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Öğe Nature of the gabbro in central anatolia: Geological observation and spectroscopic applications, Turkey(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2019) Kadıoğlu, Yusuf Ka?an; Deniz, Kıymet; Korala, Tamer; Güllü, BahattinCentral Anatolia is bounded by the Izmir Ankara Erzincan (IAE) Suture Zone dipping northward beneath the Pontides at the north and the Inner Tauride (IT) Suture Zone with NE-dipping Central part of Turkey with triangular shaped structure. The Paleozoic metamorphic rocks are formed the basement of the Central Anatolia and obducted by the remnant of Inner Tauride ophiolitic products. Both of the units injected by Late Cretaceous age of the felsic and mafic intrusive unit. The mafic products mainly composed of gabbroic rocks and formed the less exposure crystalline magmatic rocks in comparison to the felsic crystalline magmatic rocks. The gabbroic rocks have a wide range in the exposure and mainly exposed at the eastern and far eastern part of Central Anatolia. They are ranging from a few meters up to kilometer square in dimension. The largest outcrops mostly accumulated with felsic intrusion in Central Anatolia. Different geographical distribution, colour, texture and mineral chemistry led to evaluate different source and nature in the region. MORB normalized elemental pattern of most of the gabbroic rocks of the Central Anatolian are enriched with the LIL elements with respect to HFS elements. Whole rock, trace and rare earth element results reveal that most of these mafic rocks are almost reveal almost similar geochemical behavior and patterns. The Raman spectra of the ophiolitic, intrusive and alkaline gabbroic rocks pyroxene mainly composed of augite, augite-diopside and augite- hedenbergite in composition respectively. The Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) results reveal that the pyroxene of the ophiolitic gabbro, intrusive gabbro and alkaline gabbro may crystalized at 178, 77 and 80 km depth with 46, 20 and 19 kilo bar pressure. Although the mineralogical, whole rock geochemical compositions are not able to differentiate between these gabbro the crystallization conditions of the pyroxene may be used in the classification of the gabbro types in Central Anatolia.Öğe Mineral chemistry of ophiolitic gabbros within central anatolia: Hirfanli dam gabbros(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2019) Koralay, Tamer; Kadıoğlu, Yusuf Ka?an; Deniz, Kıymet; Güllü, BahattinThe tectonic evolution of the magmatic rocks the Central Anatolia (CA) began at the late Mesozoic with closure of Neotethys in the region. The Central Anatolia has experienced several magmatic events including felsic and mafic intrusions originated from collisional and/or extensional tectonic events. The felsic magmatism of the CA are well reported and studied, whereas the origin and temporal distributions of the mafic magmatism are still controversial. This study includes the preliminary results of the TÜBİTAK project (116Y240) which aims to determine the mineralogical-petrographical, mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry of the Hirfanlı Dam gabbroic rocks in CA. The gabbroic rocks has dark to light green in color and fine-to-coarse grained crystal size. They are highly fractured, cracked and usually cut by fine crystalline gabbro and diabase dikes. According to the microscopic investigations, Hirfanlı Dam gabbroic rocks have holocrystalline granular and/or cumulate textures and mainly consist of plagioclase + pyroxene + amphibole + Fe-Ti oxides + chlorite + epidotite in composition. In addition, various alteration products such as uralitization, chloritization, epidotization, and carbonatization can be observed. These results are also supported by the Confocal Raman Spectrometry (CRS). Whole rock geochemistry of gabbroic rocks are characterized by relatively high Mg# (36.1±8.94) with remarkably low (Na2O+K2O) (1.56±0.92 wt.%), Zr (4.36±2.85 ppm), Th (0.64±0.64 ppm) contents. Moreover they have high TiO2 (1.13±0.75 wt.%), Fe2O3 (13.73±4.67 wt.%), CaO (12.27±0.74 wt.%) and V (867±801 ppm) contents. The gabbroic rocks are low-K tholeiite and show N-MORB in character. They display enrichment in LILE with relative to HFSE in MORB normalized multi-element diagrams. In this diagram, they exhibit depletions in Sr, Nb, Zr, TiO2 and Y as characteristics of subduction-related magmas. As a result, the petrographic and geochemical results suggest that gabbroic rocks of Hirfanlı Dam are the most probably products of supra-subduction ophiolite and may derived from N-MORB magma sources.Öğe Comparison of the collision and extensional related mafic intrusive rocks within central anatolia, Turkey(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2019) Deniz, Kıymet; Kadıoğlu, Yusuf Ka?an; Koralay, Tamer; Güllü, BahattinThe closure of Neotethys induced collision and extension related basic magmatism within the Central Anatolia during the late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. The products of the basic magmatism are alkaline and tholeiitic in character. The temporal and spatial evolution of the basic magma within the Central Anatolia has a great role in the interpretation of magmato–tectonic evolution of the region. The lack of radiometric age for the mafic magmatic rocks let to discussion in the explanation of the nature of these magmatism. The recent study deal with detail mineralogical and petrographic studies with spectroscopically methods. The evaluation of plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene and biotite by using the Raman confocal spectroscopy and Electron microprobe methods. Mafic magmatic rocks have a wide exposure with different colour and textures in the Central Anatolia. In this study, Hacıibrahimuşağı, Gömük, Akçakent and Hamit gabbros are selected for the purpose of the investigation of this research. Hacıibrahimuşağı and Gömük gabbros are mainly composed of plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene with lack amount of biotite. The plagioclase compositions range from oligoclase to bytownite. The amphiboles are mainly hornblende and the pyroxenes are diopside in compositions. Akçakent and Hamit gabbros are mainly composed of plagioclase, nepheline, and pyroxene with lack amount of amphibole and cancrinite. Thermobarometry calculations from amphiboles of Hacıibrahimuşağı gabbros are ranging from 798 up to 944°C and 4.2–1.1 kbar with 15.9–4.3 km emplacement depth. Furthermore, the formation of the pyroxene minerals of these rocks are 1388-1464°C and 19.9-25.6 kbar with 91-98 km emplacement depth. Thermobarometry calculations from pyroxene of Akçakent and Hamit gabbros are ranging from 1083 up to 1270°C and 1.8-20.7 kbar with 7-80 km emplacement depth of these pyroxenes. All the detail mineralogical, petrographical and thermobarometry studies reveal that the Hacıibrahimuşağı and Gömük gabbros are tholeiitic in nature and formed due to the Inner Tauride Ocean collision in the Central Anatolia. However, the Akçakent and Hamit gabbros are alkaline in nature and formed due to the extensional of the Anatolian Plate after the collision during Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene in the region.Öğe Raman characteristics of gucunkaya (Aksaray) gabbroic rocks, central Anatolia-Turkey(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2019) Güllü, Bahattin; Kadıoğlu, Yusuf Ka?an; Koralay, Tamer; Deniz, KıymetThe Central Anatolia Basement Units (CABU) have several mafic and felsic characterized magmatic systems which are associated with the closure of the Neotethys during the Late Mesozoic. Gucunkaya gabbro is located to the southern part of Ağaçören Intrusive to the North East of Aksaray in Central Anatolia. Field and petrographic studies show that the mafic products of the area are mainly composed of two main units as a gabro and diorite. The gabbro and the diorite cut by fine crystalline gabbro, diorite porphyry, fine crystalline diorite and diabase dykes. The plagioclases (An51-An93) + hornblende + augite ± quartz ± epidotite ± calcite ± titanite and opaque minerals form the main compositions of the Gucunkaya gabbro, and they are ranging from pyroxene-hornblende gabbro to diorite in composition. The MORB normalized elemental patterns of the gabbro and mafic dykes reveal enrichment in LIL element and depletion in HFS elements. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) was investigated from amphibole and plagioclase minerals in the Gucunkaya gabbroic rocks. The CRS studies, was determined that the amphiboles are in the composition of actinolite and the plagioclases are in the composition of labradorite and anorthite. The CRS studies show that actinolites have a Raman shift value of 218.6, 385.76, 531.81, 677.46 and 1046.5 cm-1. The 156.06, 174.02, 221.69, 389.48, 525.06, 668.70, 926.26, and 1055.04 cm-1 values of Raman shift observed in the pyroxene minerals reflected the augite composition. On the bases of petrological, geochemical and spectroscopic data of the research area, the products of the Gucunkaya Gabbroic rocks are derived from the mantle products with depletion of the continental crust.Öğe Predicting the physico-mechanical properties of igneous rocks from electrical resistivity measurements(2006) Kahraman, Sair; Öğretici, E.; Fener, Mustafa; Yeken, TekinElectrical resistivity values of eight different igneous rocks were measured on core samples using a resistivity meter in the laboratory. The resistivity tests were conducted on the samples fully saturated with brine (NaCl solution) and uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, density and porosity values of the samples were determined in the laboratory. Resistivity values were correlated with the corresponding physicomechanical properties using simple regression analysis methods. Generally strong correlations obtained from regression analysis. Concluding remark is that electrical resistivity may be a representative measure of properties of igneous rocks. However, further research is necessary to check how the stronger and different igneous rocks affect the correlations. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group.Öğe Geology and mineralogy of carbonate-hosted Au-Ag±Pb-Zn deposits in the Maden village (Ulukisla), Niğde, se Turkey(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2014) Kahya, Asuman; Kuşcu, Ercan; Cengiz, Oya; Yıldız, MustafaThe study area is located in the Bolkar mountains which are part of the Tauride platform, includes lower Paleozoic to Upper Cretaceous recrystallized limestone, dolomite, marble, and calc-schist. The deposits hosted in the Upper Triassic Bolkar Mountains carbonate rock and structurally controlled by E-W/36-45 S faulted, younger fault and related karstification. Primary sulfide ores are observed between the contact of quartz porphyry and carbonate rocks and in the fault breccia. After the primary mineralization occured in the contact between carbonate and quartz porphyry, second mineralization which formed of the oxidation of the primary sufide minerals and settlement it in the fracture and karst cavity. Ore minerals which in occur as fractures and karst fills, observed two main groups as sulfide and oxide/hydroxide. Sulfide minerals are galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, boulanjerit, pyrrhotite, linneit and millerite. Oxide and hydroxide minerals are pyrolusite, psilomelane, manganite, chalcophanite, cerusite, anglesite, covellite, goethite, lepidokrokit, hemimorphite, perovskite, mimetit and korkit, rutile, magnetite, chromite. These paragenesis indicate that origin of the deposit develeped in the oxidation-cementation zone as a result of supergene enrichment. © SGEM2014. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of lumped mass and rigid body rockfall simulation models for the Mardin Castle, Turkey(American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA), 2014) Dadashzadeh, Neda; Başkan Düzgün, Hafize Şebnem; Yeşiloğlu Gültekin, Nurgül; Bilgin, Aydın H.A comprehensive understanding of rockfall trajectories is the key to effectively control rockfall hazards. An important characteristic that distinguishes different rockfall models is the presentation of the rock block in the model. Lumped mass models represent rock as a dimensionless point while rigid body models can consider block geometry in rockfall simulations. The potential blocks of the Mardin Castle are selected to study the differences between the lumped mass and the rigid body simulations. The trajectories of the lumped mass model are exactly the same for any size of blocks while rigid body models generate different rockfall paths and bounce height and run out distance accordingly. Increase in block size and non-circularity, cause large divergence between lumped mass and rigid body models. More reliable and conservative protection measures can be designed according to the rigid body simulations. Copyright © 2014 ARMA.
