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Öğe The impact of nutrition on oxidative stress in athletes(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Akay, Gülsena; Sözen, Ravza Nur; Öksüz, AbdullahExercise can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on oxidative stress, depending on factors such as intensity, duration, and individual characteristics. Particularly, high-intensity and prolonged physical activities increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may overwhelm endogenous antioxidant systems and lead to oxidative damage. Assessment of oxidative stress in athletes commonly involves biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation products [Malondialdehyde (MDA), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], protein and DNA oxidation indicators [8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], and antioxidant enzyme activities [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidases (GPx), Catalase (CAT)]. Changes in these parameters during or after exercise provide insight into the level of physiological stress. Nutrition plays a crucial role in the management of exercise-induced oxidative stress. Western-type diets, which are typically low in antioxidants and high in saturated fats and processed foods, tend to worsen oxidative stress. In contrast, dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and phytochemicals—such as the Mediterranean diet—have been shown to exert protective effects. Regular consumption of bioactive compounds like lycopene (tomatoes), polyphenols (grape juice, green tea, pomegranate, aronia, beetroot), tocopherols (nuts and seeds), and flavonoids (sour cherry, cocoa) can enhance antioxidant capacity and reduce exercise-induced oxidative damage. However, it is also emphasized that high-dose antioxidant supplementation may impair physiological adaptations and exert pro-oxidant effects. Therefore, a balanced and antioxidant-rich diet based on natural food sources offers a safe and effective approach for managing oxidative stress in athletes without the need for pharmacological interventions.Öğe A review of phenotypic carbapenemase detection methods(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Duman, Yücel; Akıneden, Altan; Türkel, SelçukCarbapenems are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant infections caused by Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria. However, the overuse of these antibiotics has led to the rise of carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB), which present significant treatment challenges. Carbapenem resistance is primarily mediated by the production of carbapenemase enzymes, which hydrolyze carbapenems and are often encoded by plasmids, facilitating horizontal gene transfer. Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms is crucial for effective antimicrobial stewardship and preventing the spread of resistance. Phenotypic methods for detecting carbapenemases include disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods, gradient diffusion, automated systems, and chromogenic media. More advanced techniques, such as the Carba NP test and immunochromatographic assays, provide rapid identification of resistance profiles, while spectrophotometric analysis detects enzymatic hydrolysis. The choice of method depends on sensitivity, specificity, and clinical context. Early and accurate detection allows for timely adjustments to treatment, optimizing patient outcomes and limiting the misuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.Öğe Relationship between the Spatial QRS-T angle and Syntax and Gensini Scores in patients with non-ST-elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Sökmen, Erdoğan; Yıldırım, AlpBackground: Frontal and spatial QRS-T angles reflect ventricular repolarization heterogeneity and may be associated with coronary artery disease severity. This study aimed to evaluate their relationship with SYNTAX and Gensini scores in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTMI) patients. Methods: A total of 1188 patients with NSTMI were retrospectively analyzed. Frontal and spatial QRS-T angles were calculated from 12-lead digital ECGs using the Rautaharju method. Correlation, univariate and multivariate linear regression, ROC, and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess their associations with SYNTAX and Gensini scores. Results: The spatial QRS-T angle was independently associated with SYNTAX and Gensini scores in multivariate linear regression, whereas the frontal QRS-T angle showed no significant association. Patients with SYNTAX score >32 had significantly higher spatial QRS-T angles. ROC analysis demonstrated that spatial QRS-T angle >105.2° predicted high SYNTAX scores with an AUC of 0.80. Logistic regression confirmed the spatial angle as an independent predictor of high SYNTAX score (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; p<0.001). Conclusion: The spatial QRS-T angle, but not the frontal angle, is a significant independent predictor of severe coronary artery disease in NSTMI patients. It may serve as a simple, non-invasive ECG marker for identifying patients with high atherosclerotic burden.Öğe Comparison of accommodation amplitude measured by autorefractometry and the negative lens test(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Sarıbaş, Ferhat; Deniz, Melike; Uyar, EnesPurpose: To compare accommodation amplitude (AA) values obtained using an objective technique (autorefractometry) with those derived from a subjective method (negative lens test). Methods: In this prospective study, 142 participants were stratified into two age groups: <40 years (Group 1) and ≥40 years (Group 2). The dominant eye of each subject was identified using the Miles test. AA was first measured with an autorefractometer (Tonoref III, NIDEK Co., Ltd.) and subsequently with the negative lens test. Anterior segment biometric parameters were also recorded with an optical biometer (LS‑900, Haag‑Streit AG, Switzerland). Measurements were analyzed according to refractive status within each age group. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 36.4 ± 11.9 years (range, 18–60). Mean AA determined by autorefractometry was 1.89 ± 1.74 D, significantly lower than that obtained with the negative lens test (6.01 ± 2.56 D; p<0.001). In Group 1, no significant differences in AA were observed among myopic (n=48), hyperopic (n=10), and emmetropic (n=25) subjects using either method (p=0.430 and p=0.320, respectively). In Group 2, autorefractometric AA was significantly higher in myopic (n=11) and emmetropic (n=18) eyes compared with hyperopic eyes (n=30) (p=0.030 and p=0.020), whereas there was no difference between myopic and emmetropic eyes (p=0.980). Negative lens test results showed no significant intergroup differences (p=0.200). Conclusions: AA values measured with the negative lens test are not interchangeable with those obtained by autorefractometry. Additionally, objective methods yield lower AA values in hyperopic individuals over 40 years of age.Öğe AI-Assisted knowledge assessment: comparison of ChatGPT and Gemini on undescended testicle in children(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Özdemir Kaçer, Emine; Tuşat, Mustafa; Kılıçaslan, Murat; Memiş, SebahattinThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in answering questions about undescended testis, as these AI tools can sometimes provide seemingly accurate but incorrect information, raising caution in medical applications. Methods: Researchers created 20 identical questions independently and submitted them to both ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini.A pediatrician and a pediatric surgeon evaluated the responses for accuracy, using the Johnson et al. scale (accuracy rated from 1 to 6 and completeness from 1 to 3).Responses that lacked content received a score of 0. Statistical analyses were performed using R Software (version 4.3.1) to assess differences in accuracy and consistency between the tools. Results: Both chatbots answered all questions, with ChatGPT achieving a median accuracy score of 5.5 and a mean score of 5.35, while Google Gemini had a median score of 6 and a mean of 5.5. Completeness was similar, with ChatGPT scoring a median of 3 and Google Gemini showing comparable performance. Conclusion: ChatGPT and Google Gemini showed comparable accuracy and completeness; however, inconsistencies between accuracy and completeness suggest these AI tools require refinement.Regular updates are essential to improve the reliability of AI-generated medical information on UDT and ensure up-to-date, accurate responses.Öğe Monocyte/High density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2025) Turan, Ebru; Menteşe Babayiğit, TuğbaAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent studies suggests that immune dysregulation and inflammation may play a role in its pathophysiology. The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) has been proposed as a novel inflammatory marker. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD and MHR. Material and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 67 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and 75 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Hemogram and lipid panel parameters were retrieved from medical records, and MHR was calculated for each participant. Monocyte levels, HDL levels, and MHR values were compared between the ADHD and control groups. Results: Monocyte levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group compared to the controls (p = 0.028). However, no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of HDL levels (p = 0.783) or MHR (p = 0.076). Conclusions: The findings suggest that systemic inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of ADHD, as indicated by elevated monocyte levels. However, the lack of a significant difference in MHR suggests that lipid metabolism alterations may not play a primary role in ADHD-related inflammation. Further studies with larger samples and more inflammatory markers are needed to clarify the role of immune dysregulation in ADHD.
