as well as infection administration plans in Turkish farms to decrease the occurence of AMR. VITEKCompact® 2 systemmethod showed that Streptococcus uberis had the maximum AMR while Globicatella sulfidifaciens had theminimum AMR. The study depicts that the number of cattle mastitis is directly proportional to the size of the herd.
Bizans döneminde balıkçılık aktiviteleri ve mozaiklerde görülen balık türleri
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018) İnanan, Filiz; İnanan, Burak Evren
Birçok uygarlıkta, insan yaşamının önemli besin kaynaklarının bir bölümü deniz, gölve akarsulardan sağlanmıştır. Bizans döneminde de, farklı türdeki balıklar ve ıstakoz,yengeç, ahtapot, salyangoz gibi diğer su ürünlerinin ağ, zıpkın, yaprak ve dallardanörülen sepetlerle yakalanmaktadır. Tutulan balıkların toptan ve perakende satışlarınınayrıntıları çok bilinmemekle birlikte, balık türlerinin fiyatları arasında fark bulunduğukayıtlıdır. Ayrıca, balıkçıların faaliyetleri, marketlerin işleyiş biçimi, rekabetortamının durumu, organizasyonların düzenlenişi, bireysel girişimlerin kurumlaraetkisi gibi konular hakkındaki bilgilere ulaşılabilmektedir. Balık ve bazı denizcanlılarının Bizans sofrası dışında maden, seramik ve tekstil atölyelerinde farklıbiçimlerde kullanıldığı, bazen dini sembol, bazen balıkçılık faaliyetleri içinde mozaikbetimlerde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bizans döneminde balıkçılık faaliyetleri ilebalığın farklı alanlardaki kullanımları konusunda bir değerlendiren bu çalışma ileBizans dönemindeki bahçe havuzlarında beslenen balık türlerinin günümüzdeakvaryum balıkçılığına yansıdığı saptanmaktadır. Ayrıca, avlanan balık türleridışında balıkların bir arada tutularak yemleme tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi,günümüzdeki balık yetiştiriciliği temel prensipleri ile örtüştüğü tespit edilmiştir.
Evaluation of the effect of red cabbage waste on performance, egg quality, and yolk oxidative stability of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, Behlül; Sırakaya, Selim; İriş, Canan; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This study investigates the effects of red cabbage waste (RCW) as a dietary supplement on the performance, egg quality, and oxidative stability of yolk in laying Japanese quails. Given its rich phenolic content, RCW has been investigated as a natural feed additive to reduce food waste and enhance poultry diets. In a six-week trial, 120 quails were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates and fed diets with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% RCW. Performance parameters, internal and external egg quality, and antioxidant status were measured. RCW supplementation had no significant impact on overall quail performance. Quails fed with 0.5% RCW showed notable improvements in internal egg quality, especially in the albumen index, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness. Additionally, incorporating 0.5% RCW into the diet improved the yolk’s antioxidant activity, as evidenced by reduced MDA levels. However, other egg quality traits, including the antioxidant capacity of the yolk, had deteriorated with concentrations above 0.5%, indicating that a moderate inclusion of 0.5% RCW is the most favourable option. The findings underscore that RCW could be sustainably used to improve egg quality without compromising performance, while managing food waste, presenting a potential circular economy solution. Nevertheless, further research is encouraged to optimize RCW levels and fully understand its benefits in poultry feed.
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil supplementation: impact on performance, egg quality, serum, and faecal mineral content in laying partridges
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC-INIA), 2025) Başer, Eyüp; Sevim, Behlül; Akbulut, N. Kürşad; Çufadar, Yusuf; Halıcı, İbrahim; Kal, Yavuz; Tekik, Havva; Gültekin, Meltem; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This study evaluated the impact of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) supplementation on performance, egg quality, and serum and faecal mineral composition in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). Area of study: Türkiye. Material and methods: Ninety-layer partridges, aged 32 weeks, were randomly assigned to five groups. Within each group, there were six replicates with three birds/replicate. The experimental design included a control group receiving a basal diet (0 mg/kg TEO) and four treatment groups with diets supplemented with TEO at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg over 56 days. Main results: The results showed no significant differences in performance parameters among the groups (p>0.05). However, egg production and mass were significantly higher in the 50 mg/kg TEO group than in the control group (p<0.01). Additionally, eggshell thickness and yolk index were improved in the 50 mg/kg group compared to the 100 mg/kg group (p<0.05). Serum and faecal mineral compositions did not differ significantly among the experimental groups (p>0.05). Research highlights: These results suggest that incorporating TEO at 50 mg/kg into the diet of chukar partridges may be optimal, as higher concentrations could potentially interfere with nutrient absorption and negatively affect partridge attributes. Nevertheless, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of TEO´s active ingredients in partridge feed.
Optimization of Carbon and Nitrogen Source on the Production of Pectinase Enzymes in Solid-state Fermentation by Cyberlindnera fabianii UNJCC Y-144 and Candida tropicalis UNJCC Y-148-149 Isolated from Lai Fruit
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2025) Sukmawati, Dalia; Hasanah, Rifdah; Adisyahputra; Husna, Shabrina Nida Al; Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina; Aksoy, Adil; El-Enshasy, Hesham Ali
Yeasts are prevalent on the surfaces and within the pulp of ripening fruits, where they utilize available sugars and nutrients to thrive. This study focuses on the endemic Lai fruit (Durio sp.) from Kalimantan, Indonesia, which contains pectin, a key substrate for pectinolytic yeasts. The activity of these yeasts, particularly in producing pectinase enzymes, is influenced by the carbon and nitrogen resources present in the fruit. We aimed to evaluate the effects of varying carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, and pectin) and nitrogen sources (peptone, urea, and ammonium chloride) on the pectinase activity of yeasts isolated from Lai fruit. In our screening, five out of twenty yeast isolates demonstrated pectinase production, with three isolates UNJCC Y-144, UNJCC Y-148, and UNJCC Y-149 selected for further analysis. The initial screening revealed pectinolytic index values of 0.55 ± 0.07 mm, 0.45 ± 0.02 mm, and 0.49 ± 0.06 mm for UNJCC Y-144, UNJCC Y-148, and UNJCC Y-149, respectively. Molecular identification confirmed that UNJCC Y-144 is Cyberlindnera fabianii (100% homology), while UNJCC Y-148 and UNJCC Y-149 are Candida tropicalis (100% and 99.83% homology, respectively). Notably, Cyberlindnera fabianii UNJCC Y-144 exhibited the enzyme activity (EA) in a medium lacking pectin, ranging from 48.68 ± 2.84 to 32.05 ± 2.46 U/mL. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing local yeasts for biotechnological applications in enzyme production, particularly in the food industry, where pectinase plays a critical role in processing fruit and improving juice extraction efficiency.
Impact of manganese hydroxychloride on egg quality, antioxidant capacity, bone characteristics, and mineral excretion in laying quail
(The University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 2024) Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Gül, Esra Tuğçe; Gökmen, Fatih; Yıldız, Alpönder; Uygur, Veli; Sevim, Behlül; Sarmiento-Garcia, Ainhoa
This research investigated the impact of different concentrations of manganese hydroxychloride (MnH) on productive performance, egg quality, antioxidant status, tibia characteristics, and mineral excretion in laying quails. A total of 125 female ten-week-old female quails, were divided into five groups with five subgroups, each containing five quails. The birds were fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with different levels of MnH (containing 55 g/100 g Mn) at 18.86 mg/kg (basal diet), 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg for twelve weeks. Results indicated that MnH supplementation enhanced egg production and feed intake (P < 0.05) compared to the non-supplemented group. The optimal eggshell quality, including shell- breaking strength, thickness, and weight, was observed at 80 mg/kg MnH (P<0.01) compared to the basal diet. Regarding the antioxidant capacity in the yolk, the yolk's 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value increased significantly (P<0.01) with 100 mg/kg MnH supplementation, while malondialdehyde (MDA) values remained unaffected across all groups. Increasing dietary MnH levels elevated Mn excretion in faeces and reduced copper levels (P<0.01). However, MnH addition adversely affected tibia biomechanical properties compared to the basal diet (P<0.01), with no significant impact on tibia mineral accumulation (P>0.05). These results suggest that including 80 mg/kg MnH in laying quail diets would be adequate to improve certain aspects of production and eggshell quality, although its impact on bone parameters requires further investigation.
Effects of Supplemental Melon Peel Powder on Laying Performance, Egg Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Layer Quails
(Fundacao APINCO de Ciencia e Tecnologia Avicolas, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, B.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of melon peel powder (MPP) as a supplement on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails. Melon peels are by-products of melon production and are rich in polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids that can improve quail performance and egg quality. The study was conducted over six weeks using 120 female Japanese quails with comparable body weights, aged 42 days. MPP was provided to the group diets at inclusion levels of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0%, and 2.0%. The study indicated that MPP supplementation did not improve laying performance, external egg quality parameters, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, or yolk cholesterol levels. However, MPP supplementation improved the internal quality of eggs, as shown by the higher yolk color score and higher yolk carotenoid levels. The antioxidant capacity of eggs was also improved by MPP supplementation. In conclusion, MPP supplementation in laying quail diets positively affected egg internal quality and egg yolk antioxidant status. A 2.0% dietary supplementation of MPP is recommended for laying quails. Further studies will be needed to understand the effects of MPP on metabolism and blood biochemical traits in poultry.
The effect of different sodium bentonite levels on chemical composition, microbiological composition and lactic acid levels of pumpkin waste silage
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Sırakaya, Selim; Kılınç, Gözde
Pumpkin residue could be used as silage in animal nutrition, yet ensiling is challenging due to its high moisture content, which can negatively impact the process and produce mycotoxins. Sodium bentonite (SB) has high water-absorbing capacity and have been used in pellet feed manufacturing for ruminant and monogastric animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding two different levels of SB to pumpkin residue silage on its chemical composition, silage quality, microbiota, and lactic acid levels. The pumpkin residues were ensiled with 0%, 1%, and 2% SB in four replicates for three months. The analysis showed that the addition of SB significantly reduced crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Fleig point and lactic acid levels, yet increased crude ash (CA), dry matter content (DM) and pH values. Microbial counts for yeast-mould and lactic acid bacteria were highest in the control group. Conversely, the %1 SB supplemented silages exhibited the lowest levels of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Thus, using SB as a silage additive reduce yeast and mold, however it also reduced nutritional value and lactic acid amount in the silage. Further research can investigate the optimal level of SB for different types of silage to improve their quality and shelf life.
The investigation of the fermentative, chemical and microbial Eefects of grape and tangerine pomace added to high moisture alfalfa silage
(Sezer ÖZ, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Ünal, Yüce; Yavuz, Musa; Sırakaya, Selim; Sevim, Behlül; Ayaşan, Tugay
This study investigated the impact of grape pulp (GRP) and tangerine pulp (TNP) supplementation (10% each) on alfalfa silage quality. The control silage received no additives. After a two-month fermentation period, silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, fermentation quality, microflora, and organic acids. According to our results, both silage additives effectively lowered pH levels and isobutyric acid, while increased Fleig score and lactic acid levels compared to control group. However, GRP supplementation significantly increased the levels of crude protein (CP), yeast-mold colony count, and butyric acid levels. Conversely, TNP supplementation resulted in higher levels of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), valeric acid and lower acetic acid levels in the alfalfa silage samples. In conclusion, both GRP and TNP supplements have distinct effects on the chemical composition, silage quality, microflora, and organic acid profiles of alfalfa silage. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing alfalfa silage production and its utilization in animal nutrition. Further research could explore optimal inclusion rates and potential synergistic effects with other additives to enhance silage quality.
Effects of captan, mancozeb and azoxystrobin fungicides on motility, oxidative stress and fatty acid profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa
(Elsevier, 2024) Gündüz, Sami; İnanan, Burak Evren
An in vitro study using rainbow trout spermatozoa was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations of captan (CPT), mancozeb (MCZ), and azoxystrobin (AZX) fungicides on motility parameters, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH inhibition. Moreover, changes in fatty acids profiles caused by the fungicides were determined for the first time. The results revealed that motility parameters, SOD activities, TAC values, and DPPH inhibitions decreased significantly while lipid peroxidation increased after ?2 µg/L of CPT, ?1 µg/L of MCZ, and ?5 µg/L of AZX incubations for 2 h at 4 °C. Additionally, 10 µg/L CPT, 5 µg/L MCZ, and 200 µg/L AZX reduced motility to the 50 % level. Our results clearly demonstrated significant changes in the fatty acids profiles of spermatozoa exposed to these concentrations of the fungicides. The highest lipid peroxidation and the lowest monounsaturated and polyunsaturated saturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) were detected in AZX. Even though the susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative damage is generally attributed to PUFA contents, the results of this study have represented that MUFA content could play a part in this tendency. Moreover, the lower concentration of MCZ reduced motility to the % 50 level while it deteriorated the fatty acids profile less than did AZX. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the detrimental effects of the fungicides on mitochondrial respiration and related enzymes have more priority than oxidative stress in terms of their toxicities on spermatozoa. It has also been suggested that fish spermatozoa are a good model for determining changes in the fatty acid profiles by fungicides, probably, by other pesticides and environmental contaminants as well.
Efficacy of liver free and Chitosan against Eimeria tenella in chickens
(BMC, 2024) Yu, Zhang; Alouffi, Abdülaziz; Al-Olayan, Ebtsam; Dinçel, Güngör Çağdaş; Tellez-Isaias, Guillermo; Castellanos-Huerta, Inkar; Graham, Danielle; Petrone-Garcia, Victor M.
Eimeria spp. are the pathogen that causes coccidiosis, a significant disease that affects intensively reared livestock, especially poultry. Anticoccidial feed additives, chemicals, and ionophores have routinely been employed to reduce Eimeria infections in broiler production. Therefore, the shift to antibiotic-free and organic farming necessitates novel coccidiosis preventive strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of potential feed additives, liver free and chitosan, against Eimeria tenella infection in White Leghorn broiler female chickens. One hundred sixty-five 1-dayold White Leghorn broiler female chicks were divided into 11 groups (15 female chicks per group), including the positive control group (G1), the negative control group (G2), a chitosan-treated group (G3), a chitosan-treatedinfected group (G4), the liver free-treated group (G5), the liver free-treated-infected group (G6), the liver free-andchitosan-treated group (G7), the liver free-and-chitosan-infected group (G8), the therapeutic liver free-and-chitosantreated-infected group (G9), the sulfaquinoxaline-treated group (G10), and the sulfaquinoxaline-treated-infected group (G11). Chitosan was fed to the chicks in G3 and G4 as a preventative measure at a dose of 250 mg/kg. The G5 and G6 groups received 1.5 mg/kg of Liverfree. The G7 and G8 groups received chitosan and Liverfree. The G10 and G11 groups were administered 2 g/L of sulfaquinoxaline. From the moment the chicks arrived at Foshan University (one-day-old chicks) until the completion of the experiment, all medications were given to them as a preventative measure. G8 did; however, receive chitosan and liver free as therapeutic supplements at 7 dpi. The current study showed that the combination of liver free and chitosan can achieve better prophylactic and therapeutic effects than either alone. In E. tenella challenged chickens, G8 and G9 chickens showed reduced oocyst shedding and lesion score, improved growth performance (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate), and cecal histology. The current study demonstrates that combining liver free and chitosan has superior preventive and therapeutic benefits than either alone, and they could also be used as alternative anticoccidial agents.
Effect of using hydroxychloride as a copper source on performance, eggshell quality, tibia properties, mineral excretion, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in layer quails
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Gül, Esra Tu?çe; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Gökmen, Fatih; Yıldız, Alpönder; Uygur, Veli; Sevim, Behlül; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This research aimed to examine the impact of varying levels of dietary copper (Cu) hydroxychloride on the performance, egg quality, yolk antioxidant capacity, tibia traits, and mineral excretion in laying quails. 125 female 10-week-old quails were randomly distributed into five experimental groups with 5 replicates, each consisting of 5 quails. Five experimental isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed to contain different Cu hydroxychloride (54% Cu) levels at 7.20 (basal diet), 15, 30,45, and 60 mg/kg respectively. Quails were fed with trial diets for 12 weeks. Performance, egg production, eggshell quality, and biomechanical traits of the tibia were not impacted (P>0.005) by variations in dietary Cu levels. Yolk antioxidant capacity, measured as yolk DPPH value, exhibited an increase (P<0.01) in the high-dose group (60 mg/kg). Regarding tibia mineral concentration, Cu concentration decreased linearly (P<0.001) with increasing Cu level, manganese and zinc content recorded the highest values in quails that had received 60 mg/kg Cu in the diet (P<0.01), while the lowest phosphorus content was described for 45 and 60 mg/kg. Contrarily, increases (P<0.01) in dietary Cu resulted in raised faecal Cu content, while phosphorus, manganese, and zinc, were reduced when Cu was added. It can be inferred that adding Cu to the diet of laying quails would not be necessary, which in turn decreases Cu excretion and prevents substantial environmental harm.

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