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Öğe Comparison of total IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to a novel trivalent recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine containing serotype 6(Academic Press, 2025) Balevi, Aslı; İlban, Ayşegül; Uslu, Ali; Toslak, Emine Eda; Sayın, Zafer; Sanioğlu Gölen, GökçenurMannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) causes significant losses in livestock, but cross-protection between serotypes is limited. Current commercial vaccines primarily target serotypes 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) despite the increasing incidence of serotype 6 (S6) infections. While leukotoxin (LKT) is a common vaccine target, serotype-1 specific antigen (SSA-1) is often overlooked. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers, crucial for evaluating vaccine efficacy, are not routinely measured. This study aimed to develop a trivalent vaccine targeting S1, S2, and S6 using recombinant LKT (rLKT) and rSSA-1, and to evaluate total IgG and nAbs responses following vaccination in the murine model. Three M. haemolytica strains (S1, S2, and S6) with diverse phenotypic characteristics were selected. A host specificity protein J (250 kDa) was identified in the S6 strain grown in Todd-Hewitt broth. This protein caused widespread bleeding in experimental mouse groups, raising considerations for its inclusion in future vaccine formulations. A trivalent vaccine was prepared by different serotypes (S1, S2, and S6), rLKT, rSSA-1, and Montanide™ ISA 206 VG adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated twice at 21-day intervals. Total IgG and nAb titers were measured using in-house ELISAs and Vero cell neutralization assays, respectively. Total IgG revealed the highest antibody responses against S2 pellet and S6 supernatant antigens. The result of nAb titers in the vaccinated mice; was 1/80 (log101.9) against three pellets (S1, S2, and S6), and supernatant protein (S6) in contrast to 1/40 (log101.6) against other supernatant proteins (S1, S2). The vaccine demonstrated an odds ratio of 0.97. Although total IgG titers against S1 were lower compared to other serotypes, nAb increases were similar across all serotypes, highlighting the importance of measuring nAb titers in addition to total IgG for a comprehensive vaccine evaluation. Challenge studies further corroborated the stimulation of nAbs. The trivalent vaccine effectively stimulated both total IgG and nAb responses against all three serotypes in mice, suggesting its potential for broad protection against M. haemolytica.Öğe Effectiveness of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell medium on burn wound healing: Focus on apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2025) Çelik Kenar, Zeynep; Tuzcu, Mehmet; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Majidov, Nijat; Öner, Muhammed; Tural Çifçi, Ayşenur; Şahin, RabiaThe aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment efficacy of Platelet–Rich Plasma (PRP), silver sulfadiazine, and Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Conditioned Medium (WJ–MSC– CM) on burn wounds using a rat model. The study included four groups, each with 16 rats, and the groups were further divided into two subgroups (n=8) for the 7th and 14th days of the treatment process. Group 1 received no treatment after the burn. Group 2 received PRP (Platelet–Rich Plasma) treatment on the first day after the burn. Group 3 was treated with silver sulfadiazine on the first day after the burn. Group 4 received WJ–MSC–CM on the first day after the burn. In the current study, the expression of Caspase–3, Bcl–2, TNF–α, p21, and Beclin–1 genes among the groups was evaluated by Real–time PCR. The silver sulfadiazine and WJ–MSC–CM treatment groups exhibited lower Bcl–2 expression and higher Caspase–3 and Beclin–1 expression compared to the other groups. TNF–α and p21 expression was high in the burn control group and showed lower expression in the treated groups. The current findings demonstrate that WJ–MSC–CM exhibits healing efficacy on burn wounds comparable to the reference drug (silver sulfadiazine) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and reducing necroptosis and DNA damage. Additionally, PRP provided some positive benefits compared to the control group but was less effective than the other treatments.Öğe Effects of Intrauterine Isoproterenol Administration on Ovarian Follicular Development in Cows(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Tohumcu, Vefa; Cengiz, Mehmet; Hayirli A.; Altınkaynak, K.; Arslanbaş, Emre; Çıplak, Alper Yasin; Aydın, S.; Alat, ÖmercanIsoproterenol (ISO) is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist known for its vasodilatory effects. This experiment aims to investigate whether intrauterine ISO administration could alter vascular indices and follicular development in postpartum Holstein cows. Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate the effects of intrauterine ISO administration on vascular changes and its impact on follicular development compared to placebo groups. Study Design: This randomized controlled study was conducted on 36 Holstein cows selected based on their health status, including only those free from reproductive, metabolic and infectious disorders. Methods: The cows (n = 36) were divided into two groups as control received distilled water alone (CON, n = 18) and experiment received 4 mg ISO in 40 mL distilled water (ISO, n = 18) and four subgroups as CON-I (n = 9), CON-II (n = 9), ISO-I (n = 9) and ISO-II (n = 9) according to days of intrauterine administration (I or II represents to 1 or 2 days after ovulation, respectively). Uterine and ovarian artery blood flows were assessed before and after administration by Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected both before and after administration (on Day 1 or 2) and on Days 3, 6 and 9 post-ovulation for hormonal analysis. Antral follicle count (AFC) was recorded on the blood sampling days. Data were analysed via mixed model ANOVA. Results: Intrauterine ISO administration significantly increased the pulse rate (PR) in the ovaries (89.4 vs. 65.5 bpm, p < 0.0001) and uterus (90.6 vs. 64.2 bpm, p < 0.0001). Early AFC (1–2.9 mm) decreased, whereas small AFC (3–4.9 mm) increased in the ISO groups. The weighted average antral follicle size (WAAFS) significantly increased in the ISO group but remained unchanged in the controls. Hormonal analysis revealed elevated levels of FSH (626 vs. 468 mIU/mL), AMH (61.3 vs. 46.4 ng/L), E2 (138 vs. 122 ng/L), P4 (15.3 vs. 10.6 ng/mL), IGF-1 (62.6 vs. 25.1 ng/mL) and IGFBP-3 (28.4 vs. 16.5 ng/mL) in the ISO groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that intrauterine administration of ISO on Day 1 post-ovulation could be a promising ‘adjunct technique’ for future research focussed on minimizing dependence on exogenous hormones or improving the sensitivity of follicles to endogenous hormonal signals, thereby potentially enhancing oocyte yield.Öğe Investigation of the Effect of Autologous Cytokine Rich Serum (ACRS) and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Treatment on Experimental Uterine Horn Peritoneal Adhesion Model in Rats(Springer International Publishing, 2025) Erol, Hanifi; Karakaş, Erol; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Aslan, Nevzat Emre; Karataş, ÖzhanAdhesion formation is a complex biological process defined as adhesion of intra-abdominal organs to one another or to the abdominal wall with fibrous bands. In recent years, various methods and drugs have been used for preventing the abdominal adhesion. Autologous cytokine rich serum (ACRS) is a blood-derived product obtained by incubating and centrifuging whole blood. It contains various cytokines and factors. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a blood product and rich in growth factors. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare and investigate the effects of PRP and ACRS on uterine horn peritoneal adhesion. Methods: The animal material of the study was consisted 42 healthy, 4 months old, non-pregnant female Wistar-Albino rats with 150–200 g, body weight. While 6 of these 42 animals included in the study were used as donors to PRP and ACRS, 36 animals were divided into six groups with 6 rats in each group. Result: Adhesion, inflammatory cell infiltration, TNF-α, IL-6, Col-I, α-SMA scores were compared between groups and ACRS group’s scores were significantly lower than other groups. Conclusion: As result of this study, ACRS treatment has shown to provide more effective manipulation of the inflammatory response. Especially, ACRS treatment has more effective anti-inflammatory effect on peritoneal adhesion was seen with the histopathologic findings of this study. Our current findings suggest that ACRS has an anti-adhesion role by reducing the inflammatory response in adhesion tissues.Öğe Effects of Testosterone Undecanoate Treatment on Some Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Parameters in Testicular Tissue of Rabbits(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2025) Suvarıklı Alan, Beyza; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Camgöz, Avni; Tuzcu, Mehmet; Haliloğlu, Seyfullah; Dayan, Mustafa OrhunStudies on Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), which are increasingly used by many people, such as professional athletes, bodybuilders, in an uncontrolled manner with each passing day, have indicated that they can cause oxidative stress besides many side effects. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of testosterone undecanoate (TU), an anabolic steroid, on histopathological and oxidative stress in testicular tissues of New Zealand rabbits. Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted on 18 male New Zealand rabbits aged 5-6 weeks. The study involved three groups: the control group, the castor oil group, and the TU group, each of which included six New Zealand rabbits. While no treatment was provided to the control group, 0.2 mL castor oil was injected intramuscularly (IM) into the castor oil group and 0.2 mL TU (10 mg/kg) dissolved in castor oil was injected IM into the TU group for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. At the end of the experiment, testicular tissue samples of the animals that were euthanized under appropriate conditions were collected, and histopathological examinations and oxidative stress parameters in testicular tissue were analyzed. In the study, superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase levels of testicular tissue in the TU injected group showed a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group (P < 0.05). When the macroscopic appearance of the testes was examined, it was found that the testes in the control and castor oil groups were macroscopically similar to each other, while the testes of the rabbits in the TU group appeared atrophic. When the mean Johnsen scores calculated in all groups were evaluated, it was observed that the control and castor oil groups were normal, while the TU group was thought to have maturation arrest. As a result of the histopathological examinations, the testicular tissue sections of the control group showed that the seminiferous tubules were regular and normal in diameter and size. When the testicular tissue sections of the castor oil group were examined, seminiferous tubules were found to be in good condition. The microscopic examination of the testicular tissues of the TU group showed atrophic changes in most of the seminiferous tubules. Besides the shrinkage in the size of these atrophic tubules, it was remarkable that the normal structure was disrupted and the cells were separated from the basal membrane and exfoliated into the lumen. Consequently, based on the findings that TU triggered oxidative stress in the testicular tissue of New Zealand rabbits and showed macroscopically and histopathologically adverse effects, it was concluded that the use of such AASs may cause significant health problems, and their use should be controlled. Discussion: Increased production of free radicals and weakening of the antioxidant defense system can lead to oxidative stress, which results in arterial blockages, severe damage to cells, and consequently impaired spermatogenesis. If the testicular biological system fails to detoxify or repair the negative effects of free radicals, cells and tissues are severely damaged. Long-term nandrolone decanoate (a testosterone preparation) treatment has been reported to decrease kidney tissue GSH and testicular tissue SOD levels in rats and New Zealand rabbits. Similarly, injection of boldenone undecylenate, an AAS, was noted to significantly reduce SOD, GSH, and catalase levels in the testicular tissue of rats, an indicator of oxidative stress in rat testes. The present study showed a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) in testicular tissue SOD, GSH, GPx, and catalase levels in the group to which TU was injected and this finding was consistent with the findings of previous studies.Öğe Determination by Immunohistochemistry of Acute Phase Proteins in Naturally Infected Sheep with Listeriosis(Sciendo, 2025) Karataş, Özhan; Akçakavak, GökhanListeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease affecting domestic mammals, poultry, and humans worldwide. The effectiveness of local tissue expression of acute phase proteins in listeriosis in domestic mammals is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the local expression of acute phase proteins in 26 brainstem tissue samples according to the distribution and severity of inflammation due to natural Listeriosis disease in sheep. The study material consisted of 26 brainstem paraffin blocks, including 20 from listeriosis-infected cases and 6 from healthy controls. Sections obtained from the paraffin blocks were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histopathological examination revealed normal histological structures in the brainstems of the control group. In contrast, brainstem sections from listeriosis cases exhibited histopathological findings such as micro abscesses composed of neutrophil granulocytes and microglial cells, gliosis, meningitis, congestion, perivascular cuffs, neuronal degeneration, and neuronophagia. Based on the distribution and severity of inflammation, listeriosis cases were categorized into three groups: 5 mild cases (Group I), 8 moderate cases (Group II), and 7 severe cases (Group III). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly increased expression levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Haptoglobin (Hp), and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in listeriosis groups compared to the control group, with the highest statistical scores observed in Group II and Group III (p<0.001). The findings of this study suggest that acute-phase proteins may play crucial roles in the pathophysiological processes of naturally infected listeriosis and could express locally. Particularly, the increased expression of these proteins with the progression of inflammation may provide valuable insights into disease severity and the infection process.Öğe Determination of the effect of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract on cadmium embryotoxicity(Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2025) Canbar, Rahmi; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Uslu, Muhittin; Arslan, Mustafa Sedat; Kızılay, HarunTarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) is a homeopathic product used in the veterinary field. This study aimed to determine the effects of TCAE on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in the embryo. The study used 220 fertile, incubated chicken eggs divided into 11 equal groups on the 7th day of incubation. The groups comprised untreated and physiological saline control groups, a group with TCAE alone, four groups with varying doses of Cd alone and four groups with the same doses of Cd plus TCAE. At the end of the incubation period, the eggs were opened, kidney and liver tissue samples were taken for histopathology and the number of dead and living embryos were recorded. In the prsent study, the median lethal dose of Cd was determined to be 0.029 mg per egg and the median lethal dose of Cd plus TCAE was determined to be 0.020 mg per egg. The histopathological examinations determined that kidney and liver damage were increased when TCAE and Cd were administered together, that was higher than when Cd was given alone. Thus, TCAE, which had no toxic effect on the embryo when used alone, might increase the embryotoxic activity of Cd. However, more detailed studies are needed.Öğe Effects of erythropoietin on cardiac morphometry in exercised male and female adolescent rats(Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2025) Ateş, Mehmet Burak; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Özdemir, Özgür; Özdemir, Mehmet; Bozkurt, İbrahimErythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone predominantly produced in the kidneys, primarily stimulating erythroid cell proliferation in the bone marrow. The present study investigated the impact of EPO combined with swimming exercise on cardiac morphometry in adolescent male and female rats. The 4-week study involved 48 rats (24 males and 24 females), which were divided into four main groups of six males and six females each. The control group was administered intraperitoneal saline four times a week. The swimming exercise group also received intraperitoneal saline, followed by 30 min of swimming exercise, four times a week. The drug control group was given 50.00 IU kg-1 epoetin alfa intraperitoneally, four times a week. Lastly, the Swimming + Drug group received 50.00 IU kg-1 epoetin alfa intraperitoneally, four times a week, followed by 30 min of swimming exercise. The post-study measurements demonstrated that EPO administration did not result in notable alterations in crucial parameters, including the left ventricular mass index, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular posterior wall in the context of left ventricular hypertrophy in both genders. However, in female rats, EPO-only group and the combined EPO and exercise group showed significant thinning of the right ventricular wall and interventricular septum indicating potential cardiac dilatation. The results highlight the necessity of considering gender-specific responses when evaluating EPO's cardiovascular effects, particularly concerning the right ventricle, and suggest further investigation into the long-term consequences of these observed changes.Öğe Comparison of the efficacies of Rhodococcus equi recombinant vaccine in mice(Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2025) Sanioğlu Gölen, Gökçenur; Erganiş, Osman; Balevi, AslıRhodococcus equi is an important bacterial pathogen and causes severe chronic granulomatous pneumonia in foals below 6 months of age. It has also become an opportunistic and emerging pathogen in immunocompromised humans. Vaccination is the most cost-effective strategy for controlling and preventing this infection. Although several potential virulence genes and candidate immunogens have been identified over the years, no effective vaccine is currently available to prevent R. equi disease in horses. Recently, bacterial vector vaccines have been shown to be promising for R. equi. In this study, the virulence-associated protein A (VapA) gene of R. equi was cloned into Protein Expression System small ubiquitin-related modifier (pET-SUMO) expression vectors and transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Also, adjuvant significantly affects the efficacy of recombinant vaccines. Therefore, native VapA and recombinant VapA were formulated with Immunostimuling Microparticle System (IMS 3012) or PetGel A (recommended for horses) and subcutaneously administered to mice. The immunization effect of four different vaccines was determined by assaying antibody titers and survival rates. The antibody response was slightly higher in the PetGel A formulations than IMS 3012. Survival rates were lower in the PetGel A formulations than IMS 3012. Given these results, recombinant VapA adjuvanted with PetGel A represents a promising formulation for developing new-generation R. equi vaccines.Öğe Comparison of the effects of Autologous Cytokine-rich Serum (ACRS) and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on skin wound healing(Sciendo, 2025) Erol, Hanifi; Karakaş, Erol; Ermiş, Mustafa; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Aslan, Nevzat Emre; Karataş, ÖzhanWound healing is one of the most complex biological events, involving physiological processes such as tissue restoration and intricate cellular and molecular activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Autologous Cytokine Rich Serum (ACRS) and Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on wound healing and to compare their impact on tissue repair using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. A total of 42 healthy Wistar-Albino rats were used as material. The histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations showed that ACRS is more effective than PRP on wound healing. The superior efficacy of ACRS is attributed to its stimulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and provision of essential nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, and lipids. Further detailed studies are recommended to explore these findings.Öğe Effect of autologous cytokine-rich serum and platelet-rich plasma administration on oxidative status, minerals and proinflammatory cytokines in brain and serum in cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian failure(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Ermiş, Mustafa; Karakaş, Erol; Erol, Hanifi; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Acı, Recai; Ümit, Furkan; Karataş, Özhan; Çiftçi, GülayCyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy agents and carries a high risk of ovarian damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autologous cytokine-rich serum (ACRS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on brain oxidative status, mineral levels, and proinflammatory cytokines in rats with CP-induced ovarian failure. A total of 42 female Wistar rats (12-weeks-old) were used in the study. Six of these rats were allocated as donors, and the remaining 36 rats were randomly distributed into six groups (n = 6 per group). Group 1 received no treatment. On the 1st and 7th days, 75 mg/kg of CP was administered intraperitoneally to Groups 4, 5, and 6. On day 1, PRP was administered intraovarianly to Groups 2 and 5, while ACRS was administered intraovarianly to Groups 3 and 6. Additionally, PRP and ACRS were administered intraperitoneally to the respective groups on 7th and 14th days.The study was terminated at the end of the 31st day. Brain tissue and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and ovarian tissue samples were collected for histomorphological examinations. Morphological analysis using Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical evaluation for AMH, α-SMA, and IL-1β were conducted on the ovaries. Proinflammatory cytokines and insulin levels were measured using ELISA test kits. TAS/TOS levels were assessed using Relassay Diagnostic kits. Biochemical parameters and mineral levels were measured using autoanalyzer. Histopathological evaluation revealed that follicular degeneration, congestion, hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as the number of atretic follicles and IL-1β immunoreactivity, were observed at the highest levels in the CP group (Group 4). In contrast, the numbers of primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles, along with AMH and α-SMA immunoreactivity levels, were found to be the lowest in this group. However, positive therapeutic effects were observed in the CP-treated groups (Groups 5 and 6). In the serum, increased levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, glucose, LDL, TOS, Ca, Fe, Mg, IL-1β, IL-1α, TNF-α, and NF-kB were detected in the CP groups (G4, G5, G6) compared to the control groups (G1, G2, and G3). In brain tissue, a decrease of total protein and total cholesterol levels were observed in the CP groups (G4, G5, G6) compared to the control groups, while increases in Na, Cl, Fe, IL-1β, IL-1α, TNF-α, and NF-kB levels were detected. In conclusion, PRP and ACRS therapies from the patient's own blood have a potential as supportive or chemopreventive strategies with reduced side effects and treatment costs.Öğe Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract on the growth, blood, and biochemistry parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Esen, Ramazan; Öz, Mustafa; Dikel, SuatIn this study, artichoke leaf extract (ALE) was added to the Nile tilapia diet at different ratios (0.00%, 1.00%, 2.00%, and 3.00%) for 30 days to investigate its effects on growth performance, hematological parameters, and blood biochemistry. A total of 240 fish with an average initial weight of 33.9 ± 1.14 g were used. The results showed that ALE supplementation significantly improved growth performance, with the best results observed at 2.00% inclusion (final weight: 58.01 ± 0.18 g, FCR: 1.48 ± 0.02, SGR: 1.79 ± 0.01) (p < 0.05). Hematological analysis revealed an increase in hemoglobin (Hb) levels (control: 9.18 ± 0.62 g/dL; 2.00% ALE: 12.83 ± 1.19 g/dL) and a decrease in white blood cell count (control: 3.54 ± 0.06 m/mm3; 2.00% ALE: 3.39 ± 0.07 m/mm3) (p < 0.05). Blood biochemistry results indicated a significant reduction in glucose (control: 73.67 ± 4.16 mg/dL; 2.00% ALE: 51.00 ± 2.00 mg/dL) and cholesterol levels (control: 227.67 ± 6.11 mg/dL; 2.00% ALE: 117.67 ± 3.21 mg/dL) (p < 0.05), suggesting improved metabolic balance. The findings indicate that 2.00% ALE supplementation enhances growth performance and may positively influence fish health by modulating blood parameters, making it a promising natural additive for sustainable aquaculture.Öğe Investigation of the Correlation Between ELISA and Serum Amyloid A in the Diagnosis of Bordetella bronchiseptica in Dogs(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Sanioğlu Gölen, Gökçenur; Akar, Kadir; Ekin, İsmail HakkıBackground: Bordetella bronchiseptica is an essential bacterial pathogen characterized by chronic respiratory disease in dogs known as Kennel cough. The presence of causative antibodies in animals can also be detected by lipopolysaccharide antigen-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In recent years, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between acute phase proteins and diseases, and disease follow-up can be done within the framework of this relationship. Methods: In this study, blood sera from 150 dogs in an animal shelter in Van province were evaluated for B. bronchiseptica by the homemade ELISA method, and their correlations with serum amyloid A (SAA) were investigated. Blood serum samples were analysed for antibodies against B. bronchiseptica using a homemade ELISA method. Positive animals were also molecularly confirmed using nasal swabs by PCR. A commercial ELISA kit determined SAA levels in blood sera. Results: Eighteen (12%) of the analysed blood serum samples were found positive by the homemade ELISA method. SAA concentrations in the positive blood sera were elevated from 12.7 to ≤38.98 mg/L. SAA concentrations in blood sera serologically positive for B. bronchiseptica were statistically significant. Conclusions: In this study, in which the relationship between SAA concentration and B. bronchiseptica was investigated for the first time in Turkey, it was concluded that SAA concentration analysis may help diagnose and monitor the disease. In addition, the presence and prevalence of this critical and zoonotic agent causing chronic respiratory tract disease in dogs in Van province was revealed for the first time in this study.Öğe Investigation of the effect of water and feed sourced boron on the growth performance and blood parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Çelik, Mustafa; Dikel, Suat; Öz, MustafaThis study investigated the effects of water and feed-derived boron on the growth performance and blood parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Two different experiments were designed for this purpose. The first phase of the study determined the LC50 (96-h) value of boron for Nile tilapia. Fish were then fed in water containing boron at a ratio of 1:20 of the LC50 value. In the second experiment, feed containing boron at different rates (0.00%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10%) was fed for 40 days. At the end of the feeding period, growth performance, hematology, and blood biochemistry parameters were determined. The study concluded with a calculated LC50 value of 161.053 mg/L boron for Nile tilapia. The initial weight was 12.51 ± 0.79 g; at the end of feeding, the final weights were determined as 26.36 ± 0.15 g for the control and 28.07 ± 0.23, 32.28 ± 0.25 and 24.81 ± 0.48 g for 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.10% of boron feed treatments, respectively. At the end of feeding in water containing boron, the final weight of Nile tilapia was determined as 24.26 ± 0.26 g (LC50/20%). The results showed that feeding Nile tilapia with 0.05% boron-supplemented feed stimulated growth and positively affected blood parameters, whereas waterborne boron inhibited Nile tilapia growth and negatively affected blood parameters.Öğe An immunohistochemical study on the evaluation of mast cell, interleukin 17 and interleukin 1? profile in contagious caprine pleuropneumonia(Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2024) Karataş , Özhan; Akçakavak, GökhanContagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in goats is defined as a highly contagious and rapidly spreading mycoplasmal disease that is now among the leading causes of major economic losses on many continents (Asia, Africa and the Middle East). In this study, we aimed to evaluate immunohistochemically mast cells (MCs) profile and local interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-1? protein expressions in naturally infected CCPP according to the course of the inflammation (peracute-acute, subacute-chronic). The material of the study consisted of 40 naturally infected CCPP and 6 healthy control goat lung tissues. Appropriate samples were taken from the necropsied goats and subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. In the histopathological examination of the samples, it was determined that 29 samples had a peracute-acute course and 11 had a subacute-chronic course. In immuno-histochemical examination, MC profile and local IL-17 and IL-1? protein expressions were evaluated in the peracute-acute and subacute-chronic course. Immunohistochemically, significant increases in MC number, local IL-17 and IL-1? scores were detected in the peracute-acute course compared to the control group. There were significant decreases in the relevant scores in the subacute-chronic course compared to the peracute-acute course. Current findings indicated that MC, IL-17, and IL-1? expressions played important roles in the pathogenesis of infection in naturally infected CCPP, especially in the peracute-acute course.Öğe A molecular and histopathological study on bronchopneumonia in cats(Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, 2024) Akçakavak, Gökhan; Tuzcu, Nevin; Çelik, Zeynep; Tural, Ayşenur; Dağar, Osman; Tuzcu, MehmetIn this study, it was aimed to determine Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma felis, Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia felis, which cause bronchopneumonia in cats, by Real-time PCR and to compare the pathological findings of the identified agents. The material of the study was constituted of paraffin blocks belonging to the lungs, of which 21 bronchopneumonia were detected in microscopic examination (with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE)) from a total of 78 cats samples brought to Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology for pathological diagnosis. Histopathologically, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI) in the bronchi and bronchiolar lumens, desquamation in the bronchi and bronchiolar epithelium, PMNL infiltration with oedama in alveolar lumens and desquamated alveolar epithelium, PMNL infiltration in the interstitium, and peribronchi and peribronchiolar MCI, and pleuritis were detected. Real-time PCR analysis revealed Bordetella bronchiseptica in 3 (14.29%) cases, Mycoplasma felis in 3 (14.29%), Staphylococcus aureus in 5 (23.8%), and Chlamydia felis in 5 (23.8%). Morever, Mycoplasma felis and Staphylococcus aureus infection was detected in 1 case, and Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia felis mixed infection was observed in 1 case. Our results show that relevant agents can frequently be isolated in cases of feline bronchopneumonia.Öğe Determination of local expressions of IGF-1, LC3B and NF-kB in white muscle disease in lambs by immunohistochemical method(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2024) Akçakavak, Gökhan; Karataş, Özhan; Tural, Ayşenur; Dağar, Osman; Doğan, Osman; Tuzcu, MehmetWhite muscle disease (WMD) is also known as Stiff Lamb Disease or Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy. Selenium and/or Vitamin E deficiency constitutes the etiology of the disease. This study aimed to immunohistochemically evaluate local protein expressions of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Microtubule-related protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 beta (LC3B) in WMD. The material of the study consisted of 15 WMD, and 6 healthy lamb heart samples. The heart tissues of the autopsied lambs were subjected to routine tissue processing and paraffin blocks were obtained. Then, it was stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and immunohistochemical methods. Control group lambs had normal macroscopic appearance. Macroscopically, hyaline degeneration and zenker’s necrosis, calcification areas were observed in WMD tissues. Microscopically, degenerative and necrotic muscle fibers, calcification areas, fibrosis, mononuclear cell infiltrates and macrophage infiltrates were detected in WMD heart tissues. Immunohistochemically, significant increases were detected in IGF-1 (p<0.001), LC3B (p<0.001) and NF-kB (p<0.05) in the WMD group compared to the control group. Immunoreactivity in the relevant primers was detected commonly in degenerative and necrotic muscle fibers. In addition, occasional immunoreactivity was observed in the relevant primers in inflammatory cell infiltrates. In conclusion, NF-kB, IGF-1 and LC3B protein expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically for the first time in lambs with WMD. Our findings show that IGF-1 and LC3B proteins are highly expressed in heart tissue in WMD. Additionally, it is possible to say that IGF-1 and LC3B can be used in the diagnosis of WMD.Öğe Development of a simple and rapid DNA extraction method for aspergillus Flavus-A(Sciendo, 2024) Sanio?lu Gölen, Gökçenur; Akar, KadirAspergillus species are known to be very important in human and domestic animal health. Aspergillus species commonly cause severe systemic and skin infections, as well as allergic lung diseases. With the development of PCR techniques, these methods are used to identify and diagnose fungi. DNA extraction from Aspergillus species is difficult because the fungal cell wall structure is very durable and complex. Fungal DNA extraction methods containing proteinase K and liquid nitrogen are widely used to break down the cell wall. However, these methods cause DNA loss during the extraction in Aspergillus species. In this study, on the contrary, the commonly used DNA extraction by means of ammonium hydroxide, which is generally used to break down chitin in DNA extraction of ticks and plants, is used. The efficiency of the cell wall lysis method from A. flavus with ammonium hydroxide was compared with methods containing proteinase K and liquid nitrogen. For this purpose, DNA extraction of A. flavus was tried using three different methods. As a result, the cell wall of A. flavus was lysed using ammonium hydroxide in this study. The obtained DNA's quality, concentration, and PCR performance were sufficient. This method has been evaluated as a faster, more straightforward, and more economical alternative.Öğe Multifunctional hernia repair biopatch: Development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation(Editions de Sante, 2024) Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yılmaz; Enguven, Gözde; Ege, Hasan; Alakuş, İbrahim; Ağtürk, Gökhan; Dal Yöntem, Fulya; Yılmaz, Şenanur; Kırgız, Ömer; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Kazak, Filiz; Aksu, Burak; Alakuş, HalilIncisional hernia, a prevalent postoperative complication, is characterized by the protrusion of organs or tissues through damaged abdominal wall. Predisposing factors for hernias include obesity, wound infections, immunosuppression, and comorbidities. However, hernia patches currently in use, including the commercial polypropylene (PP) patch, still have limitations in providing the mechanical and biological properties necessary for abdominal wall regeneration. In this study, three dimensional (3D) printing and coaxial electrospinning methods were combined to create a multifunctional double layered hernia repair biopatch to overcome these limitations. The double-layer design of the biopatch serves a multifunctional role in addressing incisional hernia models, with 3D printed ciprofloxacin (CIP) loaded polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (Ge) scaffold (3DCIP) layer and coaxially electrospun PCL/Ge/?-carrageenan (?-C) nanofiber (NF) layers. While 3DCIP layers provides temporary mechanical reinforcement to the damaged abdominal wall, prevention of adhesions to internal organs, and reduction of surgical site infections, NF layer serves as tissue regeneration and fast wound healing. The developed multifunctional hernia biopatches underwent comprehensive physical and chemical characterization, followed by in vitro and in vivo evaluations. These evaluations included comparisons with a commercial PP patch, which was used as the control in the experiments. The study successfully fabricated multifunctional hernia biopatches with excellent antibacterial properties, high mechanical robustness, and strong biocompatibility.Öğe 45S5 bioactive glass-Ointment positively effects on wound healing in rats by regulating TNF?, Il-10, VEGF, and TGF?(Wiley, 2024) Kırgız, Ömer; Altuğ, Muhammed Enes; Özkan, Hüseyin; Han, Mehmet Cengiz; Akçakavak, Gökhan; Özarslan, Ali Can; Yücel, SevilThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 45S5 bioactive glass-ointment (BG) on cutaneous wound healing in rats at the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological levels.Materials and MethodsThirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): Control, Sham, BG, and DEX (Dexpanthenol). While no wound treatment was applied to the CONTROL, a wound model was created in the Sham, and no treatment was applied. A wound model was created for other groups, and BG and DEX were applied locally for 21 days. During the 21-day experiment period, feed and water consumption and weight changes were observed. Wound areas were calculated on days 0, 3, 7, 4, and 21. Following treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissues from the wound area and blood samples were collected. While the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), Interleukin 6 (IL6), Interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes were determined by qPCR, the levels of TNF alpha, IL6, and IL10 proteins were measured by ELISA.ResultsIt was observed that the BG group showed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing TNF alpha levels and stimulating IL-10. In addition, it was determined that BG increased fibroblast activity and vascularization.ConclusionCurrent findings showed that topical application of BG has anti-inflammatory effects, while also accelerating healing by increasing vascularity and making positive contributions to tissue healing.
