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Öğe Investigation of EU environmental policies from the past to the future in the LCA perspective(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2020) Bilgili, Levent; Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Kuzu, Sadullah Leventevent Bilgili, Afşin Yusuf Çetinkaya, Sadullah Levent Kuzu Investigation of EU Environmental Policies from the Past to the Future in the LCA Perspective Introduction According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can be transformed from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed. This law tells us that there is a great balance of energy in nature. This energy balance appears not only in engineering but also in all environmental, social and economic cycles. Humanity, like all other living things in nature, has lived in harmony with environmental cycles in nature for millennia, and there is no waste in any environmental cycle. The energy entering the system does not disappear, changes shape and emerges as another type of energy. The waste products generated during this change process are used as input to another system and a new cycle begins. After the 18th century, when industrial production began, man-made artificial products started to produce outputs that could not be used as energy inputs in any system by disrupting this cycle, and nature was introduced to a concept that did not belong to it: Waste. Waste generation is a part of industrial production and is a process that has the potential to cause great environmental damage if not avoided.Öğe Possible effect of biotechnology on plant gene pools in Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Demir, AynurThe recent rapid developments in biotechnology have made great contributions to the study of plant gene pools. The application of in vitro methods in freeze storage and DNA protection techniques in fast production studies has made major advances. From that aspect, biotechnology is an indispensable means for the protection of plant gene pools, which includes the insurance of sustainable agriculture and development of species. Besides all the positive developments, one of the primary risks posed by the uncontrolled spreading of genetically modified organisms is the possibility for other non-target organisms to be negatively affected. Genes of plant origin should be given priority in this type of studies by taking into consideration such negative effects that may result in disruption of ecological balance and damage to plant genetic pools. Turkey, due to its ecological conditions and history, has a very important position in terms of plant gene pools. This richness ought to be protected without corrupting its natural quality and natural evolution process in order to provide the sources of species that will be required for future sustainable agricultural applications. Thus, attention should be paid to the use of biotechnological methods, which play an important role especially in the protection and use of local and original plant gene pools.
