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Öğe Gross Anatomical, Histological, Histochemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of Glandular Stomach of Chinese Goose (Anser cygnoides)(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Tolgahan, Deni?z; Yaren Kuloğlu, HaticeThe digestive system is responsible for the intake, conversion and absorption of nutrients and the elimination of wastes from the body in order to provide the necessary energy for the continuation of vitality and functions. The aim of this study was to examine the glandular stomach of the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) by histological, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic methods. Methods: The glandular stomachs of 12 (6 males and 6 females) healthy adult Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were used in the study. The tissues taken were subjected to routine histological procedures. Result: Gross anatomically, it was seen that the Proventriculus was a fusiform or spindle-shaped organ, extending along the median plane between the esophagus and the muscular stomach. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed that the glandular stomach surface of Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) contained many mucosal folds. Parallel grooves and proventricular gland openings were observed between these folds. Histologically, it was observed that the glandular stomach wall of Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) consisted of four layers: tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The tunica mucosa was observed to have lamina epithelialis, lamina propria and lamina muscularis sublayers. Single layer prismatic cells secreting mucus were found in the lamina epithelialis layer. These cells showed local Alcian Blue (AB) pH:2,5 positive reaction. Lamina muscularis consisted of longitudinal smooth muscle fiber bundles. Compound, branched tubular glands were observed in the submucosal layer. Again, a regional AB positive reaction was observed in the lumen-facing parts of the tubular glands. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive reaction was noted in the basal parts of the tubular glands. In Gordon-Sweet (GS) staining method, reticular threads easily distinguished in all areas where connective tissue present.Öğe Effectiveness of May Grunwald Giemsa staining on tissues fixed with sugar cane molasses(İlker ÇAMKERTEN, 2024) Yaren Kuloğlu, Hatice; Yahyazadeh, AhmadFormaldehyde is a reactive chemical that reacts randomly with various cellular elements. This substance, which is also found in the natural structure of the organism, is used in many areas, from the industry to household materials, from the production of coatings in dentistry to the fixation of cadavers in laboratories. Formaldehyde is commonly used in laboratories for fixation of tissues. In this study, the staining properties of tissues fixed with low-cost sugar cane molasses, which is one of the natural sugars and organically produced in Turkey, shown by May Grunwald Giemsa staining method were compared with those of tissues fixed with buffered formol-saline. As a result, intense maceration was observed in the skin and small intestines. Considering the chromatin distribution, nucleus separation and cytoplasm staining in other tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, testis, large intestine, brain, cerebellum and lung), tissues fixed with sugarcane molasses showed similar properties to tissues fixed with buffered formal-saline.Öğe Anatomical, histological and transmission electron microscopic examination of liver in chinese goose (Anser cygnoides)(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Çıraklı, Ali Burak; Kuloğlu, Hatice YarenThe liver, the main organ in the continuity of energy supply, is the largest gland in the body. The liver, which has functions such as cleansing the body from toxins, synthesizing bile, secreting the synthesized bile and regulating metabolism, acts as an endocrine and exocrine gland. The liver is a complex organ that processes the digested and absorbed substances, stores them for the benefit of other organs or transfers them to the circulatory system, thus creating a transition zone between the digestive system and the circulatory system. The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) liver Anatomically, Histologically and by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Methods: In this study Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were procured from a private farm in Aksaray, 6 females and 6 males, were utilized. Result: Tissue samples were examined under a light microscope with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. Histologically, it was observed that the liver in Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) did not have the typical lobule structure, consisted of many lobules and the interlobular septum was thin. Hepatocytes were oval and centrally located and merged to form remark cords and these remark cords were separated by sinusoids. Kupffer cells were present. Lymph nodules were intensely observed in the examined tissues. Bile duct, arteria hepatica and vena porta forming the Kiernan's space were found. It was determined that each unit with the vena centralis was similar to the lobule structure. Healthy mitochondrial structures and heterochromatic-appearing hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were observed electron microscopically. The nucleus of the hepatocyte was round and euchromatic, the nuclear membrane was healthy and intact and the nucleolus was centrally located. The cytoplasm contained a very small number of small vacuoles. It was observed that the cytoplasm was homogeneously distributed. Mitochondria were normal in appearance, with regular double membranes and healthy cristae. A very prominent bile duct and a healthy endoplasmic reticulum structure were observed.Öğe Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dogs - Evaluation of Postoperative Results of the CBLO Technique(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2024) Arıcan, Mustafa; Özdil, Birol; Uzunlu, Elgin Orçum; Zamirbekova, Nuriza; Gümüş, FehmiyeA major cause of osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs is cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Currently, many intra- and extra-articular treatment techniques are used for dogs with CCL tears. However, biomechanically based methods (Tibial Plato Levelling Osteotomy-TPLO, Tuberositas Tibia Advancemet -Standard TTA, TTA-Rapid) are often preferred. It has been suggested that it may be an alternative technique to prevent complications of the most commonly used TPLO, TTA and TTA-Rapid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-operative results of the Cora Base Levelling Osteotomy (CBLO) technique in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten dogs of different breeds, ages and weights were used as material. The operation was started from the medial surface of the tibia. The injector needles were used to locate the joint for placement of the biradial saw. The medial collateral ligament was visualised. The popliteal muscle was reflected and the popliteal artery was protected. The osteotomy was stopped when 1/3-1/2 complete and the appropriate millimetre measurements were marked for osteotomy rotation. In the pre-operative planning, D1, the distance from the patellar tendon to the tibia, D2 and the caudal extension of the area where the saw was placed. The osteotomy was started. The osteotomy was completed, the desired rotation achieved and maintained with a stabilising pin. The plate was fixed. The bone plates used were a standard 3.5 mm CBLO (Intrauma, Fixin, Italy) and in some cases a wide TPLO plate. Progress in walking and running tests was noted in 7 cases (70%) compared to the preoperative period.Öğe Macro-anatomical Investigations on the Plexus Lumbosacralis of the Aksaray Malakli Dog(University of Tehran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2024) Fidan, Muhammet Alperen; Özüdoğru, Zekeriya; İlgün, RamazanIn this study, cadavers of 5 adult Aksaray Malakli breed dogs were used to examine the structure of the lumbosacral plexus, which provides innervation of the hindlimb and pelvic region. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the nerve root composition of the lumbosacral plexus, determine the branching patterns, map the nerve directions macro-anatomically, and collect data for future comparisons with similar breeds. Methods: The corpses were kept in a formaldehyde pool (10%) for 14 days. After this period, the anatomical area was dissected using appropriate techniques to identify the lumbosacral plexus nerves and roots. The course and origin of the nerves forming the plexus were identified and photographed. Results: In all 5 cadavers, the lumbosacral plexus originated from the L4-S3 nerves. The plexus comprised n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. obturatorius, n. femoralis, n. saphenous, n. pelvini, n. pudendus, n. cutaneus femoris caudalis, n. peroneus communis, and n. gluteus caudalis. Conclusion: It was determined that n. femoralis was formed from the ventral branches of the L4 and L5 nerves and the cranial branch of the L6 nerve. N. obturatorius originated from the caudal branch of L5 and the ventral branch of L6. It was determined that n. ischiadicus originated from the L6 caudal, L7 and ventral branch of S1 nerves. The femur branched into n. tibialis and n. peroneus communis (n. fibularis) at the level of extremitas distalis.Öğe Metabolomic modelling and neuroprotective effects of carvacrol against acrylamide toxicity in rat's brain and sciatic nerve(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Durmuş, Hatipoğlu; Burak, Ateş M.; Göktuğ, Şentürk; Ayşegül, BulutThe study aimed to investigate the harmful effects of acrylamide (AA), which forms in carbohydrate-rich foods at temperatures above 120°C, on the central and peripheral nervous systems and to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of carvacrol (CRV). Male Wistar Albino rats were subjected to AA (40 mg/kg/bw/day) and CRV (50 mg/kg/bw/day) for 15 days. Following the last administration, evaluations revealed disrupted gait, heightened thermal sensitivity and altered paw withdrawal thresholds in AA-exposed rats. Notably, AA reduced glutathione (GSH) and raised malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both brain and sciatic nerve tissues. AA raised nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), caspase 3 and nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) gene expressions while decreasing NR4A2. CRV co-administration mitigated gait abnormalities, elevated GSH levels and lowered MDA levels in both tissues. CRV also modulated gene expression, reducing Nrf2 and NF-?B while increasing NR4A2. Histopathological signs of AA-induced neurodegeneration and elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein levels observed in brain and sciatic nerve tissues were rectified with simultaneous administration of CRV, thereby demonstrating neuroprotective efficacy in both regions. This study is pioneering in demonstrating CRV's neuroprotective potential against AA-induced neurotoxicity in both central and peripheral nervous systems, effectively addressing limitations in the literature. In conclusion, the study revealed AA-induced neurodegeneration in the brain and sciatic nerve, with CRV significantly mitigating this neurotoxicity. This novel research underscores CRV's promise as a neuroprotective agent against AA-induced adverse effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.Öğe An Innovative Histochemical Analysis of Aksaray Malaklı Dog Esophagus by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Yaren Kuloğlu, Hatice; Tuncer, Işık; İlgün, RamazanThe esophagus of the Aksaray Malaklı Dog, a local breed, was examined using macroanatomical, histological, histochemical and SEM methods. Methods: The study examined 8 adult Aksaray Malaklı dogs (4 males, 4 females) that died of various reasons and were brought to Aksaray University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital for necropsy. Macroanatomical examination of the esophagus revealed that the esophagus started from the pharynx and was divided into three parts: pars cervicalis, pars thoracalis and pars abdominalis and ended in the cardia of the gaster. It was observed that the esophageal glands seen in the submucosa were located along the entire length of the organ and consisted of many mucous-character corpus glandulae and very few serous-character-secreting corpus glandulae. Result: The glands’ secretion characteristics in the Aksaray Malaklı dog’s esophagus were determined using three different staining methods (AB pH: 2.5; AB pH: 1.0 and PAS). Gordon Sweeth’s (GS) staining method showed good staining of reticular fibers. A positive reaction was observed throughout the entire organ, except for the lamina epithelialis, the wall of blood vessels and muscle tissue. The 4 layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia) histologically distinguished in the cross-section of Aksaray Malaklı dog esophagus were also distinguished in the scanning electron microscopy findings. Esophageal glands in the submucosa, muscle bundles in the muscularis layer and abundant blood vessels in the adventitia were also observed. The esophagus examined shows significant histological similarities with those of other mammals, making this species reliable as an experimental model for digestive testing and research.Öğe A Periodic Comparison of Harderian Gland in Henna Partridge (Alectoris chukar) According to Different Developmental Stages(University of Tehran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2024) Kulo?lu, Hatice Yaren; Boydak, MuratThe present study aimed at determining histological structure and histochemical properties of the henna partridge (Alectoris chukar) Harderian gland periodically. Objectives: For this purpose, the Harderian glands of 12 (6 females + 6 males) healthy henna partridges aged 3 and 6 months were used. Methods: Totally removed Harderian gland tissue samples were kept in 10% neutral formolin for 36 hours and fixed. After washing, dehydrating, and polishing with known histological techniques, tissue pieces were blocked in paraffin. Results: We found that a thin connective tissue capsule surrounds the Harderian gland of the henna partridge and that the capsule sends septums into the gland and divides the gland into lobes and lobules. It was observed that the corpus glandulae consist of low or high prismatic epithelial cells. Within each lobe, there is a single main draining channel which has a very large lumen along with primary draining channels. Primary and main draining channel epithelial cells have a single-layered cuboidal structure. By Gordon-Sweet staining, it was found that reticular fiber bundles started from the connective tissue capsule that surrounded the organ and spread by branching. The reticular fiber bundles extended in thin strands to the periphery of the corpus glandulae. These reticular fiber bundles in the regions where the connective tissue septums widened are thicker and form a network. The reticular fiber bundles are seen in the basal part of the epithelial cells forming the main draining channel and especially in the crypt areas. Reticular fibers are also found around blood vessels. Strong Alcian blue (AB)-positive epithelial cells are observed in the corpus glandulae in AB pH=2.5 staining, but no periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)- positive epithelial cells are observed in PAS staining. While the majority of primary draining channel cells show a strong AB-positive reaction, a few cells showed a weak PAS-positive reaction. Regarding the main draining channel epithelium, goblet cells show a weak and strong AB-positive reaction in AB pH=2.5 staining method, respectively and a weak PAS-positive reaction in PAS staining method. Conclusion: In line with these findings, no significant difference was found in terms of general histological structure and histochemical properties of the 3- and 6-month-old henna partridge Harderian gland.Öğe Evaluation of the protective and therapeutic effects of extra virgin olive oil rich in phenol in experimental model of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis by clinical disease score, ınflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress markers(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Bölükbaş, Ferhan; Eröz, Recep; Bölükbaş, Ferhan; Özkan, Erkan; Erdal, HüseyinNecrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammation-associated ischemic necrosis of the intestine. To investigate the effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and histological changes in NEC-induced newborn rats. Materials and methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, NEC and NEC + EVOO. NEC induction was performed using hypoxia–hyperoxia, formula feeding, and cold stress. The NEC + EVOO group received 2 ml/kg EVOO with high phenolic content by gavage twice a day for 3 days. 3 cm of bowel including terminal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon was excised. Results: Weight gain and clinical disease scores were significantly higher in the NEC + EVOO group than in the NEC group (p < 0.001). EVOO treatment caused significant decreases in IL1?, IL6 levels (p = 0.016, p = 0.029 respectively) and EGF, MDA levels (p = 0.032, p = 0.013 respectively) compared to NEC group. Significant decreases were observed in IL6 gene expression in the NEC + EVOO group compared to the NEC group (p = 0.002). In the group NEC + EVOO, the number of Caspase-3 positive cells was found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and histopathological examination revealed minimal changes and significantly lower histopathological scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Phenol-rich EVOO prevents intestinal damage caused by NEC by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis.Öğe Rye-grass-derived probiotics alleviate heat stress effects on broiler growth, health, and gut microbiota(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Hatipoğlu, Durmuş; Şentürk, Göktuğ; Aydın, Sadık Serkan; Kırar, Nurcan; Top, Şermin; Demircioğlu, İsmailThe primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of liquid (S-LAB) and lyophilized (L-LAB) probiotics sourced from Rye-Grass Lactic Acid Bacteria on broilers experiencing heat stress. The study involved 240 broiler chicks divided into six groups. These groups included a negative control (Control) with broilers raised at a normal temperature (24 degrees C) on a basal diet, and positive control groups (S-LAB and L-LAB) with broilers under normal temperature receiving a lactic acid bacteria supplement (0.5 mL/L) from rye-grass in their drinking water. The heat stress group (HS) comprised broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (5-7 h per day at 34-36 degrees C) on a basal diet, while the heat stress and probiotic groups (S-LAB/HS and L-LAB/HS) consisted of broilers under heat stress supplemented with the rye-grass-derived lactic acid bacteria. Results indicated that heat stress without supplementation (HS) led to reduced body weight gain, T3 levels, citrulline, and growth hormone levels, along with an increased feed conversion ratio, serum corticosterone, HSP70, ALT, AST, and leptin levels. Heat stress also negatively impacted cecal microbiota, decreasing lactic acid bacteria (LABC) while increasing E. coli and coliform bacteria (CBC) counts. Probiotic supplements (S-LAB/HS and L-LAB/HS) mitigated these effects by enhancing broilers' resilience to heat stress. In conclusion, rye grass-derived S-LAB and L-LAB probiotics can effectively support broiler chickens under heat stress, promoting growth, liver function, hormonal balance, gut health, and cecal microbiome ecology. These benefits are likely mediated through improved gut health.Öğe Ultrastructure of the Tongue of the German Mast Goose (Anser anser) by Scanning Electron Microscopy Before and After Plastination(University of Punjab (new Campus, 2023) İlgün, Ramazan; Güzel, Barış Can; İlgün, Ramazan; Özkan, Zait EnderThe aim of this study was to compare the micro anatomy of the tongue in German mast geese with other bird species by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In addition, by applying the silicone plastination technique to the tongue, it is aimed to compare the SEM images before and after plastination. German mast geese used as study material were obtained from goose breeders. After the micro-anatomical features of the German goose tongue were determined, SEM (FEI-Quanta; FEG 250, USA) analyzes were made and their general structures were photographed. Then, silicone plastination processes were applied at room temperature. The SEM images of the fresh material and the plastinated material were compared by taking the SEM images again. As a result, it was determined that the features of the tongue were preserved macroscopically after the plastination process. The silicone plastination procedure of the German mast goose tissues took a total of 31 days. On the SEM plastination images, scattered dispersion was observed on the epithelium of the tongue surface, corresponding to the findings on the fresh material.Öğe Foliküler Kistli Holstein Irkı Düvelerde Ovsynch Protokolünün Gebelik Oranları Üzerine Etkisi(Erciyes Üniversitesi, 2023) Dursun, Şükrü; Köse, Mehmet; Kızıl, Seda Hamdi; Bulut, Gaye; Öztürk, Caner; Atlı, Mehmet; Karaşahin, TahirBu çalışmada, foliküler kistli Holstein ırkı düvelerde Ovsynch programının tedavideki etkinliğini belirlemek amaçlan- dı. Özel bir süt sığırı işletmesinde, iki veya üç tohumlamadan sonra gebe kalmayan, sık düzensiz, uzun veya sürekli östrüs belirtileri gösteren 2018 yılında 19 baş, 2022 yılında 17 baş, toplam 36 baş Holstein ırkı düve on gün arayla ikişer kez rektal palpasyon (RP) ve ultrasonografi (USG) ile tekniğine uygun olarak muayene edildi. İkinci muayeneden sonra, korpus luteum (CL) yokluğunda, 25 mm'den büyük çapta folikül taşıyan düveler (2018 yılında 13, 2022 yılında 12 olmak üzere toplam 25), foliküler kist grubuna dahil edilirken, kalan (2018’de 6, 2022 ‘de 5) 11 düve kontrol grubu olarak ayrıldı. Her iki gruptaki düvelere Ovsynch protokolü uygulandı. Düveler aynı ortamda aynı rasyon ile beslendi. Düvelerin gebelik muayeneleri tohumlamadan 45 gün sonra RP ve USG ile yapıldı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS hazır paket programı kullanıldı. Gebelik oranı foliküler kist grubunda %88.0 (22/25), kontrol grubunda %72.73 (8/11) olarak tespit edildi. Grupların gebelik oranları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (P?0.05). Sonuç olarak, Ovsynch protokolünün foliküler kisti olan düvelerde kullanılabileceği kanısına varıldı.Öğe Carvacrol alleviates acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: An Experimental insights(Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2023) Bulut, Ayşegül; Şentürk, Göktuğ; Hatipoğlu, Durmuş; Ateş, Mehmet BurakThis study aimed to investigate the protective effects of carvacrol (CRV) on rat liver against acrylamide (AA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (n:6), CRV (n:8, 50 mg/kg/ day carvacrol, i.p), AA (n:8, 40 mg/kg/day acrylamide, gavage) and AA+CRV (n:8, 40 mg/kg/day acrylamide, gavage + 50 mg/kg/day carvacrol i.p). At the end of the 15-day study period, the rats, whose blood samples were taken under anesthesia, were euthanized and necropsied. Liver function tests were examined from serums. At the same time for histological analysis, scoring, and hematoxylin-eosin staining, liver tissues were preserved in 10% formaldehyde solution. Results: In microscopic examination, it was determined that AA causes hydropic/vacuolar degeneration, fatty changes, necrosis/apoptosis, bile duct proliferation, hepatic cord dissociation, congestion, megalocytosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Parallelly, AA raised the levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. The inclusion of CRV to the diet improved histological structure and liver function tests considerably. These results show that CRV has a hepatoprotective effect by reducing AA-induced liver damage. Conclusion: This study showed that CRV attenuated AA-induced liver injury. It is considered that its preventive effect against liver damage is due to its antioxidant properties. However, more research is needed to determine the specific mechanism at the molecular level and offer therapeutic management suggestions.Öğe Aksaray Malaklı köpeklerinde tibia ve interkondiler genişlik indeksi üzerine morfometrik bir çalışma(İler Çamkerten, 2023) Özüdoğru, Zekeriya; Fidan, Muhammet Alperen; Gümüş, Fehmiye; İlgün, RamazanBu çalışma Aksaray Malaklı köpeklerinde tibia ve interkondiler genişlik indeksinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 6 erkek ve 6 dişi olmak üzere toplamda 12 adet erişkin Aksaray Malaklı ırkı köpeğin toplam 14 adet tibia kemiği kullanılmıştır. Caudal yüzü kasete dönük olacak şekilde ve condylus lateralis ile condylus medialis’in uçları kasete temas edecek biçimde radyografisi çekilen tibia kemiklerinin ölçümü aynı cihaz üzerinde yapıldı (Fujifilm Fcr Prima T2 FVS-1000). İnterkondiler genişlik ölçümü için eminentia intercondylaris’i oluşturan iki çıkıntı üzerine doğrusal iki çizgi çizilerek bu iki çizgi arası, tibial plato ölçümü için condylus medialis ve condylus lateralis’in en uç kısımları arasında doğrusal bir çizgi çekilerek oluşan bu çizgi uzunluğu baz alındı. İntercondiler Genişlik İndeksi (ICWI), “interkondiler genişlik*tibial plato genişliği / 100’’ formülü kullanılarak hesaplandı. Çalışmada kullanılan materyallerin tamamının ICWI indeksi ortalaması 20,09±2,48 cm, tibia uzunluğu 25,10±2,36 cm, gövde genişliği 2,12±0,41 cm, tibial plato genişliği 5,20±0,51 cm ve interkondiler genişlik ortalaması 1,06±0,19 cm olarak ölçüldü. Cinsiyetler arasındaki farkı anlayabilmek için Mann-Whitney U testi uygulaması yapılmış ancak istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark (p=0,798) bulunamamıştır. Yapılan çalışmada cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel bir fark olmamakla birlikte; dişilerin ICWI indeksi ortalamasının (19,98±2,50 cm) erkeklere (20,19±2,65) nazaran daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; yapılan bu çalışmada, İntercondiler Genişlik İndeksi (ICWI)’nin CrCL ruptur insidansını etkilediği düşünülmektedir.Öğe Hematological Parameters in Hair Goats During and out of Breeding Season Hair Goats Seasonal Hematological Parameters(University of Tehran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2023) Karaşahi?n, Tahir; Dursun, Şükrü; Aksoy, Neşe Hayat; Şentürk, GöktuğThe hair goat of Anatolia is a breed that has adapted to rugged and mountainous areas and is known to be very resistant to diseases. As the world faces the problem of climate change, we believe that knowing the hematological characteristics of hair goats will provide great benefits for goat breeding. Objectives: This study was performed to determine possible differences in the blood parameters of adult (male and female) hair goats during and out of the breeding season. Methods: For this purpose, blood samples were taken from clinically healthy adult male and female hair goats (n=36, 3-4 years old) in the spring and autumn seasons. Regarding the whole blood, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), mean red blood cell hemoglobin (MCH), average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) values were determined. Results: In the study, MCV values in males were not significantly (P?0.05) different between spring and autumn, while all other parameters showed significant differences (P?0.05). In females, WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and RDW blood values were higher in the autumn (estrus period) than in the spring (anestrus period), and the differences were found to be significant (P?0.05). Comparing males and females between the estrus and anestrus seasons, WBC and MCHC were found to be significantly different (P?0.05) between males and females in May. In contrast, the difference between other parameters was not significant. In October (estrus season), the MCV value was not significantly different between males and females; however, all other parameters were significantly different (P?0.05). Conclusion: As a result, there were significant differences in hematological parameters of hair goats based on gender and the breeding season.Öğe Craniometric comparisons of the skull of male and female Malaklı Dogs usıng 3-dimensional imaging: a computed tomography (ct) study(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2023) Güzel, B.C.; Baygeldi, B.; Demircioğlu, İ.; İlgün, Ramazan; Özkan, Z.E.The skull is an important anatomical structure to discern dog breeds and wolves from dogs. For this purpose, skull morphology and some morphometric measurements of Malakli dogs, a local breed in the Aksaray region, were examined. Thirty-one distances were measured, and the skulls, which were computerized tomography, were converted into three-dimensional (3D) images in fourteen skulls (7 male-7 and female) of adult dogs. Different morphological features and statistical findings that were not revealed by taking measurements from 30 distinct anatomical points of Aksaray Malakli dog skull bones were determined in accordance with the literature. It was determined that males were greatest than females in most of the osteometric measurements as well as in surface area and volume measurements. Through examination of the cranial morphometric characteristics and 3D images of Aksaray Malakli dogs, the results of this study demonstrated differences between the sexes. In addition to showing some similarities to the cranial structure of several carnivores, there are also some different anatomic characteristics.Öğe The Effects of In Ovo Administered Monosodium Glutamate on the Embryonic Development of Skeletal Muscle in Chickens(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, 2023) Bölükbaşı, FerhanThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in ovo administration on embryonic skeletal muscle development in chicken embryos, using histological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. In this study, a total of 410 fertilized chicken eggs were used and were divided into five group as control, vehicle control, low-dose group (0.12 mg/g egg MSG), medium-dose group (0.6 mg/g egg MSG), and high-dose group (1.2 mg/g egg MSG). At incubation days 18 and 21, eggs from each group were opened and six live embryos were obtained. The embryos were sacrificed by decapitation, and skeletal muscle tissue samples (musculus fibularis longus and musculus sternocoracoideus pectoralis) were obtained. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Moreover, caspase-3 reactivity was determined using the immunohistochemical method. Muscle development was delayed in the MSG groups and the number of caspase3-positive cells was higher (p < 0.05) than in the controls. Histopathological examinations revealed degenerative and necrotic changes in the skeletal muscle. Muscle degeneration (edema, muscle fiber degeneration, Zenker’s necrosis, and mononuclear cell infiltrations) were observed in all groups, except for the control groups. It was concluded that MSG could adversely affect the development of the skeletal muscle.Öğe Evaluation of the levels of metalloproteinases as well as markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung tissues after malathion and rutin administrations to rats(Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022) Gür, Cihan; Kandemir, Fatih MehmetMalathion (MLT) is an important environmental pollutant in the organophosphate class. Rutin (RUT), on the other hand, is one of the flavonoid family members whose effectiveness against various toxic agents has been extensively studied. In the present study, the effects of MLT and RUT treatments on oxidative stress, apoptosis and metalloproteinases in lung tissues of rats were investigated. In the study, MDA, GSH, Nrf2, HO-1, MMP2, MMP9 and caspase-3 levels in lung tissues were analyzed by biochemical or RT-PCR method after rats received MLT and/or RUT treatment for 28 days. The data showed that MLT-induced MDA levels decreased after RUT treatment. In addition, it was determined that Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA transcript levels and GSH levels suppressed by MLT approached the control group levels after RUT treatment. MLT up-regulated the expression of metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) in lung tissues, while RUT down-regulated the expression of these genes. In addition, it was observed that MLT triggered caspase-3 expression, while RUT exerted an anti-apoptotic effect by suppressing caspase-3. As a result, it was determined that while MLT showed toxic effects in the lung tissues of rats through oxidative stress, apoptosis and metalloproteinases, RUT could alleviate these toxic effects.Öğe A morphometric study on skulls of Hasmer and Hasak sheep breeds(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2023) Can, Mehmet; Özudoğru, Zekeriya; İlgün, RamazanThe aim of the study was to investigate the head structures of two domestic sheep breeds (Hasak and Hasmer) in Turkey. Gender neutral eight adult Hasmer sheep of 45-66 kg and eight Hasak sheep breeds of 43-66 kg obtained from Bahri Dag.das, International Agricultural Research Institute were used in this study. Measurements were made using digital caliper from 40 points on the skulls of both species. The skull of Hasmer sheep (265.56 +/- 14.08) was longer than the skull of Hasak sheep (262.86 +/- 9.65). However, the length of the arcus alveolaris maxillaris (77.01 +/- 5.08), the length of the molar teeth (50.81 +/- 1.22) and the length of the premolar teeth (26.16 +/- 4.62) of Hasak sheep were compared to the Hasmer sheep (71.59, +/- 5.25; 47.99 +/- 3.64; 24.03 +/- 3.76, respectively) was observed to be greater. According to these findings, although the skull length of Hasak sheep was shorter than that of Hasmer sheep and arcus alveolaris maxillaris in which molar and premolar teeth were placed was longer. In Hasmer sheep the values of greatest breadth of the foramen magnum, height of the foramen magnum (basion - opisthion), greatest neurocranium breadth-greatest breadth of the braincase (euryon - euryon) were higher than those of Hasak sheep. The difference between these values was also statistically significant (p <0.05). The lateral length of the premaxilla (nasointermaxillare- prosthion) parameter measured between these two species was statistically very important (p <0.01). In conclusion, in this study craniometric values depending on skull morphology of Hasmer and Hasak sheep which accepted as native breeds of Turkey were tried, to reveal similarities and differences with other sheep breeds in both amongst themselves.Öğe Investigation of the effects of monosodium glutamate on the embryonic development of the eye in chickens(MDPI, 2023) Bölükbaş, Ferhan; Öznurlu, YaseminMSG is the most ubiquitous food additive in the food industry. The aim of this report was to investigate the effects of in ovo MSG administration on embryonic chicken eye development using histological and histometric methods. A total of 410 fertilized eggs obtained from Babcock Brown laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used and divided into 5 groups: I (untreated control), II (vehicle control), III (0.12 mg/g egg MSG), IV (0.6 mg/g egg MSG), and V (1.2 mg/g egg MSG), and injections were performed via the egg yolk. At incubation day 15, 18, and 21, 6 embryos from each group were sacrificed by decapitation and pieces of eye tissue were obtained. In all MSG groups, it was determined that both corneal epithelium thickness and total corneal thickness decreased at incubation time points 15, 18, and 21 days compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The total retinal thickness, thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), ganglion cell layer (GL), and nerve fibre layers (NFL), as well as the number of ganglion cells decreased significantly at incubation days 15, 18, and 21 (p < 0.05), and degenerative changes such as vacuolar degeneration and retinal pigment epithelial detachment were also observed. In conclusion, MSG in ovo administration can affect the cornea and distinct layers of retinal cells.
