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    Assessment of resources for geotourism development: integrated SWARA?COBRA approach under spherical fuzzy environments
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Zorlu, Kuttusi; Tuncer, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Ali
    Determining the quantitative values of geosites, which constitute the primary supply sources of geotourism, has an important role in developing geotourism. For this reason, the number of studies determining the values of geosites according to various factors is increasing daily. Although these studies make significant contributions to the literature, the problem of objectivity in geosite evaluation stages is still seen as an important issue. In particular, the fact that hesitant, uncertain, and ambiguous information from evaluators prevents objectivity in geosite evaluations is still controversial. In this context, this study aims to adapt fuzzy set-based MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) methods to geosite evaluation. For this purpose, SFSs (Spherical Fuzzy Sets), the new version of fuzzy sets, were used in integration with SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis)-COBRA (Comprehensive Distance-Based Ranking) methods. This methodological approach allows for minimising uncertain and ambiguous judgments arising from decision-makers. This proposed methodology was tested as a case study on six geosites selected from two districts of Aksaray province (G & uuml;zelyurt and G & uuml;la & gbreve;a & ccedil;) in T & uuml;rkiye. According to the findings, significant differences were detected between traditional geosite evaluation approaches and the approach proposed in this study, both in weighting the criteria and ranking geosites. These results show that the proposed methodological approach can be a useful tool in reducing the objectivity problem frequently encountered in evaluating geosites. In this context, the proposed method is expected to contribute to the level of theoretical knowledge that will form the basis of geosites.
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    The effect of COVID-19 on tourists' attitudes and travel intentions: an empirical study on camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during COVID-19
    (Established Publishers, 2023) Zorlu, Kuttusi; Tuncer, Mehmet; Taskin, Grant Altay
    Purpose - In this study, visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during the pandemic were investigated using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The model has been extended to include constructs such as risk perception and risk aversion attitudes that stem from COVID-19 to predict visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions. Design/methodology/approach - The data were collected through an online questionnaire from 432 participants who have experience and interest in camping/glamping tourism in Turkey. The responses were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings - The findings show that besides the basic TPB structures, other added variables also significantly affect visitors' attitudes and intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that the risk perception and risk aversion attitude derived from COVID-19 increase negative emotions in visitors and decreased behavioural intentions. Research limitations/implications - The results of the study are discussed for future research as well as its academic and practical implications. Originality/value - This theoretical expansion is thought to increase the theory's predictive power in predicting visitors' behaviour during the pandemic.