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The effect of different sodium bentonite levels on chemical composition, microbiological composition and lactic acid levels of pumpkin waste silage
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Sırakaya, Selim; Kılınç, Gözde
Pumpkin residue could be used as silage in animal nutrition, yet ensiling is challenging due to its high moisture content, which can negatively impact the process and produce mycotoxins. Sodium bentonite (SB) has high water-absorbing capacity and have been used in pellet feed manufacturing for ruminant and monogastric animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding two different levels of SB to pumpkin residue silage on its chemical composition, silage quality, microbiota, and lactic acid levels. The pumpkin residues were ensiled with 0%, 1%, and 2% SB in four replicates for three months. The analysis showed that the addition of SB significantly reduced crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Fleig point and lactic acid levels, yet increased crude ash (CA), dry matter content (DM) and pH values. Microbial counts for yeast-mould and lactic acid bacteria were highest in the control group. Conversely, the %1 SB supplemented silages exhibited the lowest levels of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Thus, using SB as a silage additive reduce yeast and mold, however it also reduced nutritional value and lactic acid amount in the silage. Further research can investigate the optimal level of SB for different types of silage to improve their quality and shelf life.
The investigation of the fermentative, chemical and microbial Eefects of grape and tangerine pomace added to high moisture alfalfa silage
(Sezer ÖZ, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Ünal, Yüce; Yavuz, Musa; Sırakaya, Selim; Sevim, Behlül; Ayaşan, Tugay
This study investigated the impact of grape pulp (GRP) and tangerine pulp (TNP) supplementation (10% each) on alfalfa silage quality. The control silage received no additives. After a two-month fermentation period, silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, fermentation quality, microflora, and organic acids. According to our results, both silage additives effectively lowered pH levels and isobutyric acid, while increased Fleig score and lactic acid levels compared to control group. However, GRP supplementation significantly increased the levels of crude protein (CP), yeast-mold colony count, and butyric acid levels. Conversely, TNP supplementation resulted in higher levels of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), valeric acid and lower acetic acid levels in the alfalfa silage samples. In conclusion, both GRP and TNP supplements have distinct effects on the chemical composition, silage quality, microflora, and organic acid profiles of alfalfa silage. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing alfalfa silage production and its utilization in animal nutrition. Further research could explore optimal inclusion rates and potential synergistic effects with other additives to enhance silage quality.
Effects of captan, mancozeb and azoxystrobin fungicides on motility, oxidative stress and fatty acid profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa
(Elsevier, 2024) Gündüz, Sami; İnanan, Burak Evren
An in vitro study using rainbow trout spermatozoa was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations of captan (CPT), mancozeb (MCZ), and azoxystrobin (AZX) fungicides on motility parameters, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH inhibition. Moreover, changes in fatty acids profiles caused by the fungicides were determined for the first time. The results revealed that motility parameters, SOD activities, TAC values, and DPPH inhibitions decreased significantly while lipid peroxidation increased after ?2 µg/L of CPT, ?1 µg/L of MCZ, and ?5 µg/L of AZX incubations for 2 h at 4 °C. Additionally, 10 µg/L CPT, 5 µg/L MCZ, and 200 µg/L AZX reduced motility to the 50 % level. Our results clearly demonstrated significant changes in the fatty acids profiles of spermatozoa exposed to these concentrations of the fungicides. The highest lipid peroxidation and the lowest monounsaturated and polyunsaturated saturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) were detected in AZX. Even though the susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative damage is generally attributed to PUFA contents, the results of this study have represented that MUFA content could play a part in this tendency. Moreover, the lower concentration of MCZ reduced motility to the % 50 level while it deteriorated the fatty acids profile less than did AZX. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the detrimental effects of the fungicides on mitochondrial respiration and related enzymes have more priority than oxidative stress in terms of their toxicities on spermatozoa. It has also been suggested that fish spermatozoa are a good model for determining changes in the fatty acid profiles by fungicides, probably, by other pesticides and environmental contaminants as well.
Efficacy of liver free and Chitosan against Eimeria tenella in chickens
(BMC, 2024) Yu, Zhang; Alouffi, Abdülaziz; Al-Olayan, Ebtsam; Dinçel, Güngör Çağdaş; Tellez-Isaias, Guillermo; Castellanos-Huerta, Inkar; Graham, Danielle; Petrone-Garcia, Victor M.
Eimeria spp. are the pathogen that causes coccidiosis, a significant disease that affects intensively reared livestock, especially poultry. Anticoccidial feed additives, chemicals, and ionophores have routinely been employed to reduce Eimeria infections in broiler production. Therefore, the shift to antibiotic-free and organic farming necessitates novel coccidiosis preventive strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of potential feed additives, liver free and chitosan, against Eimeria tenella infection in White Leghorn broiler female chickens. One hundred sixty-five 1-dayold White Leghorn broiler female chicks were divided into 11 groups (15 female chicks per group), including the positive control group (G1), the negative control group (G2), a chitosan-treated group (G3), a chitosan-treatedinfected group (G4), the liver free-treated group (G5), the liver free-treated-infected group (G6), the liver free-andchitosan-treated group (G7), the liver free-and-chitosan-infected group (G8), the therapeutic liver free-and-chitosantreated-infected group (G9), the sulfaquinoxaline-treated group (G10), and the sulfaquinoxaline-treated-infected group (G11). Chitosan was fed to the chicks in G3 and G4 as a preventative measure at a dose of 250 mg/kg. The G5 and G6 groups received 1.5 mg/kg of Liverfree. The G7 and G8 groups received chitosan and Liverfree. The G10 and G11 groups were administered 2 g/L of sulfaquinoxaline. From the moment the chicks arrived at Foshan University (one-day-old chicks) until the completion of the experiment, all medications were given to them as a preventative measure. G8 did; however, receive chitosan and liver free as therapeutic supplements at 7 dpi. The current study showed that the combination of liver free and chitosan can achieve better prophylactic and therapeutic effects than either alone. In E. tenella challenged chickens, G8 and G9 chickens showed reduced oocyst shedding and lesion score, improved growth performance (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate), and cecal histology. The current study demonstrates that combining liver free and chitosan has superior preventive and therapeutic benefits than either alone, and they could also be used as alternative anticoccidial agents.
Effect of using hydroxychloride as a copper source on performance, eggshell quality, tibia properties, mineral excretion, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in layer quails
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Gül, Esra Tu?çe; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Gökmen, Fatih; Yıldız, Alpönder; Uygur, Veli; Sevim, Behlül; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This research aimed to examine the impact of varying levels of dietary copper (Cu) hydroxychloride on the performance, egg quality, yolk antioxidant capacity, tibia traits, and mineral excretion in laying quails. 125 female 10-week-old quails were randomly distributed into five experimental groups with 5 replicates, each consisting of 5 quails. Five experimental isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed to contain different Cu hydroxychloride (54% Cu) levels at 7.20 (basal diet), 15, 30,45, and 60 mg/kg respectively. Quails were fed with trial diets for 12 weeks. Performance, egg production, eggshell quality, and biomechanical traits of the tibia were not impacted (P>0.005) by variations in dietary Cu levels. Yolk antioxidant capacity, measured as yolk DPPH value, exhibited an increase (P<0.01) in the high-dose group (60 mg/kg). Regarding tibia mineral concentration, Cu concentration decreased linearly (P<0.001) with increasing Cu level, manganese and zinc content recorded the highest values in quails that had received 60 mg/kg Cu in the diet (P<0.01), while the lowest phosphorus content was described for 45 and 60 mg/kg. Contrarily, increases (P<0.01) in dietary Cu resulted in raised faecal Cu content, while phosphorus, manganese, and zinc, were reduced when Cu was added. It can be inferred that adding Cu to the diet of laying quails would not be necessary, which in turn decreases Cu excretion and prevents substantial environmental harm.
Effect of corn-soybean meal based diets with low calcium and available phosphorus in male broilers on performance, tibia criteria and jejunum histomorphology
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Olgun, Osman; Cufadar, Yusuf; Gül, Esra Tu?çe; Ahmet Gökmen, Seyit; Sevim, Behlül
This trial has been conducted to determine the effect of reducing calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (AvP) on performance, carcass yield, tibia traits, and jejunum histomorphology in broilers. For this purpose, 480 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks have been distributed to 4 trial groups with 8 subgroups. During starter period, birds have been fed with recommended or reduced Ca and AvP levels of 66.7 g/kg and 62.5 g/kg, respectively. Calcium and AvP contents of the groups have been as follows: Control, 8.70 g/kg Ca - 4.40 g/kg AvP for grower and 7.80 g/kg Ca - 3.90 g/kg AvP for finisher; LCP1, 8.30 g/kg Ca - 4.20 g/kg AvP for grower and 7.10 g/kg Ca - 3.50 g/kg AvP for finisher; LPC2, 7.90 g/kg Ca - 4.00 g/kg AvP for grower and 6.00 g/kg Ca - 3.00 g/kg AvP for finisher; LPC3, 7.00 g/kg Ca - 3.80 g/kg for grower and 5.00 g/kg Ca - 3.00 g/kg AvP for finisher. Performance parameters have been calculated from the data of each period, and samples have been taken from the slaughtered birds at the final of trial (42nd d) for carcass and tibia traits and jejunum histomorphology. Reducing dietary Ca and AvP did not affect the broiler performance, carcass yield, and mortality. Tibia ash decreased in LCP2 and LCP3 groups (P<0.01). Villus width and villus surface area increased in LCP2 and LCP3. Overall, feeding with a diet 100 g/kg lower than the recommended Ca and AvP did not affect performance in broilers, but improved jejunal development.
Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on common carp: Insights into blood parameters, DNA damage, and gene expression
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Acar, Ümit; İnanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye
lastics are ubiquitous in modern society due to their cost-effectiveness, lightweight nature, and versatility. However, their extensive use and inadequate recycling have led to a significant environmental challenge, with plastic waste accumulating rapidly and causing ecological and health problems, especially in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics, particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm, have emerged as a particularly concerning subset due to their ability to easily penetrate biological barriers and accumulate in tissues. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of carboxylate-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a species often used in ecotoxicology research due to its ability to accumulate pollutants. The PS-NPs were characterized, and their effects on DNA damage gene expression related to oxidative stress and immunity were examined. PS-NPs with a diameter of 20–30 nm were found to possess a spherical shape and negatively charged surfaces. Exposure to PS-NPs led to significant DNA damage in the blood and brain cells of common carp, with higher concentrations resulting in more severe damage. Additionally, PS-NP exposure influenced the expression of genes related to antioxidative defense and stress response in the liver. Specifically, genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) showed upregulation, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibited downregulation at higher PS-NP concentrations. Furthermore, the immune-related genes interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) displayed dose-dependent downregulation in the liver tissue. These findings suggest that exposure to PS-NPs induces oxidative stress, disrupts immune responses, and causes DNA damage in common carp. The results highlight the need for further research on the environmental impacts of PS-NPs and underscore the importance of proper waste management and recycling practices to mitigate plastic pollution.
Influence of the Dietary Supplement of Protected Calcium Butyrate in Growing Japanese Quail Diets on Performance, Carcass Parameters, Blood Serum Biochemical Status, Meat Quality, and Jejunum Histomorphology
(Ankara University, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Bayraktaroğlu, Alev Gürol; Kara, Kanber; Aksoy, Neşe Hayat; Cufadar, Yusuf
The effect of protected calcium butyrate (PCB) supplemented at different amounts on performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical values, jejunum histomorphology, and meat traits in Japanese quails were determined. One-day-old unsexed Japanese quails were divided into four groups with seven replicates of seven birds. A conventional corn and soybean meal-based diet was formulated, and all groups’ diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg PCB respectively for 42 days. From the results, PCB supplementation significantly improved body weight (BW) on the 21st day, body weight gain (BWG) between 0 to 21 days, hot carcass yield (HCY), and relative weights of the hearth. Similarly, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and villus height (VH) levels were lower in PCB-supplemented groups. Besides, PCB supplementation in Japanese quails decreased the villus-crypt rate (VCR) except for the control and the group fed with 2.0 g/kg PCB. This study showed that dietary PCB supplementation in Japanese quails’ diet improved growth performance in young chicks and carcass yield, BUN, and lipid profile. On the other hand, the supplementation did not affect the antioxidant status, homocysteine, and folic acid values in blood and meat traits
Effects of Boric Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters, Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
(Springer, 2024) Öz, Mustafa
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a starting weight of 397.28 ± 3.21 g were fed different ratios (G1-0.00%, G2-0.010%, G3-0.025%, and G4-0.050%) of boric acid-supplemented feed for 140 days. The effects of dietary boric acid on oxidative stress parameters, growth performance, haematology and some biochemical parameters were investigated after the feeding period. The addition of boric acid to trout feed positively affected growth performance; the final weights of the groups were 928.15 ± 5.73 g, 955.87 ± 8.67 g, 994.24994,75 ± 7.46 g, and 976.80976,80 ± 6.26 g for the control group and the three experimental groups, respectively. The lowest feed conversation ratio (FCR) was 1.19 (G3) whereas the highest was 1.42 (G1). The lowest protein efficiency ratio was 1.63 (G1), while the highest was 1.95 (G3). In this study, it was observed that boric acid added to the feed changed muscle and blood oxidative stress parameters in rainbow trout, increased the growth performance of rainbow trout, and affected blood and biochemistry values.
Dietary supplementation with mushroom powder (Agaricus bisporus) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and bone biomechanical properties of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Sevim, Behlül; Ünal, Kübra; Olgun, Osman; Gökmen, Seyit Ahmet
This study was performed to determine the effect of mushroom powder (MP) (Agaricus bisporus) supplementation on growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 300 unsexed 1-day-old Japanese quails with similar body weights (8.38 ± 0.2 g) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with six replications. Additions of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% of MP to the basal diet were used to develop the treatment groups. Quails were fed ad libitum for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, 12 quails from each experimental unit were euthanised to determine performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and bone biochemical properties. Results showed that all dietary MP did not negatively affect any performance parameters (P > 0.05), while by the third week of life, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight and body weight gain in the quails of the 0.75% MP group compared to the control group. Nevertheless, these differences disappeared at the end of the trial (P > 0.05). No differences were observed (P > 0.05) for any of the studied carcass traits, except for the pancreas weight which decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of high MP (1.00%). Regarding meat quality, all color parameters were affected on the fifth day of sampling (P < 0.05) but not on the first day (P > 0.05). It was detected that the breast of the quails in group 0.75% MP had the highest L* value and the lowest a* value. While the breast of the 1.00% MP group had the highest b value and the lowest pH value. Dietary MP enhanced oxidative stability, reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the breast compared to the control at both sampling points (P < 0.01), being more noted on the fifth day of sampling. Bone biomechanical properties (in terms of shear force or shear stress) were improved (P < 0.01) with the dietary addition of MP at 0.75% compared to the control. It can be suggested that MP is a secure ingredient in animal feed without negatively affecting performance parameters, carcass traits, or meat quality. Therefore, including an interval of 0.50–0.75% of MP in the diet of growing quails could be a suitable strategy to improve certain parameters such as the meat’s oxidative stability and the bone’s biomechanical parameters. Moreover, the efficacy of MP on performance development would be greater during the first weeks of the quails’ life due to their intestinal conditions at this stage.
Dietary supplementation of Agaricus bisporus by-products on development, egg production, egg quality, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in laying quails
(Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2024) Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Sevim, Behlül
The effect of dietary supplementation with Agaricus bisporus mushrooms powder (ABP) from by-products on the development, egg production, egg quality, and antioxidant yolk capacity of Japanese laying quail was assessed. A total of 100 female quails 20-week-old were allotted to 5 treatments (5 replications, 4 females each) and received a basal diet supplemented with six graded levels of ABP (0 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, 5.0 g/kg, 7.5 g/kg and 10.0 g/kg) according to ABP0, ABP25, ABP50, ABP75, and ABP100 groups for 70 days. The results indicated no adverse impact (P>0.05) of dietary ABP on production performance and egg internal quality. A quadratic effect was described for egg-breaking strength (P<0.05) and eggshell thickness (P<0.01), showing the highest values at a dose of 7.5 g/kg ABP. Compared to the control, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) yolk reduction was higher (quadratic) in the 5.0 g/kg ABP diet (P<0.001), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased linearly in all groups fed with ABP (P<0.001) as compared to the control group. The results suggest that the eggs from ABP quails could have an added value that would improve their marketability. The favourable findings of the current research demonstrate that including mushroom by-products in animal feed could reduce animal feed costs and reduce environmental damage.
Effects of glutamine on growth performance, nutrient content, fatty acid profile, and blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Öz, Mustafa; İnanan, Burak Evren; Karaşahin, Tahir; Dikel, Suat
In this study, different amounts of glutamine were added to the diet of rainbow trout, and they were then fed for a period of 90 days. The current research investigated the effects of glutamine on various aspects of rainbow trout, including growth performance, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, carcass composition, fatty acid profile, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters. The study's findings revealed that adding glutamine to the diet of rainbow trout had a beneficial impact on their growth features. The rainbow trout group that was fed a 2% concentration of glutamine experienced the most notable increase in growth rate. A statistically significant difference in growth was observed among all groups (p < 0.05). Adding glutamine to the diet increased the amount of protein and decreased the fat content in the flesh of the fish. Glutamine exerted an influence on the blood and biochemistry parameters of fish, as well as their fatty acid composition. In conclusion, the inclusion of glutamine in the diet of fish could potentially enhance their immune system, improve the quality of their muscles, and enhance their growth performance.
Assessment of oxidative stress and tissue damage in Echinococcus granulosus naturally infected bovine liver
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Antepli?oğlu, Tuğçe; Yapıcı, Tilbe Su; Dinçel, Güngör Çağdaş; Al-Olayan, Ebtesam; Alshahrani, Mohammad Y.; El-Ashram, Saeed
Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasite infects many livestock species, especially cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo, causing cystic echinococcosis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of the parasite and parasitic tissue damage histopathologically and to determine the role of oxidative stress in the tissue damage through the immunohistochemical detection of the oxidative damage-marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant response-marker superoxide dismutase (SOD). The material of the study consisted of 20 liver samples with Echinococcus cysts and 10 E.granulosus- negative healthy liver samples obtained from different cattle at various times from slaughterhouses in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Histopathologically, Echinococcus cysts of various sizes were observed along with the surrounding fibrous connective tissue. Giant cells, mononuclear cells, and eosinophilic leukocytes were found between the fibrous connective tissue and the cyst. In the parenchymal tissue distant from the cyst, inflammatory changes were observed, including vacuolation and necrosis in hepatocytes, congestion and dilation sinusoidal capillaries. Immunohistochemically, MDA immunopositivity was observed in both hepatocytes surrounding the cyst and areas distant from the cyst, while SOD immunopositivity was mainly detected in fibrous connective tissue and hepatocytes surrounding the Echinococcus cysts. A significant increase in MDA immunoreactivity was observed in E.granulosus s.l.-infected livers. Although no statistically significant change was observed in SOD immunopositivity in the liver tissues with cystic echinococcosis, regional variations were noted. Germinal layer (GL) of Echinococcus cyst showed immunopositive staining for MDA, while laminated layer (LL) exhibited immunonegative staining. To the authors' best understanding, this study represents a pioneering effort in showcasing and evaluating the immunoreactivities of MDA and SOD within the liver tissue afflicted with Echinococcus cysts. Simultaneously, the examination extends to encompass tissue damage and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. This study highlights the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) and the need for further investigation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and their regional variations.
Congenital feline tuberculosis: the first case report
(Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2024) Dağar, Osman; Ateş, Mehmet Burak; Ortatatlı, Mustafa; Öztürk, Fatih Mehmet
This study presents the first report of congenital tuberculosis in an 8-month-old male British Shorthair cat. The case was examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The cat was referred to a private veterinary clinic with general respiratory system problems and subsequent deterioration, leading to death. The cat owner granted permission for the cat necropsy and pathological examinations at Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye. During systemic necropsy, white round foci with diameters ranging from 3.00 to 5.00 mm were observed in the lung and spleen. Tissue samples were collected from the lung, spleen, liver, heart, kidney, mediastinal lymph nodes and brain for histopathological examinations. The tissues were subjected to routine histological tissue processing and sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen. Additionally, Mycobacterium spp. antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining. Microscopic examination revealed exudative tuberculosis lesions, areas of necrosis without a fibrous capsule and karyorrhectic cells only in the lung and spleen. Acid-resistant bacteria observed by ZN staining in the lesioned areas of the lung and spleen were identified as Mycobacterium spp. using immunohistochemical staining. No positive staining was observed in other organs using ZN and immunohistochemical methods. As a result, congenital tuberculosis was diagnosed in a cat for the first time, especially in relation to lesions in the spleen
Impacts of Bacillus probiotics on productive performance and egg quality criteria in laying Japanese quails
(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Cufadar, Yusuf; Beyari, Eman A.; Hassoubah, Shahira A.; Curabay, Barışcan; Sevim, Behlül; Aksoy, Adil; Alfassam, Haifa E.
The present study aimed to determine the effects of adding Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to laying quail diets on performance, egg quality, and internal organ weights. We used 96 laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) at 12 wk of age. The birds were divided into 3 treatment groups (32 quails per group), each divided into 8 replicates (4 quails per replicate). The research was carried out in 3 periods of 28 d each. We used 3 diets; the 1st group served as a control group, receiving only a basal diet. The 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received 0.1% (1×109 CFU/g) B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens as an addition to the basal diet, respectively. Adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not influence the performance parameters statistically. Also, adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens significantly (p < 0.05) impacted the albumen index, Haugh unit, and egg yolk compared to the control group. In contrast, the applied Bacillus species did not affect other egg quality parameter values. The addition of B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not significantly influence body weight, heart weight, liver weight, gizzard weight, small intestine length, and cecum length among the slaughter parameters examined. Adding 0.1% (1 × 109 CFU/g), of B. amyloliquefaciens to the laying quail diets can be used without causing a significant difference in performance, egg quality characteristics, and visceral weights compared to the control group.
Preventive and therapeutic effects of the peel powder of P. granatum in a rat sepsis model
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, 2023) Ülker, Ufuk; Demirel, Murside Ayşe; Bayraktar, Bülent; Alçığır, Mehmet Eray
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the treatment potential of Punica granatum L. peel powder in an experimentally induced sepsis model in rats. Sepsis was induced in 10-week-old, male, Wistar Albino (n=24) rats. The animals were divided into four groups: Sham-operated (S) Group, Control (C) Group, Treatment-1 (T1) Group, and Treatment-2 (T2) Group. To induce the sepsis model, the cecal ligation and puncture procedure was performed. The P. granatum peel powder (200 mg/kg; per os) was applied one hour before (T1) and 10 hours after (T2) surgery in a volume of 2 mL. At the end of the experimental procedure, microbial and histopathological analyses were performed. The histopathological scores on the liver, lungs, heart, kidney, spleen, and pancreas were evaluated. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli + S. aureus were isolated from blood cultures. Severe bacteria were detected in the blood of the group C animals. It was found that there were fewer bacteria in groups T1 (n=2) and T2 (n=4) compared with group C. There were no lesions in the pancreas tissues of any groups. Vascular changes, degeneration, and necrosis were common in the organs in all cases of group C compared to group S. The findings in group T1 were similar to those in group C, however, it was seen in fewer animals. It was determined that there was a general improvement in group T2, and in addition the existing lesions were moderate in severity. In conclusion, P. granatum L. peel powder prevented CLP-induced lung injury in experimental rats. Thus, P. granatum L. peel powder may be an alternative therapeutic agent against lung tissue injury induced by sepsis. The recovery from inflammation was better in group T2 than in the other groups. According to the results of the current study, P. granatum peel powder was found to be effective in the treatment of sepsis with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory functions.
Performance and meat quality characteristics of male quails (Coturnix coturnixjaponica) fed diets supplemented with pomegranate seed oil
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2023) Sarmiento-Garcia, Ainhoa; Gökmen, Seyit A.; Sevim, Behlül; Olgun, Osman
Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) is a nutritive, antioxidant-rich by-product, and it has been tested as a feed ingredient for livestock. However, studies on quails are scarce. The current study investigated that the effect of PSO on the performance and meat instrumental quality of quails. Area of study: Turkiye. Material and methods: A total of 60 seventy-day-old male quails were equally subjected to 3 dietary treatments con-sisting of 20 birds (5 replicates with 4 birds each). The quails were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 pomegranate seed oil (PSO). After 10 weeks, two birds per subgroup were randomly selected and slaughtered. Main results: Supplementation of PSO reduced (p<0.05) feed intake and body weight gain linearly. However, there was no significant effect of PSO on carcass traits. For color parameters, the L* and b* values of breast and thigh meat increased with the addition of PSO to the diet (p<0.05). Cooking losses were highest in the thigh of quails fed 200 mg kg-1 PSO. On the other hand, in the breast, the lowest values for this parameter were observed in the groups that had received 100 mg kg-1 of PSO. Research highlights: Including 100 mg kg-1 of PSO can improve some meat quality characteristics without affecting performance parameters. There is a possibility that meat quality could be negatively affected by values higher than this. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine the optimal dose of PSO to improve quail meat quality and its performance.
Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and coated calcium butyrate on performance, carcass parameters, blood biochemistry and meat quality of growing Japanese quails
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC-INIA), 2023) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, Behlül; Olgun, Osman; Küçükersan, Seher
Despite previous research into mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) and calcium butyrate coated with palm oil (CCB) in poultry, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the effects of these feed additives, either individually or in combination, on the growth performance, carcass values, blood biochemistry, immune response, and meat quality of growing Japanese quails. Area of study: Türkiye. Material and methods: A total of 168 mixed-sex one-day-old quails were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups, with each group containing 7 birds per cage. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the treatment groups received the following additives: 1 g/kg of CCB, 2 g/kg of MOS, and a combination of MOS+CCB added to the basal diet, respectively. Main results: None of the treatments had a significant impact on performance, relative organ weights, total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein lipase concentrations in blood serum, or humoral immunity on day 28. However, the inclusion of MOS and CCB in the diet, either individually or in combination, increased carcass yield and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood serum. Additionally, these additives helped maintain optimal pH levels and lower malondialdehyde concentrations in the breast meat. Moreover, the combination of MOS + CCB significantly improved water holding capacity and antibody titers against the Newcastle Disease vaccine on day 42 in Japanese quails. Research highlights: The natural feed additives CCB and MOS contribute to enhanced carcass yield, improved meat quality, and strengthened humoral immunity, while simultaneously lowering lipid values in the bloodstream.
ADAMTS-13 and HMGB1-induced oxidative stress in Taenia multiceps-infected animals
(Nature Research, 2023) Dinçel, Güngör Çağdaş; Yavuz, Orhan; Yıldirım, Serkan; Al-Olayan, Ebtesam M.
This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress (OS), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), ADAMTS (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs), and neuropathology associated with coenurus cerebralis (Taenia multiceps). ADAMTS-13, HMGB1, glutathione reductase (GR), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) expression levels were studied. The study found that ADAMTS-13 (P < 0.005), HMGB1 (P < 0.005), GR (P < 0.005), Cu/Zn SOD (P < 0.005), and 8-OHdG (P < 0.005) levels were significantly higher in T. multiceps (c. cerebralis)-infected animals compared to healthy control animals. This study's most important finding was that HMGB1 up-regulation in neurons, endothelial cells, and glial cells can directly cause brain parenchymal destruction and that HMGB1-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the neuropathogenesis of coenurosis. The results also showed that increased levels of ADAMTS-13 may play a pivotal role in regulating and protecting the blood–brain barrier integrity and neuroprotection. These findings also suggest that ADAMTS-13 and HMGB1 compete in the prevention or formation of microthrombi, which was regarded as a remarkable finding. ADAMTS-13 and HMGB1 are valuable biomarkers for disease risk assessment, estimating host neuropathy following T. multiceps (c. cerebralis) exposure, and providing a new therapeutic target. This is the first study to show that HMGB1 and ADAMTS-13 are expressed in reactive cells and are associated with neuroimmunopathology in coenurosis.
An in vitro antimicrobial activity of Beauveria bassiana secondary metabolites
(University of Agriculture, 2023) Aksoy, Adil; Dmour, Saif M.; Qaralleh, Haitham; Alwaneen, Waleed S.; Farsi, Reem M.; Alreemi, Roaa M.; El Hindi, Mahmoud W.; Mosleh, Farida N.; Mazloom, Sabreen El; Priskaningrum, Almira M.
Fungi are organisms that provide various environmental services. Beauveria (B.) bassiana (Order: Hypocreales, Family: Cordycipitaceae) is an example of an entomopathogenic fungus developed and used for many agricultural, biomedical, and medicinal purposes. A crude extract of B. bassiana was made using a culture broth to test its antimicrobial effects against several animal pathogenic bacteria, comprising Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae, Escherichia (E.) coli, and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and fungi (Candida (C.) albicans). In 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, a liquid median (100 ml) was infected with 1 ml of an aqueous conidial suspension (107 conidia/ml). The flasks were incubated at 27.2°C on a rotary shaker (180 rpm) for seven days. The fermented broth was filtered to remove the biomass and obtain a crude extract of B. bassiana at various concentrations, which was later used for the disk diffusion method. Results demonstrated that the crude extracts effectively against the tested microorganisms and fungi. The B. bassiana extract showed an effect against K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, S. aureus, and E. coli with inhibition zones measuring 22, 23, 25, and 27 mm in diameter, respectively. The regression analysis indicated that each concentrate increase in B. bassiana culture filtrate showed a significant increase in the inhibition zone by 0.2342, 0.2330, 0.1909, and 0.2010 mm for the groups of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans, respectively. The amplification of the BbbsIS gene produced a single fragment of an approximate length of 156-190 bp. This study confirmed that the antimicrobial drug could be produced from B. bassiana extracts to prevent many diseases associated with microbial and fungal infections. It also developed an approach constructed by absolute PCR quantification for the expression of genes encoding the synthetase enzymes of the secondary metabolites viz., bassianolide (BbbslS), beauvericin (BbbeaS), and B-tubulin during the initial times of contagion.

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