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Yumurtaya verilen monosodyum glutamat’ın tavuk embriyolarında medulla spinalisin servikal bölgesinin embriyonik gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2021) Bölükbaş, Ferhan; Öznurlu, Yasemin
Bu çalışmada, dünyada en yaygın kullanılan lezzet arttırıcı gıda katkı maddelerinden biri olan monosodyum glutamat (MSG)’ın, medulla spinalis’in embriyonik gelişimi üzerine etkilerinin histolojik ve histometrik yöntemler kullanılarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada 410 adet döllü tavuk yumurtası kullanıldı. Yumurtalar kontrol, distile su, 0,12, 0,6 ve 1,2 mg/g yumurta MSG olmak üzere beş gruba ayrıldı ve enjeksiyonlar kuluçka başlangıcında yumurta sarısına yapıldı. Kuluçkanın 15, 18 ve 21. günlerinde her gruptan 10 yumurta açılarak elde edilen embriyolardan medulla spinalis doku örnekleri alındı. Doku örnekleri %10'luk formolde tespit edildikten sonra rutin histolojik yöntemlerle parafinde bloklandı. Bloklardan alınan 6 μm kalınlığındaki kesitler Hematoksilen Eozin, Kluver-Barrera, Toluidine Blue, Periyodik Asit Schiff ve Crossmon’ın üçlü boyama yöntemi ile boyandı. Preparatlar ışık mikroskop altında incelendi ve medulla spinalis dokusunda histometrik ölçümler yapıldı. 15. gün elde edilen embriyolarda yapılan histometrik ölçümler sonucunda substantia grisea yüzey alanının medulla spinalis’in kesitlerdeki toplam yüzey alanına oranı dikkate alındığında kontrol ve MSG grupları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edildi. 18. günde substantia grisea yüzey alanının medulla spinalis’in kesitlerdeki toplam yüzey alanına oranı açısından özellikle 0,6 mg/g yumurta dozunda MSG uygulanan grupta kontrol grubuna kıyasla arttığı tespit edildi. 21. günde ise substantia grisea yüzey alanının medulla spinalis’in kesitlerdeki toplam yüzey alanına oranının 0,6 mg/g ve 1,2 mg/g dozunda MSG uygulanan grupta kontrol ve distile su grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında azalmış olduğu tespit edildi. Kanalis sentralis’in enine ve boyuna çapları üzerinde yapılan değerlendirmelerde ise MSG uygulanan gruplarda, kontrol ve distile su grubuna göre kanalis sentralis’in enine ve boyuna çaplarının azaldığı dikkati çekti. Medulla spinalisin ventral kornusunda bulunan motorik nöronlarda MSG uygulanan gruplarda 15., 18. ve 21. günlerde nekroz ve nöronofaji gibi histopatolojik değişikliklere rastlandı, MSG grupları kontrol ve distile su grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında motor nöronlardaki nekrozda önemli bir artış dikkati çekti (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak inkübasyondan hemen önce döllü tavuk yumurtasına verilen MSG’nin medulla spinalisin embriyonik gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilediği ve motor nöronlarda nekroza neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Kidney tissue selenium levels of Toxocara canis infected mice given Nigella sativa
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2021) Sayıner, Serkan; Altaş, Mehtap Gül; Özkurt, Güzin; Özer Şehirli, Ahmet; Paksoy, Nilgün; Balkan, Burcu Menekşe; Şenocak Soran, Gülten
Nigella sativa (NS) has a protective effect on cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. Selenium has an antioxidative effect. Toxocara canis is one of the nematodes causing visceral larva migrans. Men infected with this parasite ingesting an embryonic egg. It is more common in children between 1-4 years than adults. From the ingested embryonic egg, the larvae released in the small intestine and they migrate to so many organs such as liver, spleen, kidney, lung, brain, retina of the eye, pancreas and causing lesions. In particular, it is known to cause intense damage to kidney tissue. In this study mice with Toxocara canis infection were administered Nigella sativa in prophylactic and treatment doses (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and selenium levels were determined in their kidney tissues. In the healthy control group, kidney selenium levels were 980,46±236,68 ng/g and in mice infected with Toxocara canis 1240,15±315,77 ng/g. Kidney tissue Se levels of mice given NS in two different doses for treatment (Treated N100, Treated N200) and prophylaxis (Prophylactic N100 and ProphylacticN200) respectively are 1297,95±354,37; 1361,29±410,46 ng/g; 1148,55±240,28 ng/g and 1465,81±450,25 ng/g. Kidney tissue selenium levels were high in both treatment and prophylaxis dose NS given mice. In conclusion, Nigella sativa can cause increases in kidney tissue selenium levels depends on given doses.
Tepeli pelikan (pelecanus crispus) karaciğeri üzerinde makro-anatomik incelemeler
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2020) İlgün, Ramazan; Özüdoğru, Zekeriya
Çalışmada su kuşlarından biri olan Tepeli pelikan karaciğerinin makro anatomik yapısının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2015-2019 yılları arasında köylüler tarafından gölet ve sazlıklarda ölü bulunan ve Veteriner Fakültesi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezine getirilen üç yetişkin (3 dişi) tepeli pelikanın karaciğer yapısı incelendi. Cavum abdominis’de bulunan karaciğer ve loblarının makro-anatomik yapısı ile ilgili bulgular ortaya konuldu. İncelenen kısımlar fotoğraflandı. Tepeli pelikanın karaciğeri, topografik olarak cavum abdominis’in dorsalinde 3/4 ü sağda, 1/4 ‘ü sola taşmış vaziyette yer almaktaydı. Karaciğerin lobus hepatis dexter ve lobus hepatis sinister olmak üzere iki lobdan oluştuğu belirlendi. İç yüzünde izler bulunmaktaydı. Karaciğer lobları arasında belirgin bir incisura interlobaris gözlendi. Vesica biliaris tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, çalışmada karaciğer yapısının anatomik özellikleri ile ilgili önemli bulgular elde edildi. Tepeli pelikanın karaciğer yapısında önemli farklılıklara sahip olduğu görüldü. Makro-anatomik olarak diğer kuş türleriyle de yakın benzerlikleri olduğu tespit edildi.
Diyabetik Ratlarda Aerobik Egzersizin Kortizol ve Tiroid Hormonları Üzerine Etkisi: Deneysel Araştırma
(Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi, 2023) Ceylan, Canan; Dönmez, Nurcan; Şentürk, Göktuğ
Bu araştırmada, deneysel diyabet oluşturulan ratlarda ae- robik egzersizin kortizol ve tiroid hormonları üzerine etkilerinin belir- lenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmada, 6 haftalık, 36 adet W istar Albino rat kullan ıldı. Hayvanlar canl ı ağırlıkları birbi- rine benzer olacak şekilde Kontrol (K), Diyabet (D), Egzersiz (E) ve Di- yabet+Egzersiz (DE) olmak üzere 4 gruba ayr ıldı. D ve DE gruplarına tek doz 60 mg/kg streptozotos in solüsyonu intraperitoneal olarak en- jekte edildi. E ve DE gruplarına 4 hafta, 20 m/dk hızda ve günlük 45 dk koşu bandında egzersiz yaptırıldı. Deneme sonunda elde edilen serum- lar ticari kit (Abbott) protokolüne uygun olarak bel irlendi. Bulgular: Deneme sonunda elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde, D ve DE grupları- nın glukoz de ğerlerinin kontrol gruplar ına (K ve E) göre anlaml ı dü- zeyde yüksek oldu ğu (p<0,05), ancak DE grubundak i değerlerin D grubuna göre azaldığı tespit edildi. D grubunda tiroid stimüle edici hor- mon [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)], T3 ve T4 seviyeleri K ve E grubuna kıyasla düşüş gösterdi (p<0,05). Kortizol düzeyi ise E grubunda diğer 3 gruptan daha dü şük iken, en yüksek kort izol düzeyi diyabetik grupta ölçüldü (p<0,05). DE grubunda serum TSH düzeylerinin D gru- buna kıyasla önemli oranda arttığı ve kontrol gruplarına (K ve E) ben- zerlik gösterd iği belirlendi (p<0,05). Y ine DE grubunda T3, T4 düzeylerinin D grubuna göre artma eğiliminde olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Diyabetiklerde 4 hafta süren aerobik egzersiz uygulamasının, hem glu- koz metabolizmasını iyileştirmesinde hem de kortizol ve tiroid hormon seviyelerini artırmasında oldukça etkili olduğu görülmektedir.
Comparison of the Development and Involution Periods of Bursa of Fabricius with Histological and Histochemical Methods
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2023) Kuloğlu, Hatice Yaren; Boydak, Murat
The aim of this study is to histologically and histochemically determine the developmental and involutional stages of bursa of Fabricius of henna partridge (Alectoris chukar). In the study, bursa of Fabricius of 12 3-month-old (6 males, 6 females), 12 6-month-old (6 males, 6 females) henna partridges purchased from a private farm were used. It was observed that bursa of Fabricius was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and consisted of tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica mucosa layers from the outside to the inside. It was seen that the tunica muscularis consisted of outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle fibers. It was observed that the tunica mucosa made plicae towards the lumen of the organ and consisted of 10-15 plicae. It was seen that lamina epithelialis and lymph follicles were present in each plica. It was determined that the lamina epithelialis consisted of two parts called FAE (Follicle-Associated Epithelium) and IFE (İnter Follicular Epithelium). It was noted that the lymph follicles contained cortex and medulla sections and were separated locally by capillaries together with cortical medullary boundry cells. In the M ethyl Green-pyronin staining method, plasma cells were found in the bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge, in the connective tissue surrounding the organ, around the blood vessels and inside the follicles. In AB pH=2.5 staining, AB-positive reaction was seen only in the apical part of the ep ithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS staining, PAS-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS/AB pH=2.5 combined staining method, AB-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of epithelial cells in the pre- and post-involution period. As a result of this study, it was found that bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge did not undergo any histochemical changes despite its histologically large differences after involution.
The Effects of Storage Conditions and Homogenisation Buffers on the Measurement of SOD, CAT and ADA Enzyme Activities in Cattle Liver
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Balkan, Burcu Menekşe; Meral, Öğünç; Çetintav, Bekir; Tutun, Hidayet; Özkurt, Güzin
Background: Accurate measurement of enzyme activities is very important in studies to evaluate enzymatic parameters. While performing these measurements, many factors can affect the results, including the method of obtaining the tissues, the conditions under which they are stored until analysis, and the methods of determining enzyme activity. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different storage conditions (time and temperature) and different homogenisation buffers (PBS or KCl) on the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in homogenised cattle liver. Methods: Fresh liver tissue samples were obtained from the slaughterhouse and homogenised in different homogenisation buffers. Supernatants from each sample were divided into three groups according to the experimental design of the study. SOD, CAT and ADA enzyme activities in homogenised tissues were evaluated. Results: Our data revealed that SOD, CAT and ADA activities did not differ significantly between PBS and KCl groups or between -20°C and -80°C freezing temperatures. However, our results showed that SOD levels decreased over time in both groups, CAT levels demonstrated a significant decrease from Month 0 to Month 3 and ADA levels decreased significantly over time. Conclusions: The results indicated that storage time had a significant effect on enzyme activity changes, but the effect of storage temperature and homogenisation buffer was generally limited. These results may support the measurement of enzymatic activity in liver homogenate immediately and, if necessary, after freezing for the shortest possible time.
Gross Anatomical, Histological, Histochemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of Glandular Stomach of Chinese Goose (Anser cygnoides)
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Tolgahan, Deni?z; Yaren Kuloğlu, Hatice
The digestive system is responsible for the intake, conversion and absorption of nutrients and the elimination of wastes from the body in order to provide the necessary energy for the continuation of vitality and functions. The aim of this study was to examine the glandular stomach of the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) by histological, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic methods. Methods: The glandular stomachs of 12 (6 males and 6 females) healthy adult Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were used in the study. The tissues taken were subjected to routine histological procedures. Result: Gross anatomically, it was seen that the Proventriculus was a fusiform or spindle-shaped organ, extending along the median plane between the esophagus and the muscular stomach. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed that the glandular stomach surface of Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) contained many mucosal folds. Parallel grooves and proventricular gland openings were observed between these folds. Histologically, it was observed that the glandular stomach wall of Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) consisted of four layers: tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The tunica mucosa was observed to have lamina epithelialis, lamina propria and lamina muscularis sublayers. Single layer prismatic cells secreting mucus were found in the lamina epithelialis layer. These cells showed local Alcian Blue (AB) pH:2,5 positive reaction. Lamina muscularis consisted of longitudinal smooth muscle fiber bundles. Compound, branched tubular glands were observed in the submucosal layer. Again, a regional AB positive reaction was observed in the lumen-facing parts of the tubular glands. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive reaction was noted in the basal parts of the tubular glands. In Gordon-Sweet (GS) staining method, reticular threads easily distinguished in all areas where connective tissue present.
Effectiveness of May Grunwald Giemsa staining on tissues fixed with sugar cane molasses
(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2024) Yaren Kuloğlu, Hatice; Yahyazadeh, Ahmad
Formaldehyde is a reactive chemical that reacts randomly with various cellular elements. This substance, which is also found in the natural structure of the organism, is used in many areas, from the industry to household materials, from the production of coatings in dentistry to the fixation of cadavers in laboratories. Formaldehyde is commonly used in laboratories for fixation of tissues. In this study, the staining properties of tissues fixed with low-cost sugar cane molasses, which is one of the natural sugars and organically produced in Turkey, shown by May Grunwald Giemsa staining method were compared with those of tissues fixed with buffered formol-saline. As a result, intense maceration was observed in the skin and small intestines. Considering the chromatin distribution, nucleus separation and cytoplasm staining in other tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, testis, large intestine, brain, cerebellum and lung), tissues fixed with sugarcane molasses showed similar properties to tissues fixed with buffered formal-saline.
Anatomical, histological and transmission electron microscopic examination of liver in chinese goose (Anser cygnoides)
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Çıraklı, Ali Burak; Kuloğlu, Hatice Yaren
The liver, the main organ in the continuity of energy supply, is the largest gland in the body. The liver, which has functions such as cleansing the body from toxins, synthesizing bile, secreting the synthesized bile and regulating metabolism, acts as an endocrine and exocrine gland. The liver is a complex organ that processes the digested and absorbed substances, stores them for the benefit of other organs or transfers them to the circulatory system, thus creating a transition zone between the digestive system and the circulatory system. The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) liver Anatomically, Histologically and by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Methods: In this study Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were procured from a private farm in Aksaray, 6 females and 6 males, were utilized. Result: Tissue samples were examined under a light microscope with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. Histologically, it was observed that the liver in Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) did not have the typical lobule structure, consisted of many lobules and the interlobular septum was thin. Hepatocytes were oval and centrally located and merged to form remark cords and these remark cords were separated by sinusoids. Kupffer cells were present. Lymph nodules were intensely observed in the examined tissues. Bile duct, arteria hepatica and vena porta forming the Kiernan's space were found. It was determined that each unit with the vena centralis was similar to the lobule structure. Healthy mitochondrial structures and heterochromatic-appearing hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were observed electron microscopically. The nucleus of the hepatocyte was round and euchromatic, the nuclear membrane was healthy and intact and the nucleolus was centrally located. The cytoplasm contained a very small number of small vacuoles. It was observed that the cytoplasm was homogeneously distributed. Mitochondria were normal in appearance, with regular double membranes and healthy cristae. A very prominent bile duct and a healthy endoplasmic reticulum structure were observed.
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dogs - Evaluation of Postoperative Results of the CBLO Technique
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2024) Arıcan, Mustafa; Özdil, Birol; Uzunlu, Elgin Orçum; Zamirbekova, Nuriza; Gümüş, Fehmiye
A major cause of osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs is cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Currently, many intra- and extra-articular treatment techniques are used for dogs with CCL tears. However, biomechanically based methods (Tibial Plato Levelling Osteotomy-TPLO, Tuberositas Tibia Advancemet -Standard TTA, TTA-Rapid) are often preferred. It has been suggested that it may be an alternative technique to prevent complications of the most commonly used TPLO, TTA and TTA-Rapid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-operative results of the Cora Base Levelling Osteotomy (CBLO) technique in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten dogs of different breeds, ages and weights were used as material. The operation was started from the medial surface of the tibia. The injector needles were used to locate the joint for placement of the biradial saw. The medial collateral ligament was visualised. The popliteal muscle was reflected and the popliteal artery was protected. The osteotomy was stopped when 1/3-1/2 complete and the appropriate millimetre measurements were marked for osteotomy rotation. In the pre-operative planning, D1, the distance from the patellar tendon to the tibia, D2 and the caudal extension of the area where the saw was placed. The osteotomy was started. The osteotomy was completed, the desired rotation achieved and maintained with a stabilising pin. The plate was fixed. The bone plates used were a standard 3.5 mm CBLO (Intrauma, Fixin, Italy) and in some cases a wide TPLO plate. Progress in walking and running tests was noted in 7 cases (70%) compared to the preoperative period.
Macro-anatomical Investigations on the Plexus Lumbosacralis of the Aksaray Malakli Dog
(University of Tehran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2024) Fidan, Muhammet Alperen; Özüdoğru, Zekeriya; İlgün, Ramazan
In this study, cadavers of 5 adult Aksaray Malakli breed dogs were used to examine the structure of the lumbosacral plexus, which provides innervation of the hindlimb and pelvic region. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the nerve root composition of the lumbosacral plexus, determine the branching patterns, map the nerve directions macro-anatomically, and collect data for future comparisons with similar breeds. Methods: The corpses were kept in a formaldehyde pool (10%) for 14 days. After this period, the anatomical area was dissected using appropriate techniques to identify the lumbosacral plexus nerves and roots. The course and origin of the nerves forming the plexus were identified and photographed. Results: In all 5 cadavers, the lumbosacral plexus originated from the L4-S3 nerves. The plexus comprised n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. obturatorius, n. femoralis, n. saphenous, n. pelvini, n. pudendus, n. cutaneus femoris caudalis, n. peroneus communis, and n. gluteus caudalis. Conclusion: It was determined that n. femoralis was formed from the ventral branches of the L4 and L5 nerves and the cranial branch of the L6 nerve. N. obturatorius originated from the caudal branch of L5 and the ventral branch of L6. It was determined that n. ischiadicus originated from the L6 caudal, L7 and ventral branch of S1 nerves. The femur branched into n. tibialis and n. peroneus communis (n. fibularis) at the level of extremitas distalis.
Metabolomic modelling and neuroprotective effects of carvacrol against acrylamide toxicity in rat's brain and sciatic nerve
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Durmuş, Hatipoğlu; Burak, Ateş M.; Göktuğ, Şentürk; Ayşegül, Bulut
The study aimed to investigate the harmful effects of acrylamide (AA), which forms in carbohydrate-rich foods at temperatures above 120°C, on the central and peripheral nervous systems and to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of carvacrol (CRV). Male Wistar Albino rats were subjected to AA (40 mg/kg/bw/day) and CRV (50 mg/kg/bw/day) for 15 days. Following the last administration, evaluations revealed disrupted gait, heightened thermal sensitivity and altered paw withdrawal thresholds in AA-exposed rats. Notably, AA reduced glutathione (GSH) and raised malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both brain and sciatic nerve tissues. AA raised nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), caspase 3 and nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) gene expressions while decreasing NR4A2. CRV co-administration mitigated gait abnormalities, elevated GSH levels and lowered MDA levels in both tissues. CRV also modulated gene expression, reducing Nrf2 and NF-?B while increasing NR4A2. Histopathological signs of AA-induced neurodegeneration and elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein levels observed in brain and sciatic nerve tissues were rectified with simultaneous administration of CRV, thereby demonstrating neuroprotective efficacy in both regions. This study is pioneering in demonstrating CRV's neuroprotective potential against AA-induced neurotoxicity in both central and peripheral nervous systems, effectively addressing limitations in the literature. In conclusion, the study revealed AA-induced neurodegeneration in the brain and sciatic nerve, with CRV significantly mitigating this neurotoxicity. This novel research underscores CRV's promise as a neuroprotective agent against AA-induced adverse effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
An Innovative Histochemical Analysis of Aksaray Malaklı Dog Esophagus by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Yaren Kuloğlu, Hatice; Tuncer, Işık; İlgün, Ramazan
The esophagus of the Aksaray Malaklı Dog, a local breed, was examined using macroanatomical, histological, histochemical and SEM methods. Methods: The study examined 8 adult Aksaray Malaklı dogs (4 males, 4 females) that died of various reasons and were brought to Aksaray University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital for necropsy. Macroanatomical examination of the esophagus revealed that the esophagus started from the pharynx and was divided into three parts: pars cervicalis, pars thoracalis and pars abdominalis and ended in the cardia of the gaster. It was observed that the esophageal glands seen in the submucosa were located along the entire length of the organ and consisted of many mucous-character corpus glandulae and very few serous-character-secreting corpus glandulae. Result: The glands’ secretion characteristics in the Aksaray Malaklı dog’s esophagus were determined using three different staining methods (AB pH: 2.5; AB pH: 1.0 and PAS). Gordon Sweeth’s (GS) staining method showed good staining of reticular fibers. A positive reaction was observed throughout the entire organ, except for the lamina epithelialis, the wall of blood vessels and muscle tissue. The 4 layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia) histologically distinguished in the cross-section of Aksaray Malaklı dog esophagus were also distinguished in the scanning electron microscopy findings. Esophageal glands in the submucosa, muscle bundles in the muscularis layer and abundant blood vessels in the adventitia were also observed. The esophagus examined shows significant histological similarities with those of other mammals, making this species reliable as an experimental model for digestive testing and research.
A Periodic Comparison of Harderian Gland in Henna Partridge (Alectoris chukar) According to Different Developmental Stages
(University of Tehran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2024) Kulo?lu, Hatice Yaren; Boydak, Murat
The present study aimed at determining histological structure and histochemical properties of the henna partridge (Alectoris chukar) Harderian gland periodically. Objectives: For this purpose, the Harderian glands of 12 (6 females + 6 males) healthy henna partridges aged 3 and 6 months were used. Methods: Totally removed Harderian gland tissue samples were kept in 10% neutral formolin for 36 hours and fixed. After washing, dehydrating, and polishing with known histological techniques, tissue pieces were blocked in paraffin. Results: We found that a thin connective tissue capsule surrounds the Harderian gland of the henna partridge and that the capsule sends septums into the gland and divides the gland into lobes and lobules. It was observed that the corpus glandulae consist of low or high prismatic epithelial cells. Within each lobe, there is a single main draining channel which has a very large lumen along with primary draining channels. Primary and main draining channel epithelial cells have a single-layered cuboidal structure. By Gordon-Sweet staining, it was found that reticular fiber bundles started from the connective tissue capsule that surrounded the organ and spread by branching. The reticular fiber bundles extended in thin strands to the periphery of the corpus glandulae. These reticular fiber bundles in the regions where the connective tissue septums widened are thicker and form a network. The reticular fiber bundles are seen in the basal part of the epithelial cells forming the main draining channel and especially in the crypt areas. Reticular fibers are also found around blood vessels. Strong Alcian blue (AB)-positive epithelial cells are observed in the corpus glandulae in AB pH=2.5 staining, but no periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)- positive epithelial cells are observed in PAS staining. While the majority of primary draining channel cells show a strong AB-positive reaction, a few cells showed a weak PAS-positive reaction. Regarding the main draining channel epithelium, goblet cells show a weak and strong AB-positive reaction in AB pH=2.5 staining method, respectively and a weak PAS-positive reaction in PAS staining method. Conclusion: In line with these findings, no significant difference was found in terms of general histological structure and histochemical properties of the 3- and 6-month-old henna partridge Harderian gland.
Evaluation of the protective and therapeutic effects of extra virgin olive oil rich in phenol in experimental model of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis by clinical disease score, ınflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress markers
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Bölükbaş, Ferhan; Eröz, Recep; Bölükbaş, Ferhan; Özkan, Erkan; Erdal, Hüseyin
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammation-associated ischemic necrosis of the intestine. To investigate the effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and histological changes in NEC-induced newborn rats. Materials and methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, NEC and NEC + EVOO. NEC induction was performed using hypoxia–hyperoxia, formula feeding, and cold stress. The NEC + EVOO group received 2 ml/kg EVOO with high phenolic content by gavage twice a day for 3 days. 3 cm of bowel including terminal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon was excised. Results: Weight gain and clinical disease scores were significantly higher in the NEC + EVOO group than in the NEC group (p < 0.001). EVOO treatment caused significant decreases in IL1?, IL6 levels (p = 0.016, p = 0.029 respectively) and EGF, MDA levels (p = 0.032, p = 0.013 respectively) compared to NEC group. Significant decreases were observed in IL6 gene expression in the NEC + EVOO group compared to the NEC group (p = 0.002). In the group NEC + EVOO, the number of Caspase-3 positive cells was found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and histopathological examination revealed minimal changes and significantly lower histopathological scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Phenol-rich EVOO prevents intestinal damage caused by NEC by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis.
Rye-grass-derived probiotics alleviate heat stress effects on broiler growth, health, and gut microbiota
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Hatipoğlu, Durmuş; Şentürk, Göktuğ; Aydın, Sadık Serkan; Kırar, Nurcan; Top, Şermin; Demircioğlu, İsmail
The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of liquid (S-LAB) and lyophilized (L-LAB) probiotics sourced from Rye-Grass Lactic Acid Bacteria on broilers experiencing heat stress. The study involved 240 broiler chicks divided into six groups. These groups included a negative control (Control) with broilers raised at a normal temperature (24 degrees C) on a basal diet, and positive control groups (S-LAB and L-LAB) with broilers under normal temperature receiving a lactic acid bacteria supplement (0.5 mL/L) from rye-grass in their drinking water. The heat stress group (HS) comprised broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (5-7 h per day at 34-36 degrees C) on a basal diet, while the heat stress and probiotic groups (S-LAB/HS and L-LAB/HS) consisted of broilers under heat stress supplemented with the rye-grass-derived lactic acid bacteria. Results indicated that heat stress without supplementation (HS) led to reduced body weight gain, T3 levels, citrulline, and growth hormone levels, along with an increased feed conversion ratio, serum corticosterone, HSP70, ALT, AST, and leptin levels. Heat stress also negatively impacted cecal microbiota, decreasing lactic acid bacteria (LABC) while increasing E. coli and coliform bacteria (CBC) counts. Probiotic supplements (S-LAB/HS and L-LAB/HS) mitigated these effects by enhancing broilers' resilience to heat stress. In conclusion, rye grass-derived S-LAB and L-LAB probiotics can effectively support broiler chickens under heat stress, promoting growth, liver function, hormonal balance, gut health, and cecal microbiome ecology. These benefits are likely mediated through improved gut health.
Ultrastructure of the Tongue of the German Mast Goose (Anser anser) by Scanning Electron Microscopy Before and After Plastination
(University of Punjab (new Campus, 2023) İlgün, Ramazan; Güzel, Barış Can; İlgün, Ramazan; Özkan, Zait Ender
The aim of this study was to compare the micro anatomy of the tongue in German mast geese with other bird species by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In addition, by applying the silicone plastination technique to the tongue, it is aimed to compare the SEM images before and after plastination. German mast geese used as study material were obtained from goose breeders. After the micro-anatomical features of the German goose tongue were determined, SEM (FEI-Quanta; FEG 250, USA) analyzes were made and their general structures were photographed. Then, silicone plastination processes were applied at room temperature. The SEM images of the fresh material and the plastinated material were compared by taking the SEM images again. As a result, it was determined that the features of the tongue were preserved macroscopically after the plastination process. The silicone plastination procedure of the German mast goose tissues took a total of 31 days. On the SEM plastination images, scattered dispersion was observed on the epithelium of the tongue surface, corresponding to the findings on the fresh material.
Foliküler Kistli Holstein Irkı Düvelerde Ovsynch Protokolünün Gebelik Oranları Üzerine Etkisi
(Erciyes Üniversitesi, 2023) Dursun, Şükrü; Köse, Mehmet; Kızıl, Seda Hamdi; Bulut, Gaye; Öztürk, Caner; Atlı, Mehmet; Karaşahin, Tahir
Bu çalışmada, foliküler kistli Holstein ırkı düvelerde Ovsynch programının tedavideki etkinliğini belirlemek amaçlan- dı. Özel bir süt sığırı işletmesinde, iki veya üç tohumlamadan sonra gebe kalmayan, sık düzensiz, uzun veya sürekli östrüs belirtileri gösteren 2018 yılında 19 baş, 2022 yılında 17 baş, toplam 36 baş Holstein ırkı düve on gün arayla ikişer kez rektal palpasyon (RP) ve ultrasonografi (USG) ile tekniğine uygun olarak muayene edildi. İkinci muayeneden sonra, korpus luteum (CL) yokluğunda, 25 mm'den büyük çapta folikül taşıyan düveler (2018 yılında 13, 2022 yılında 12 olmak üzere toplam 25), foliküler kist grubuna dahil edilirken, kalan (2018’de 6, 2022 ‘de 5) 11 düve kontrol grubu olarak ayrıldı. Her iki gruptaki düvelere Ovsynch protokolü uygulandı. Düveler aynı ortamda aynı rasyon ile beslendi. Düvelerin gebelik muayeneleri tohumlamadan 45 gün sonra RP ve USG ile yapıldı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS hazır paket programı kullanıldı. Gebelik oranı foliküler kist grubunda %88.0 (22/25), kontrol grubunda %72.73 (8/11) olarak tespit edildi. Grupların gebelik oranları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (P?0.05). Sonuç olarak, Ovsynch protokolünün foliküler kisti olan düvelerde kullanılabileceği kanısına varıldı.
Carvacrol alleviates acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: An Experimental insights
(Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2023) Bulut, Ayşegül; Şentürk, Göktuğ; Hatipoğlu, Durmuş; Ateş, Mehmet Burak
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of carvacrol (CRV) on rat liver against acrylamide (AA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (n:6), CRV (n:8, 50 mg/kg/ day carvacrol, i.p), AA (n:8, 40 mg/kg/day acrylamide, gavage) and AA+CRV (n:8, 40 mg/kg/day acrylamide, gavage + 50 mg/kg/day carvacrol i.p). At the end of the 15-day study period, the rats, whose blood samples were taken under anesthesia, were euthanized and necropsied. Liver function tests were examined from serums. At the same time for histological analysis, scoring, and hematoxylin-eosin staining, liver tissues were preserved in 10% formaldehyde solution. Results: In microscopic examination, it was determined that AA causes hydropic/vacuolar degeneration, fatty changes, necrosis/apoptosis, bile duct proliferation, hepatic cord dissociation, congestion, megalocytosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Parallelly, AA raised the levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. The inclusion of CRV to the diet improved histological structure and liver function tests considerably. These results show that CRV has a hepatoprotective effect by reducing AA-induced liver damage. Conclusion: This study showed that CRV attenuated AA-induced liver injury. It is considered that its preventive effect against liver damage is due to its antioxidant properties. However, more research is needed to determine the specific mechanism at the molecular level and offer therapeutic management suggestions.
Aksaray Malaklı köpeklerinde tibia ve interkondiler genişlik indeksi üzerine morfometrik bir çalışma
(İler Çamkerten, 2023) Özüdoğru, Zekeriya; Fidan, Muhammet Alperen; Gümüş, Fehmiye; İlgün, Ramazan
Bu çalışma Aksaray Malaklı köpeklerinde tibia ve interkondiler genişlik indeksinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 6 erkek ve 6 dişi olmak üzere toplamda 12 adet erişkin Aksaray Malaklı ırkı köpeğin toplam 14 adet tibia kemiği kullanılmıştır. Caudal yüzü kasete dönük olacak şekilde ve condylus lateralis ile condylus medialis’in uçları kasete temas edecek biçimde radyografisi çekilen tibia kemiklerinin ölçümü aynı cihaz üzerinde yapıldı (Fujifilm Fcr Prima T2 FVS-1000). İnterkondiler genişlik ölçümü için eminentia intercondylaris’i oluşturan iki çıkıntı üzerine doğrusal iki çizgi çizilerek bu iki çizgi arası, tibial plato ölçümü için condylus medialis ve condylus lateralis’in en uç kısımları arasında doğrusal bir çizgi çekilerek oluşan bu çizgi uzunluğu baz alındı. İntercondiler Genişlik İndeksi (ICWI), “interkondiler genişlik*tibial plato genişliği / 100’’ formülü kullanılarak hesaplandı. Çalışmada kullanılan materyallerin tamamının ICWI indeksi ortalaması 20,09±2,48 cm, tibia uzunluğu 25,10±2,36 cm, gövde genişliği 2,12±0,41 cm, tibial plato genişliği 5,20±0,51 cm ve interkondiler genişlik ortalaması 1,06±0,19 cm olarak ölçüldü. Cinsiyetler arasındaki farkı anlayabilmek için Mann-Whitney U testi uygulaması yapılmış ancak istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark (p=0,798) bulunamamıştır. Yapılan çalışmada cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel bir fark olmamakla birlikte; dişilerin ICWI indeksi ortalamasının (19,98±2,50 cm) erkeklere (20,19±2,65) nazaran daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; yapılan bu çalışmada, İntercondiler Genişlik İndeksi (ICWI)’nin CrCL ruptur insidansını etkilediği düşünülmektedir.

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