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Evaluation of Sugar Beet Leave Extracts in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Diets: Effects on Blood and Semen Parameters
(Yunus Ömer BOYACI, 2019) İnanan, Burak Evren; Acar, Ümit
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the common agricultural crops in the world. After harvesting of its roots, sugar beetleaves (SBL) become waste in the field. SBL could cause some inflammation problems in the digestive tract of cattle anddecrease tasty of feed. This study was carried out to determine the effects of three different extracts from SBL on hematologicaland blood serum biochemical parameters, and semen quality of goldfish Carassius auratus. These extracts contained proteins,essential oils and carbohydrates from SBL were added to fish feed at ratios of 5 and 20 ‰. The serum total protein, glucoseand albumin values increased while cholesterol and liver enzymes activities decreased in all SBL extract groups. Also, thehighest hemoglobin values were found in the groups fed with the supplementations of the essential oils extract. Moreover, thelowest lipid peroxidation and the highest catalase activity levels of seminal plasma were found in these groups. Thesupplementations of the essential oils extract which contains phytol and vitamin E improved blood parameters and increasedthe motility parameters as well.
The New Mastitis Agents Emerged in Cattle in Turkey and An Investigation of Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility
(Afyon Kocatepe Üniv. Veteriner Fakültesi, 2019) Kenar, Beytullah; Aksoy, Adil; Köse, Zahide
There are new emerging cattle mastitis agents that have become a major burden economically on the dairy industry becauseof their negatively affects on production and quality in dairy cattle farming in Turkey,. To overcome this emerged problem,antimicrobials are adopted in this sector to prevent and administrate mastitis and other bacterial infections affecting cattle inthe country. Nevertheless, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing in both animal and humancontaminants. The occurrence and features of AMR of the emerging cattle mastitis agents in dairy cattle in Turkey, have beenmanifested. As a result, the goal of this research was to assess secluded emerging cattle mastitis agents in Turkey and toappraise the antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens. Sixty one milk samples from cattle wwith mastitis were collectedbetween 2014 and 2018 for assessment of clinical mastitis in diagnostic and analysis laboratory of Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine, Afyon Kocatepe University. Twenty five microorganism species arised as cattle mastitis agents were assessed inthese milk samples. The outcomes of the present study identified the necessity for advancements in antimicrobialstewardship as well as infection administration plans in Turkish farms to decrease the occurence of AMR. VITEKCompact® 2 systemmethod showed that Streptococcus uberis had the maximum AMR while Globicatella sulfidifaciens had theminimum AMR. The study depicts that the number of cattle mastitis is directly proportional to the size of the herd.
Bizans döneminde balıkçılık aktiviteleri ve mozaiklerde görülen balık türleri
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018) İnanan, Filiz; İnanan, Burak Evren
Birçok uygarlıkta, insan yaşamının önemli besin kaynaklarının bir bölümü deniz, gölve akarsulardan sağlanmıştır. Bizans döneminde de, farklı türdeki balıklar ve ıstakoz,yengeç, ahtapot, salyangoz gibi diğer su ürünlerinin ağ, zıpkın, yaprak ve dallardanörülen sepetlerle yakalanmaktadır. Tutulan balıkların toptan ve perakende satışlarınınayrıntıları çok bilinmemekle birlikte, balık türlerinin fiyatları arasında fark bulunduğukayıtlıdır. Ayrıca, balıkçıların faaliyetleri, marketlerin işleyiş biçimi, rekabetortamının durumu, organizasyonların düzenlenişi, bireysel girişimlerin kurumlaraetkisi gibi konular hakkındaki bilgilere ulaşılabilmektedir. Balık ve bazı denizcanlılarının Bizans sofrası dışında maden, seramik ve tekstil atölyelerinde farklıbiçimlerde kullanıldığı, bazen dini sembol, bazen balıkçılık faaliyetleri içinde mozaikbetimlerde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bizans döneminde balıkçılık faaliyetleri ilebalığın farklı alanlardaki kullanımları konusunda bir değerlendiren bu çalışma ileBizans dönemindeki bahçe havuzlarında beslenen balık türlerinin günümüzdeakvaryum balıkçılığına yansıdığı saptanmaktadır. Ayrıca, avlanan balık türleridışında balıkların bir arada tutularak yemleme tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi,günümüzdeki balık yetiştiriciliği temel prensipleri ile örtüştüğü tespit edilmiştir.
Evaluation of the effect of red cabbage waste on performance, egg quality, and yolk oxidative stability of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, Behlül; Sırakaya, Selim; İriş, Canan; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This study investigates the effects of red cabbage waste (RCW) as a dietary supplement on the performance, egg quality, and oxidative stability of yolk in laying Japanese quails. Given its rich phenolic content, RCW has been investigated as a natural feed additive to reduce food waste and enhance poultry diets. In a six-week trial, 120 quails were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates and fed diets with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% RCW. Performance parameters, internal and external egg quality, and antioxidant status were measured. RCW supplementation had no significant impact on overall quail performance. Quails fed with 0.5% RCW showed notable improvements in internal egg quality, especially in the albumen index, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness. Additionally, incorporating 0.5% RCW into the diet improved the yolk’s antioxidant activity, as evidenced by reduced MDA levels. However, other egg quality traits, including the antioxidant capacity of the yolk, had deteriorated with concentrations above 0.5%, indicating that a moderate inclusion of 0.5% RCW is the most favourable option. The findings underscore that RCW could be sustainably used to improve egg quality without compromising performance, while managing food waste, presenting a potential circular economy solution. Nevertheless, further research is encouraged to optimize RCW levels and fully understand its benefits in poultry feed.
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil supplementation: impact on performance, egg quality, serum, and faecal mineral content in laying partridges
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC-INIA), 2025) Başer, Eyüp; Sevim, Behlül; Akbulut, N. Kürşad; Çufadar, Yusuf; Halıcı, İbrahim; Kal, Yavuz; Tekik, Havva; Gültekin, Meltem; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This study evaluated the impact of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) supplementation on performance, egg quality, and serum and faecal mineral composition in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). Area of study: Türkiye. Material and methods: Ninety-layer partridges, aged 32 weeks, were randomly assigned to five groups. Within each group, there were six replicates with three birds/replicate. The experimental design included a control group receiving a basal diet (0 mg/kg TEO) and four treatment groups with diets supplemented with TEO at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg over 56 days. Main results: The results showed no significant differences in performance parameters among the groups (p>0.05). However, egg production and mass were significantly higher in the 50 mg/kg TEO group than in the control group (p<0.01). Additionally, eggshell thickness and yolk index were improved in the 50 mg/kg group compared to the 100 mg/kg group (p<0.05). Serum and faecal mineral compositions did not differ significantly among the experimental groups (p>0.05). Research highlights: These results suggest that incorporating TEO at 50 mg/kg into the diet of chukar partridges may be optimal, as higher concentrations could potentially interfere with nutrient absorption and negatively affect partridge attributes. Nevertheless, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of TEO´s active ingredients in partridge feed.
Optimization of Carbon and Nitrogen Source on the Production of Pectinase Enzymes in Solid-state Fermentation by Cyberlindnera fabianii UNJCC Y-144 and Candida tropicalis UNJCC Y-148-149 Isolated from Lai Fruit
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2025) Sukmawati, Dalia; Hasanah, Rifdah; Adisyahputra; Husna, Shabrina Nida Al; Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina; Aksoy, Adil; El-Enshasy, Hesham Ali
Yeasts are prevalent on the surfaces and within the pulp of ripening fruits, where they utilize available sugars and nutrients to thrive. This study focuses on the endemic Lai fruit (Durio sp.) from Kalimantan, Indonesia, which contains pectin, a key substrate for pectinolytic yeasts. The activity of these yeasts, particularly in producing pectinase enzymes, is influenced by the carbon and nitrogen resources present in the fruit. We aimed to evaluate the effects of varying carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, and pectin) and nitrogen sources (peptone, urea, and ammonium chloride) on the pectinase activity of yeasts isolated from Lai fruit. In our screening, five out of twenty yeast isolates demonstrated pectinase production, with three isolates UNJCC Y-144, UNJCC Y-148, and UNJCC Y-149 selected for further analysis. The initial screening revealed pectinolytic index values of 0.55 ± 0.07 mm, 0.45 ± 0.02 mm, and 0.49 ± 0.06 mm for UNJCC Y-144, UNJCC Y-148, and UNJCC Y-149, respectively. Molecular identification confirmed that UNJCC Y-144 is Cyberlindnera fabianii (100% homology), while UNJCC Y-148 and UNJCC Y-149 are Candida tropicalis (100% and 99.83% homology, respectively). Notably, Cyberlindnera fabianii UNJCC Y-144 exhibited the enzyme activity (EA) in a medium lacking pectin, ranging from 48.68 ± 2.84 to 32.05 ± 2.46 U/mL. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing local yeasts for biotechnological applications in enzyme production, particularly in the food industry, where pectinase plays a critical role in processing fruit and improving juice extraction efficiency.
Impact of manganese hydroxychloride on egg quality, antioxidant capacity, bone characteristics, and mineral excretion in laying quail
(The University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 2024) Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Gül, Esra Tuğçe; Gökmen, Fatih; Yıldız, Alpönder; Uygur, Veli; Sevim, Behlül; Sarmiento-Garcia, Ainhoa
This research investigated the impact of different concentrations of manganese hydroxychloride (MnH) on productive performance, egg quality, antioxidant status, tibia characteristics, and mineral excretion in laying quails. A total of 125 female ten-week-old female quails, were divided into five groups with five subgroups, each containing five quails. The birds were fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with different levels of MnH (containing 55 g/100 g Mn) at 18.86 mg/kg (basal diet), 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg for twelve weeks. Results indicated that MnH supplementation enhanced egg production and feed intake (P < 0.05) compared to the non-supplemented group. The optimal eggshell quality, including shell- breaking strength, thickness, and weight, was observed at 80 mg/kg MnH (P<0.01) compared to the basal diet. Regarding the antioxidant capacity in the yolk, the yolk's 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value increased significantly (P<0.01) with 100 mg/kg MnH supplementation, while malondialdehyde (MDA) values remained unaffected across all groups. Increasing dietary MnH levels elevated Mn excretion in faeces and reduced copper levels (P<0.01). However, MnH addition adversely affected tibia biomechanical properties compared to the basal diet (P<0.01), with no significant impact on tibia mineral accumulation (P>0.05). These results suggest that including 80 mg/kg MnH in laying quail diets would be adequate to improve certain aspects of production and eggshell quality, although its impact on bone parameters requires further investigation.
Effects of Supplemental Melon Peel Powder on Laying Performance, Egg Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Layer Quails
(Fundacao APINCO de Ciencia e Tecnologia Avicolas, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, B.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of melon peel powder (MPP) as a supplement on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails. Melon peels are by-products of melon production and are rich in polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids that can improve quail performance and egg quality. The study was conducted over six weeks using 120 female Japanese quails with comparable body weights, aged 42 days. MPP was provided to the group diets at inclusion levels of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0%, and 2.0%. The study indicated that MPP supplementation did not improve laying performance, external egg quality parameters, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, or yolk cholesterol levels. However, MPP supplementation improved the internal quality of eggs, as shown by the higher yolk color score and higher yolk carotenoid levels. The antioxidant capacity of eggs was also improved by MPP supplementation. In conclusion, MPP supplementation in laying quail diets positively affected egg internal quality and egg yolk antioxidant status. A 2.0% dietary supplementation of MPP is recommended for laying quails. Further studies will be needed to understand the effects of MPP on metabolism and blood biochemical traits in poultry.
The effect of different sodium bentonite levels on chemical composition, microbiological composition and lactic acid levels of pumpkin waste silage
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Sırakaya, Selim; Kılınç, Gözde
Pumpkin residue could be used as silage in animal nutrition, yet ensiling is challenging due to its high moisture content, which can negatively impact the process and produce mycotoxins. Sodium bentonite (SB) has high water-absorbing capacity and have been used in pellet feed manufacturing for ruminant and monogastric animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding two different levels of SB to pumpkin residue silage on its chemical composition, silage quality, microbiota, and lactic acid levels. The pumpkin residues were ensiled with 0%, 1%, and 2% SB in four replicates for three months. The analysis showed that the addition of SB significantly reduced crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Fleig point and lactic acid levels, yet increased crude ash (CA), dry matter content (DM) and pH values. Microbial counts for yeast-mould and lactic acid bacteria were highest in the control group. Conversely, the %1 SB supplemented silages exhibited the lowest levels of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Thus, using SB as a silage additive reduce yeast and mold, however it also reduced nutritional value and lactic acid amount in the silage. Further research can investigate the optimal level of SB for different types of silage to improve their quality and shelf life.
The investigation of the fermentative, chemical and microbial Eefects of grape and tangerine pomace added to high moisture alfalfa silage
(Sezer ÖZ, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Ünal, Yüce; Yavuz, Musa; Sırakaya, Selim; Sevim, Behlül; Ayaşan, Tugay
This study investigated the impact of grape pulp (GRP) and tangerine pulp (TNP) supplementation (10% each) on alfalfa silage quality. The control silage received no additives. After a two-month fermentation period, silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, fermentation quality, microflora, and organic acids. According to our results, both silage additives effectively lowered pH levels and isobutyric acid, while increased Fleig score and lactic acid levels compared to control group. However, GRP supplementation significantly increased the levels of crude protein (CP), yeast-mold colony count, and butyric acid levels. Conversely, TNP supplementation resulted in higher levels of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), valeric acid and lower acetic acid levels in the alfalfa silage samples. In conclusion, both GRP and TNP supplements have distinct effects on the chemical composition, silage quality, microflora, and organic acid profiles of alfalfa silage. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing alfalfa silage production and its utilization in animal nutrition. Further research could explore optimal inclusion rates and potential synergistic effects with other additives to enhance silage quality.
Effects of captan, mancozeb and azoxystrobin fungicides on motility, oxidative stress and fatty acid profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa
(Elsevier, 2024) Gündüz, Sami; İnanan, Burak Evren
An in vitro study using rainbow trout spermatozoa was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations of captan (CPT), mancozeb (MCZ), and azoxystrobin (AZX) fungicides on motility parameters, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH inhibition. Moreover, changes in fatty acids profiles caused by the fungicides were determined for the first time. The results revealed that motility parameters, SOD activities, TAC values, and DPPH inhibitions decreased significantly while lipid peroxidation increased after ?2 µg/L of CPT, ?1 µg/L of MCZ, and ?5 µg/L of AZX incubations for 2 h at 4 °C. Additionally, 10 µg/L CPT, 5 µg/L MCZ, and 200 µg/L AZX reduced motility to the 50 % level. Our results clearly demonstrated significant changes in the fatty acids profiles of spermatozoa exposed to these concentrations of the fungicides. The highest lipid peroxidation and the lowest monounsaturated and polyunsaturated saturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) were detected in AZX. Even though the susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative damage is generally attributed to PUFA contents, the results of this study have represented that MUFA content could play a part in this tendency. Moreover, the lower concentration of MCZ reduced motility to the % 50 level while it deteriorated the fatty acids profile less than did AZX. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the detrimental effects of the fungicides on mitochondrial respiration and related enzymes have more priority than oxidative stress in terms of their toxicities on spermatozoa. It has also been suggested that fish spermatozoa are a good model for determining changes in the fatty acid profiles by fungicides, probably, by other pesticides and environmental contaminants as well.
Efficacy of liver free and Chitosan against Eimeria tenella in chickens
(BMC, 2024) Yu, Zhang; Alouffi, Abdülaziz; Al-Olayan, Ebtsam; Dinçel, Güngör Çağdaş; Tellez-Isaias, Guillermo; Castellanos-Huerta, Inkar; Graham, Danielle; Petrone-Garcia, Victor M.
Eimeria spp. are the pathogen that causes coccidiosis, a significant disease that affects intensively reared livestock, especially poultry. Anticoccidial feed additives, chemicals, and ionophores have routinely been employed to reduce Eimeria infections in broiler production. Therefore, the shift to antibiotic-free and organic farming necessitates novel coccidiosis preventive strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of potential feed additives, liver free and chitosan, against Eimeria tenella infection in White Leghorn broiler female chickens. One hundred sixty-five 1-dayold White Leghorn broiler female chicks were divided into 11 groups (15 female chicks per group), including the positive control group (G1), the negative control group (G2), a chitosan-treated group (G3), a chitosan-treatedinfected group (G4), the liver free-treated group (G5), the liver free-treated-infected group (G6), the liver free-andchitosan-treated group (G7), the liver free-and-chitosan-infected group (G8), the therapeutic liver free-and-chitosantreated-infected group (G9), the sulfaquinoxaline-treated group (G10), and the sulfaquinoxaline-treated-infected group (G11). Chitosan was fed to the chicks in G3 and G4 as a preventative measure at a dose of 250 mg/kg. The G5 and G6 groups received 1.5 mg/kg of Liverfree. The G7 and G8 groups received chitosan and Liverfree. The G10 and G11 groups were administered 2 g/L of sulfaquinoxaline. From the moment the chicks arrived at Foshan University (one-day-old chicks) until the completion of the experiment, all medications were given to them as a preventative measure. G8 did; however, receive chitosan and liver free as therapeutic supplements at 7 dpi. The current study showed that the combination of liver free and chitosan can achieve better prophylactic and therapeutic effects than either alone. In E. tenella challenged chickens, G8 and G9 chickens showed reduced oocyst shedding and lesion score, improved growth performance (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate), and cecal histology. The current study demonstrates that combining liver free and chitosan has superior preventive and therapeutic benefits than either alone, and they could also be used as alternative anticoccidial agents.
Effect of using hydroxychloride as a copper source on performance, eggshell quality, tibia properties, mineral excretion, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in layer quails
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Gül, Esra Tu?çe; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Gökmen, Fatih; Yıldız, Alpönder; Uygur, Veli; Sevim, Behlül; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
This research aimed to examine the impact of varying levels of dietary copper (Cu) hydroxychloride on the performance, egg quality, yolk antioxidant capacity, tibia traits, and mineral excretion in laying quails. 125 female 10-week-old quails were randomly distributed into five experimental groups with 5 replicates, each consisting of 5 quails. Five experimental isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed to contain different Cu hydroxychloride (54% Cu) levels at 7.20 (basal diet), 15, 30,45, and 60 mg/kg respectively. Quails were fed with trial diets for 12 weeks. Performance, egg production, eggshell quality, and biomechanical traits of the tibia were not impacted (P>0.005) by variations in dietary Cu levels. Yolk antioxidant capacity, measured as yolk DPPH value, exhibited an increase (P<0.01) in the high-dose group (60 mg/kg). Regarding tibia mineral concentration, Cu concentration decreased linearly (P<0.001) with increasing Cu level, manganese and zinc content recorded the highest values in quails that had received 60 mg/kg Cu in the diet (P<0.01), while the lowest phosphorus content was described for 45 and 60 mg/kg. Contrarily, increases (P<0.01) in dietary Cu resulted in raised faecal Cu content, while phosphorus, manganese, and zinc, were reduced when Cu was added. It can be inferred that adding Cu to the diet of laying quails would not be necessary, which in turn decreases Cu excretion and prevents substantial environmental harm.
Effect of corn-soybean meal based diets with low calcium and available phosphorus in male broilers on performance, tibia criteria and jejunum histomorphology
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Olgun, Osman; Cufadar, Yusuf; Gül, Esra Tu?çe; Ahmet Gökmen, Seyit; Sevim, Behlül
This trial has been conducted to determine the effect of reducing calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (AvP) on performance, carcass yield, tibia traits, and jejunum histomorphology in broilers. For this purpose, 480 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks have been distributed to 4 trial groups with 8 subgroups. During starter period, birds have been fed with recommended or reduced Ca and AvP levels of 66.7 g/kg and 62.5 g/kg, respectively. Calcium and AvP contents of the groups have been as follows: Control, 8.70 g/kg Ca - 4.40 g/kg AvP for grower and 7.80 g/kg Ca - 3.90 g/kg AvP for finisher; LCP1, 8.30 g/kg Ca - 4.20 g/kg AvP for grower and 7.10 g/kg Ca - 3.50 g/kg AvP for finisher; LPC2, 7.90 g/kg Ca - 4.00 g/kg AvP for grower and 6.00 g/kg Ca - 3.00 g/kg AvP for finisher; LPC3, 7.00 g/kg Ca - 3.80 g/kg for grower and 5.00 g/kg Ca - 3.00 g/kg AvP for finisher. Performance parameters have been calculated from the data of each period, and samples have been taken from the slaughtered birds at the final of trial (42nd d) for carcass and tibia traits and jejunum histomorphology. Reducing dietary Ca and AvP did not affect the broiler performance, carcass yield, and mortality. Tibia ash decreased in LCP2 and LCP3 groups (P<0.01). Villus width and villus surface area increased in LCP2 and LCP3. Overall, feeding with a diet 100 g/kg lower than the recommended Ca and AvP did not affect performance in broilers, but improved jejunal development.
Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on common carp: Insights into blood parameters, DNA damage, and gene expression
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Acar, Ümit; İnanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye
lastics are ubiquitous in modern society due to their cost-effectiveness, lightweight nature, and versatility. However, their extensive use and inadequate recycling have led to a significant environmental challenge, with plastic waste accumulating rapidly and causing ecological and health problems, especially in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics, particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm, have emerged as a particularly concerning subset due to their ability to easily penetrate biological barriers and accumulate in tissues. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of carboxylate-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a species often used in ecotoxicology research due to its ability to accumulate pollutants. The PS-NPs were characterized, and their effects on DNA damage gene expression related to oxidative stress and immunity were examined. PS-NPs with a diameter of 20–30 nm were found to possess a spherical shape and negatively charged surfaces. Exposure to PS-NPs led to significant DNA damage in the blood and brain cells of common carp, with higher concentrations resulting in more severe damage. Additionally, PS-NP exposure influenced the expression of genes related to antioxidative defense and stress response in the liver. Specifically, genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) showed upregulation, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibited downregulation at higher PS-NP concentrations. Furthermore, the immune-related genes interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) displayed dose-dependent downregulation in the liver tissue. These findings suggest that exposure to PS-NPs induces oxidative stress, disrupts immune responses, and causes DNA damage in common carp. The results highlight the need for further research on the environmental impacts of PS-NPs and underscore the importance of proper waste management and recycling practices to mitigate plastic pollution.
Influence of the Dietary Supplement of Protected Calcium Butyrate in Growing Japanese Quail Diets on Performance, Carcass Parameters, Blood Serum Biochemical Status, Meat Quality, and Jejunum Histomorphology
(Ankara University, 2024) Gümüş, Erinç; Bayraktaroğlu, Alev Gürol; Kara, Kanber; Aksoy, Neşe Hayat; Cufadar, Yusuf
The effect of protected calcium butyrate (PCB) supplemented at different amounts on performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical values, jejunum histomorphology, and meat traits in Japanese quails were determined. One-day-old unsexed Japanese quails were divided into four groups with seven replicates of seven birds. A conventional corn and soybean meal-based diet was formulated, and all groups’ diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg PCB respectively for 42 days. From the results, PCB supplementation significantly improved body weight (BW) on the 21st day, body weight gain (BWG) between 0 to 21 days, hot carcass yield (HCY), and relative weights of the hearth. Similarly, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and villus height (VH) levels were lower in PCB-supplemented groups. Besides, PCB supplementation in Japanese quails decreased the villus-crypt rate (VCR) except for the control and the group fed with 2.0 g/kg PCB. This study showed that dietary PCB supplementation in Japanese quails’ diet improved growth performance in young chicks and carcass yield, BUN, and lipid profile. On the other hand, the supplementation did not affect the antioxidant status, homocysteine, and folic acid values in blood and meat traits
Effects of Boric Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters, Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
(Springer, 2025) Öz, Mustafa
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a starting weight of 397.28 ± 3.21 g were fed different ratios (G1-0.00%, G2-0.010%, G3-0.025%, and G4-0.050%) of boric acid-supplemented feed for 140 days. The effects of dietary boric acid on oxidative stress parameters, growth performance, haematology and some biochemical parameters were investigated after the feeding period. The addition of boric acid to trout feed positively affected growth performance; the final weights of the groups were 928.15 ± 5.73 g, 955.87 ± 8.67 g, 994.24994,75 ± 7.46 g, and 976.80976,80 ± 6.26 g for the control group and the three experimental groups, respectively. The lowest feed conversation ratio (FCR) was 1.19 (G3) whereas the highest was 1.42 (G1). The lowest protein efficiency ratio was 1.63 (G1), while the highest was 1.95 (G3). In this study, it was observed that boric acid added to the feed changed muscle and blood oxidative stress parameters in rainbow trout, increased the growth performance of rainbow trout, and affected blood and biochemistry values.
Dietary supplementation with mushroom powder (Agaricus bisporus) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and bone biomechanical properties of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Sevim, Behlül; Ünal, Kübra; Olgun, Osman; Gökmen, Seyit Ahmet
This study was performed to determine the effect of mushroom powder (MP) (Agaricus bisporus) supplementation on growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 300 unsexed 1-day-old Japanese quails with similar body weights (8.38 ± 0.2 g) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with six replications. Additions of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% of MP to the basal diet were used to develop the treatment groups. Quails were fed ad libitum for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, 12 quails from each experimental unit were euthanised to determine performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and bone biochemical properties. Results showed that all dietary MP did not negatively affect any performance parameters (P > 0.05), while by the third week of life, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight and body weight gain in the quails of the 0.75% MP group compared to the control group. Nevertheless, these differences disappeared at the end of the trial (P > 0.05). No differences were observed (P > 0.05) for any of the studied carcass traits, except for the pancreas weight which decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of high MP (1.00%). Regarding meat quality, all color parameters were affected on the fifth day of sampling (P < 0.05) but not on the first day (P > 0.05). It was detected that the breast of the quails in group 0.75% MP had the highest L* value and the lowest a* value. While the breast of the 1.00% MP group had the highest b value and the lowest pH value. Dietary MP enhanced oxidative stability, reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the breast compared to the control at both sampling points (P < 0.01), being more noted on the fifth day of sampling. Bone biomechanical properties (in terms of shear force or shear stress) were improved (P < 0.01) with the dietary addition of MP at 0.75% compared to the control. It can be suggested that MP is a secure ingredient in animal feed without negatively affecting performance parameters, carcass traits, or meat quality. Therefore, including an interval of 0.50–0.75% of MP in the diet of growing quails could be a suitable strategy to improve certain parameters such as the meat’s oxidative stability and the bone’s biomechanical parameters. Moreover, the efficacy of MP on performance development would be greater during the first weeks of the quails’ life due to their intestinal conditions at this stage.
Dietary supplementation of Agaricus bisporus by-products on development, egg production, egg quality, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in laying quails
(Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2024) Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Sevim, Behlül
The effect of dietary supplementation with Agaricus bisporus mushrooms powder (ABP) from by-products on the development, egg production, egg quality, and antioxidant yolk capacity of Japanese laying quail was assessed. A total of 100 female quails 20-week-old were allotted to 5 treatments (5 replications, 4 females each) and received a basal diet supplemented with six graded levels of ABP (0 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, 5.0 g/kg, 7.5 g/kg and 10.0 g/kg) according to ABP0, ABP25, ABP50, ABP75, and ABP100 groups for 70 days. The results indicated no adverse impact (P>0.05) of dietary ABP on production performance and egg internal quality. A quadratic effect was described for egg-breaking strength (P<0.05) and eggshell thickness (P<0.01), showing the highest values at a dose of 7.5 g/kg ABP. Compared to the control, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) yolk reduction was higher (quadratic) in the 5.0 g/kg ABP diet (P<0.001), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased linearly in all groups fed with ABP (P<0.001) as compared to the control group. The results suggest that the eggs from ABP quails could have an added value that would improve their marketability. The favourable findings of the current research demonstrate that including mushroom by-products in animal feed could reduce animal feed costs and reduce environmental damage.
Effects of glutamine on growth performance, nutrient content, fatty acid profile, and blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Öz, Mustafa; İnanan, Burak Evren; Karaşahin, Tahir; Dikel, Suat
In this study, different amounts of glutamine were added to the diet of rainbow trout, and they were then fed for a period of 90 days. The current research investigated the effects of glutamine on various aspects of rainbow trout, including growth performance, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, carcass composition, fatty acid profile, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters. The study's findings revealed that adding glutamine to the diet of rainbow trout had a beneficial impact on their growth features. The rainbow trout group that was fed a 2% concentration of glutamine experienced the most notable increase in growth rate. A statistically significant difference in growth was observed among all groups (p < 0.05). Adding glutamine to the diet increased the amount of protein and decreased the fat content in the flesh of the fish. Glutamine exerted an influence on the blood and biochemistry parameters of fish, as well as their fatty acid composition. In conclusion, the inclusion of glutamine in the diet of fish could potentially enhance their immune system, improve the quality of their muscles, and enhance their growth performance.

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