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Carbamazepine Adsorption onto Giant Macroporous Silica and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Modeling
(Springer Nature, 2024) Alver, Alper; Yılmaz, Bahar Akyüz; Bilican, Behlül Koç; Baştürk, Emine; Kaya, Murat; Işık, Mustafa
There is an imperative need to eliminate pharmaceutical residues from aquatic environments due to their hazardous properties, including toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, particularly when present in water sources. Conventional water treatment methods have proven insufficient in addressing nano-pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. Consequently, the ongoing quest for economically viable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly removal mechanisms persists. In this particular study, we employed Giant Macroporous Silica (GMS) derived from marine sponges as a promising biosorbent. GMS exhibits commendable characteristics, including a high specific surface area, swift mass transfer capabilities, and non-discriminatory adsorption qualities. The efficacy of GMS in adsorbing carbamazepine (CBZ), a common drug residue, was scrutinized under diverse experimental conditions, including a sorbate/sorbent ratio ranging from 0.005 to 1.500 weight ratio, contact times spanning from 0 to 240 min, and initial pH values ranging from 5 to 9. Remarkably, at a concentration of 1000 µg L?1, GMS demonstrated an attractive adsorption rate (98.88%) of carbamazepine at pH 7.07, within 90 min. To enhance our understanding, we developed an ANFIS model utilizing the experimental parameters as inputs. The developed model exhibited a high correlation coefficient of 0.9944% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.6693, indicating its dependability in accurately predicting the adsorption of CBZ on GMS. The results of our study highlight the efficacy of GMS in adsorbing CBZ, suggesting its considerable potential for adsorbing other pharmaceutical residues and nano-pollutants.
The water footprint assessment for advanced biological wastewater treatment plant
(2024) Alver, Alper; Varol, S.; Altas, L.
This study aimed to assess the contribution of the AB-WWTP to a sustainable environment by producing indicators through water footprint assessment. The AB-WWTP processes an average of 2,973,854 m3/month of domestic wastewater from 694,556 inhabitants and discharges it into the receiving environment with Class III water quality. This indicates that this wastewater treatment plant is contributing towards sustainability goals and providing clean water for its surrounding communities. Water footprint inputs and outputs of the WWTP were evaluated in terms of two different scenarios: (1) discharge of wastewater to the receiving water body without treatment, and (2) discharge of the treated wastewater to the receiving water body with the current performance of the WWTP. It was concluded that the WFGrey, WFBlue, and WFGreen had an effect of 95.127%, 3.981%, and 0.892% on the WFWWTP, respectively. In the first scenario, when 1 unit of wastewater is discharged without treatment, it reduces or pollutes the quality of an average of 61.91 units of freshwater in the receiving environment. When wastewater is treated in an AB-WWTP, surface water quality is maintained by observing legal receiving environment standards. The operation of the AB-WWTP causes the consumption of a total of 20,457 m3/month of freshwater, 2701 m3/month directly, and 17,756 m3/month indirectly. As a striking result, pollution of approximately 9368 units of freshwater is prevented by using 1 unit of freshwater for the treatment plant's operation. The WFA method is a good indicator to show the contribution of facilities to the natural water cycle.
Remediation of organophosphate pesticide-contaminated soil using soil washing and advanced oxidation processes
(Springer, 2024) Baştük, Emine; Tülün, S.
Large numbers of contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and chlorophenols pass through sediments and soil, causing a giant danger to human health and ecosystem. To remediate the soil contaminated with these pollutants, various methods have been proposed including coupled soil washing with Fenton or Sono-Fenton process. In this study, non-ionic surfactants [Tween 85 AND linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs)] were used for the removal of chlorpyrifos (organophosphate pesticide). The optimal conditions for LAS surfactant were found to be a concentration of 2.5 g/L with 20/1.5 ratio (liquid/solid), 360 min operation time and 120 rpm washing speed in room temperature; while 1 g/L Tween 85 concentration was more effective at 20:1 ratio (liquid solid), 360 min operation time and 60 rpm washing speed in room temperature, respectively. The results imply that combining both Tween 85 and LAS can be an effective way to remove large amounts of contaminants from soils quickly without damaging them further or harming humans who might come into contact with it afterward. The results of the experimental study on soil washing and Fenton/Sono-Fenton suggest that these two processes combined can be an effective way to remediate soils contaminated with chlorpyrifos. This combination was shown to provide superior results for both remediation and recovery of surfactants used in the cleaning process.
Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contents of endemic Salvia halophila plants around Lake Tuz
(Toprak Gübre ve Su Kaynakları Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü, 2022) Baysal Furtana, Gökçen; Demir, Aynur; Tekşen, Mehtap; Rashidi, Adeleh; Tıpırdamaz, Rukiye
Heavy metals occur naturally in ecosystems at varying concentrations. However, heavy metal sources that have emerged in present-day mainly due to human influence, i.e. industrial activities, agricultural waste, pesticides, use of fossil fuels and traffic, have included a part of heavy metals in the ecosystem. Lake Tuz, together with the entire lake surroundings, water beds and important steppe areas, was declared Turkey’s Specially Protected Area (SPA) in 2001. Our aim in this investigation was to determine the levels of heavy metals such as Chrome (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in endemic Salvia halophila grown in different areas of Lake Tuz. The results of the heavy metal contents analyzed at the plant were compared with the international standard levels of heavy metals. The consequences displayed that differing extents of heavy metals are accumulated in S. halophila. The results obtained differed in accordance with the collection time and localities. When the outcomes are appraised, it is achievable to say that Pb is higher than the standard values. The findings of this investigation are the first reported results for this endemic S. halophila species that grows naturally at Lake Tuz and are important as they are newly discovered results.
Determining the contribution of the wastewater treatment plant to the sustainable environment with water footprint indicators
(Springer, 2023) Kalya, Esra; Alver, Alper
Millions of cubic meters of water are polluted every day as a result of industrialization and other human activities. The contribution of the Wastewater Treatment Plant, which was built to prevent this pollution, to the water cycle was examined through water footprint indicators in this study. In the study, the wastewater treatment plant was evaluated for treated and non-treated cases, and the contribution of the plant to the grey water footprint was determined from the difference between the two cases. Wastewater Treatment Plants not only save the volume of water in the receiving environment but also protect the water quality. This study revealed that as a result of the treatment of industrial and domestic mixed wastewater with a pollution load of 396.297 mg biochemical oxygen demand L-1, 924.245 mg chemical oxygen demand L-1, 26.139 mg total nitrogen L-1 2.76 mg total phosphorus L-1, and 426.861 mg total suspended solids L-1, in the Wastewater Treatment Plant, it recovered an average of 14,375,243 m(3) of freshwater per month in the water cycle by protecting the Class III (medium) water quality of receiving environment. The calculations made in the study are based on the Water Footprint Assessment Manual. The volume of recovered water is 19 +/- 14 times larger than the inlet flow of wastewater treatment. On the other hand, the total amount of freshwater consumed directly and indirectly in the wastewater treatment is 3696 m(3) month-1. 97.093% of the indirect blue water footprint is used for the generation of electrical energy. This study reveals all aspects of the Wastewater Treatment Plants contribution to the sustainable environment with the natural water cycle and the protection of the receiving water quality.
A solution of taste and odor problem with activated carbon adsorption in drinking water: detailed kinetics and isotherms
(Desalination Publications, 2022) Alver, Alper; Baştürk, Emine; Altaş, Levent; Işık, Mustafa
In this study, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) adsorption pathways on steam-ac-tivated wood-originated powder activated carbon were investigated. Firstly, EN 12903 analysis was carried out, giving information about the activation, origin, and suitability of usability as an adsorbent in drinking water treatment plants of activated carbon, and it was found that it was activated by steam, was of wood origin, and suitable for the basic requirements for the adsorption of 2-MIB and GSM. A series of experiments including contact time, the concentration of metab-olites, initial pH of the solution, and dosage of activated carbon were performed on raw surface water samples. Many kinetic and isotherm models known in the literature have been applied to explain the 2-MIB and GSM adsorption on powdered activated carbon (PAC). As a striking feature of the isotherm models, it was concluded that the multilayer physical and/or chemical adsorptions of 2-MIB (R2 = 0.636) and GSMBET(R2 = 0.777) occurs on the macro and mesopores BET of PAC, the adsorption capacity of PAC is higher for 2-MIB (kF = 0.146, qe = 0.9904) than for GSM (kF = 0.023, qe = 0.9252), and the adsorption of GSM (RL = 0.970) and 2-MIB (RL = 0.951) on PAC are reversible. Among the kinetic models, the pseudo-second-order model was found to be the most successful in describing the adsorption of 2-MIB and GSM on the PAC. According to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the chemical or physical adsorption situation is not in equi-librium. Therefore, the intraparticle diffusion model applied to find the adsorption mechanism shows that 2-MIB and GSM are physically adsorbed on the external surface of the PAC in the first 16 min, and diffusion from macropores to meso and micropores occurs during the next 74 min. More time is needed for the adsorption to reach equilibrium.
Removal of exhaust gas with advanced solar photocatalytic asphalt applications
(Springer Verlag, 2022) Bolakar Tosun, Hümeyra; Alver, Alper; Baştürk, Emine
Air pollution in developing and developed countries, especially in urban and industrial areas, is one of the biggest problems of the world. Air pollution can lead to various adverse outcomes such as condensation of the greenhouse effect, acid rain and public health problems. The most significant source of environmental pollution in urban areas is road transportation. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of solar photocatalytic asphalt materials in reducing the air pollution problem (NOx-nitrogen oxides) caused by the vehicles. The photocatalytic asphalt material, which can be enhanced by solar rays, was produced by applying nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) to asphalt pavements under suitable heat treatment using the spraying and direct additive methods. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed to determine the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the material. Following the characterization study, the photocatalytic activity capacities of the asphalt material produced by both methods was determined. Experiments on NOx removal were carried out under different conditions including catalyst dosage, humidity, temperature, initial NOx concentration and contact time. According to the results, conventional asphalt pavements and TiO2 photocatalytic asphalt pavements were compared in terms of NOx removal efficiency. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: catalyst utilization method = spraying modification, catalyst dosage = 1.5 g/L, humidity = 35%, temperature = 25°C and, initial pollutant concentration CO = 2,500 ppm, NO = 750 ppm, NO2 = 75 ppm and NOx = 825 ppm. In conclusion, it was determined that photocatalysts can be used functionally to solve environmental problems and the solar radiation could be used for the removal of nitrogen and oxide derivatives successfully.
Usage of titanium nanomaterial for the decolorization of methylene blue and reactive red 198 dyes by sonocatalysis
(Desalination Publications, 2021) Baştürk, Emine; Işık, Mustafa; Karakaş, Mustafa
The aim of this study was to use non-modified nano titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) material to develop the sonocatalytic decolorization of Methylene blue (MB) and Reactive Red 198 (RR198) in aqueous solu-tions. The study is highlighted by the pHpzc value of nano TiO2 . Electrostatic attraction or repulsion can occur due to anionic (RR198) and cationic (MB) dyes. The maximum sonocatalytic decoloriza-tion efficiency (%) of 95% for MB and 81% for RR198 were achieved with an initial dye concentration of 100 mg L–1, a sonocatalyst dosage 0.25 g L–1 (MB) and 0.1 g L–1 (RR198), an initial pH of 6.55, ultrasonic power of 90 W and ultrasonic frequency of 53 kHz. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was feasible and exothermic. In addition, the usage of non-modified TiO2 particles was found to be a feasible choice and give satisfactory results for the removal of aniline (cationic) and azo (anionic) dyes without the requirement of highly expensive modified methods.
Medical waste management in a mid-populated Turkish city and development of medical waste prediction model
(Springer, 2019) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Kuzu, S. Levent; Demir, Ahmet
Waste remains a very complex problematic issue on human society due to its health and environmental effects, economic aspects and social impacts. Medical waste is in a special classification and is supposed to be more hazardous compared to municipal wastes. Therefore, collection, storage, transfer and disposal of medical waste need more delicate measures. These four cycles of waste handling comprise the waste management system. The amount of future medical waste is important in studies on waste management. In order to form an accurate strategy, the amount of waste that is generated must be known with high precision. Accurate estimation can help both planning and designing medical waste management systems. In the present work, a regression model was performed in order to estimate the amount of waste generated by the hospitals in Aksaray city. The inputs of the model were the patient number in three different age classes (0–15; 15–65; 65 <) and gross domestic product per capita. The model had very high determination coefficient of 0.979. This model provides important inputs to ready-to-use solutions to decision makers in medical waste management, which has dynamic conditions due to activities in health services.
Economic value analysis of Fritillaria imperialis in Turkey
(Ersin YÜCEL, 2019) Demir, Aynur
In this research, economic value analysis was performed whit determination of production, goods and service value functions of Fritillaria imperialis'in Turkey. Economic valuation techniques,ecological and socio-cultural value criteria were used in the value analysis. In the study, the sum of the flow values for the service functions provide by F. imperialisis calculated as $ 72.96 / year for a per unit F. imperialis. The total economic value of F. imperialisis $ 14,592,000 / year for the 2000 000 unit which annual export quantity of F. imperialis. It has an annual export revenue of $ 52,416 and this estimate value is considerably higher than the annual export revenue.When positive value added created by non-material values in the ecological and socio-cultural processes, wealth and inheritance value are added to this value, F. imperialis'economic value is significantly higher. In addition, biological control value of use from the value functions ($13.6 / da / year), the conservation value ($ 37 / da / year), the value of use as an ornamental plant ($ 8.07 / unit/ year) and the value of use as a nutrient ($ 3.6 /unit / year) was determined to be important. Blue titshave also been shown to be an extremely important pollinator for this species.
Evaluation of anaerobic biodegradability potential and comparative kinetics of different agro-industrial substrates using a new hybrid computational coding scheme
(Elsevier, 2019) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Yetilmezsoy, Kaan
The present analysis was conducted as the first study to investigate the biochemical methane potential of four different agro-industrial wastewaters originating from chocolate, slaughterhouse, gum, and beet sugar industries under the same anaerobic fermentation conditions. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has specifically attempted to pinpoint a hybrid programming strategy for making a quantitative description of the anaerobic biodegradability of these waste streams. Thus, considering the scarcity of the literature in this field, a comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the amount of bio-methane obtainable from the investigated organic wastes and to predict their kinetics using three different sigmoidal microbial growth curve models (modified Gompertz equation, transference function (reaction curve-type model), and logistic function) within the framework an original MATLAB®-based coding scheme. The results showed that methane productions started immediately after 4 h of incubation for all substrates and reached their maximum rates of 118, 116, 108, 34 mL CH4/g VS/day, respectively, for wastewaters from chocolate, slaughterhouse, gum, and beet sugar industries. The corrected mean steady state methane contents were 61.7%, 73.4%, 62.8%, and 62.1% in the respective order. The highest methane yield (943 mL CH4/g VS) was obtained from the slaughterhouse wastewater, and this value was 1.32, 1.58, and 4.56 times higher than those obtained in the anaerobic digestion of chocolate, gum, and beet sugar wastewaters, respectively. Among the three kinetic models tested, the logistic function best explained the behavior of the observed data of all substrates using a Quasi-Newton cubic line search procedure (R2 ¼ 0.987e0.996) with minimum number of non-linear iterations and function counts. Deviations between the measured and the outputs of the best-fit kinetic model were less than 4.3% in prediction of methane production potentials, suggesting that the proposed computational methodology could be used as a well-suited and robust approach for modeling and optimization of a highly non-linear biosystem.
Life cycle comparison of membrane capacitive deionization and reverse osmosis membrane for textile wastewater treatment
(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yılmaz; Bilgili, Levent
The reduced natural water sources on the one hand and the large amount of wastewater produced by the textile industry on the other hand lead to the requirement of an effective reuse of textile wastewater. In this study, the treatment of textile wastewater by the reverse osmosis membrane system and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) system has been investigated to improve the quality and the recovery rate of the effluent for reclamation. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency obtained at 10 bar was 96.3% for BW30 reverse osmosis membrane. Diversified operating conditions, including working voltage and flow rate, were investigated systematically in the MCDI system which is an effective water purification technology. According to the obtained experimental results, the COD removal efficiency was thoroughly increased by rising the working voltage (from 0.2 to 1.2 V) and the flow rate (from 5 to 17.5 ml/min). The flow rate and the working voltage at which the COD from textile wastewater removal ratio was the highest were 10 ml/min and 1.2 V, respectively. A life cycle approach has also been implemented for the comparison of environmental impact assessment of the two desalination systems. In this study, a life cycle approach has been implemented for the comparison of environmental friendly impact assessment of the two desalination systems. It is concluded that MCDI system is much more environmental friendlier with 5641 times less values for damage assessment categories, on average.
Evaluation of railway versus highway emissions using LCA approach between the two cities of Middle Anatolia
(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Bilgili, Levent; Kuzu, S. Levent; Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Kumar, Prashant
Transfer of people and transportation of goods is an indispensable part of our daily lives. Choosing the most environmentally friendly alternative will have the least impact on human health, ecosystem, and the materials. This study aims to carry out a comparative assessment of various emission scenarios from highway and railway transportation between Kırşehir and Niğde-Ulukışla in the middle Anatolian Peninsula, in Turkey, to allow making an optimum decision from an environmental viewpoint. Currently, the transportation is sustained through highway, which has 232.6?km length between the cities used as a case study. High-speed railway construction is projected on the same route. We formed different capacity alternatives as alternative scenarios and life cycle assessment approach was applied to these scenarios. Environmental damage ratio decreased with the increasing utilization ratio of the railway. The greatest change was seen in ecosystem quality. We also assessed emissions during the construction activities of both railway and highway. A social cost-benefit analysis suggested that damage cost in the current situation was €562,000. The scenario with 100% replacement of highway with railway transportation showed the lowest damage cost (€157,000) while the highest damage cost was due to NOx emissions.
Life cycle assessment and greenhouse gas emission evaluation from Aksaray solid waste disposal facility
(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2018) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Bilgili, Levent; Kuzu, Levent
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a popular tool used to assess the environmental performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. In this study, LCA method was used to determine the best municipal solid waste management strategy for Aksaray city, Turkey. Four different scenarios were developed as an alternative to the existing waste management system and evaluated for the best environmental solution. The scenario with 75% landfilling-25% composting provided the best results in terms of human health and environmental impact. Current emissions from the present MSW facility were estimated for methane and carbon dioxide emissions. Annual emissions in 2017 were 8674 and 3161 t year(-1) for CO2 and CH4, respectively. The estimated ground-level concentrations of these emissions were 30 and 50 mu g m(-3) for CO2 and CH4, respectively. Both modeled CO2 and CH4 concentrations were expressed as CO2(eq). The total radiative forcing was calculated as 0.021 W m(-2).
Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for toxicity testing of Cr6+
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2019) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Özkaya, Bestami
Water scarcity is one of the major challenges facing many communities in the 21st century and will become one of the most sensitive environmental matters in the next decade. Diversified chemical and biological tracing analyses are used to check the state and quality of superior quality drinkable water. But, these technologies are facing several difficulties, such as high costs, complex operating system, on-site and online restrictions. The latest techniques in the use of microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensors has an extraordinary possible for fast and real-time tracing of water supply quality. MFC-based biosensor can perform self-sustaining observing without additional transducers or power supplies. MFC-based sensor technology ha also been investigated to remove different toxic compounds and to determine the availability of toxic compounds in the wastewater. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of Cr (VI) on MFC based-biosensor was investigated. It is seen that 2 mg/L Cr (VI) does not cause a serious change in system performance. It has been observed that electricity production capacity has changed in different Cr (VI) constructions.
Performance and mechanism of direct As(III) removal from aqueous solution using low-pressure graphene oxide-coated membrane
(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Çetinkaya, Afşın Yusuf
Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water is a serious problem worldwide. In this study, the removal of As(III) by graphene oxide (GO)-coated membranes was investigated. GO has been used effectively in water treatment processes because of its excellent water transport properties. Because of its toxicity and various oxidation steps, its removal from aqueous solutions has become a new area of study in membrane technology. Microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes were coated with GO and the efficiency of As(III) removal was investigated. GO-coated microfiltration membranes demonstrated 98% As(III) removal under 5 bar pressure. The physico-chemical properties of all the membranes were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle techniques.
Phenol removal from synthetic solution using low pressure membranes coated with graphene oxide and carbon
(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2018) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Özdemir, Oğuz K.
Phenol is considered to be a priority pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect. Thus, innovative and effective methods have been developed to remove undesired phenol from wastewater. Membrane processes are one of the innovative and effective methods used for the removal of phenol from wastewater. In this study, we investigate the effect of carbon and graphene oxide (GO) coating on phenol removal efficiencies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes. Obtained results show the removal efficiencies of all membranes increase with rising pressure. Among all membranes, the carbon-coated nanofiltration membrane (NF90) showed the highest performance with a removal efficiency of 99% under a pressure of 6 bars. The physico-chemical properties of the coated and uncoated membranes were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and contact angle techniques (WCA).
Investigation of biomethane potential of dairy industry wastewater
(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2018) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf
While energy sources are now commonly found in systems that work on fossil fuels, they have begun to relocate to alternative and renewable sources of energy, especially due to the growing population, the risk of exhaustion of fossil fuels, and the damage they have caused to the environment. Biogas, which has an important potential among renewable energy sources in Turkey, is a mixture of organic-based wastes, resulting from the disintegration of an anaerobic fermentation system in an anaerobic environment, with combustible methane gas. In this study, the biomass potential of the wastewater of the dairy industry was measured and 410 ml biogas were produced in 35 days and the experimental results of the biogas production were digitized by creating a curve. Various polynomial equations are applied to the data set at different grades. The fifth order polynomial equation is the best fit. The equation was obtained as y = 0.98 x. The SSE, RMSE and the discriminant coefficient were determined as 3130, 9.89 and 0.99, respectively.
Effect of operating parameters on boron removal using a combined system
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2019) Çetinkaya, Afşin Y.
According to World Health Organization (WHO) statements, the boron concentration for drinking water should be less than 0.5 mg L-1. This study is aimed to tackle the challenge to obtain a low boron concentration at this level. In recent years, membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has started to attract attention as it allows the ions to be removed quickly and easily from the solutions. In this study, initially boron removal rates of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane were tested at different pressures. Then, MCDI system was operated to determine the optimum conditions for boron elimination. The optimum values were 40 ml min(-1) flow rate, 1.1 V applied voltage, 10 min operating time, and pH 13. On the next step, an integrated UF membrane and MCDI system was developed to improve the total boron removal efficiency. The new integrated system exhibited excellent boron rejection performance in the range of 96%-100%. The technical aspects of design concept to reach low boron limits were discussed.
Dispersion modelling of volatile organic compound emissions from Ataköy wastewater treatment plant in İstanbul
(Scıbulcom Ltd, 2017) Çetinkaya, Afşin Yusuf; Kuzu, Sadullah Levent
In this study, emissions released from a wastewater treatment plant in Istanbul, were estimated utilising air quality dispersion model. The treatment plant is located to the west of a residential site. So, the emissions have potential to affect the living people in the residential area. Emission factor and wastewater treatment capacity were used to calculate the emission rate. Turkish State Meteorological Service data were used in order to produce meteorological input to the model. Elevation data were gathered from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. AERMOD was executed with those input data. Hourly maximum, daily maximum, monthly maximum, and annual average concentration distribution plots were generated. The maximum values were 471, 171, and 42 mu g/m(3), on hourly, daily, and monthly basis, respectively. The maximum concentration observed on the annual average map was 29 mu g/m(3).

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