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Öğe A one-year descriptive epidemiology of zoonotic abortifacient pathogen bacteria in farm animals in Turkey(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Sakmanoğlu, Aslı; Uslu, Ali; Sayın, Zafer; Sanioğlu Gölen, Gökçenur; İlban, Ayşegül; Padron-Perez, Beatriz; Karyeyen, Yasemin; Gök, Ayten; Tekindal, Mustafa Agah; Erganiş, OsmanThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of 10 suspicious pathogenic bacteria in 250 stomach contents of aborted calf, lamb, and goat foetuses in 2019. The 155 positive samples obtained from PCR consisted of 53 (58.88 %) bacteria from 90 lamb samples, 10 (43.47 %) bacteria from 23 goat samples, and 92 (67.15 %) bacteria from 137 calf samples. The five most common bacteria associated with abortions were Brucella melitensis, 52 (20.9 %); B. abortus, 13 (5.2 %); Leptospira spp., 34 (13.6 %); Campylobacter fetus, 52 (20.9 %); and Coxiella burnetii, 4 (1.6 %). The highest rate of B. melitensis (65.4 %), B. abortus (69.2 %), Leptospira spp. (67.6 %), and C. fetus (50 %) was detected in the aborted calf samples. The highest individual rate was that of C. fetus (5.2 %). The flock-herd rates of B. melitensis, B. abortus, Leptospira spp., C. fetus, and C. burnetii infections in the 29 farms studied were 34.48 %, 20.69 %, 62.06 %, 82.75 %, and 3.44 %, respectively, with a confidence level and interval of 95 %. The frequency of abortions caused by Leptospira spp. and Campylobacter fetus may be related to increasing in B. melitensis. The rates of aborted calf, lamb, and goat foetuses among the various sampling periods and regions were significantly (P < 0.01) different. In conclusion, precautions should be applied to reduce the spread of these bacterial agents in high-risk areas and to eliminate the risk of harbouring these zoonotic infections in humans. Therefore, these results must be taken into account in the development of control and protection strategies against abortions in animals.Öğe Comparison of total IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to a novel trivalent recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine containing serotype 6(Academic Press, 2025) Balevi, Aslı; İlban, Ayşegül; Uslu, Ali; Toslak, Emine Eda; Sayın, Zafer; Sanioğlu Gölen, GökçenurMannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) causes significant losses in livestock, but cross-protection between serotypes is limited. Current commercial vaccines primarily target serotypes 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) despite the increasing incidence of serotype 6 (S6) infections. While leukotoxin (LKT) is a common vaccine target, serotype-1 specific antigen (SSA-1) is often overlooked. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers, crucial for evaluating vaccine efficacy, are not routinely measured. This study aimed to develop a trivalent vaccine targeting S1, S2, and S6 using recombinant LKT (rLKT) and rSSA-1, and to evaluate total IgG and nAbs responses following vaccination in the murine model. Three M. haemolytica strains (S1, S2, and S6) with diverse phenotypic characteristics were selected. A host specificity protein J (250 kDa) was identified in the S6 strain grown in Todd-Hewitt broth. This protein caused widespread bleeding in experimental mouse groups, raising considerations for its inclusion in future vaccine formulations. A trivalent vaccine was prepared by different serotypes (S1, S2, and S6), rLKT, rSSA-1, and Montanide™ ISA 206 VG adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated twice at 21-day intervals. Total IgG and nAb titers were measured using in-house ELISAs and Vero cell neutralization assays, respectively. Total IgG revealed the highest antibody responses against S2 pellet and S6 supernatant antigens. The result of nAb titers in the vaccinated mice; was 1/80 (log101.9) against three pellets (S1, S2, and S6), and supernatant protein (S6) in contrast to 1/40 (log101.6) against other supernatant proteins (S1, S2). The vaccine demonstrated an odds ratio of 0.97. Although total IgG titers against S1 were lower compared to other serotypes, nAb increases were similar across all serotypes, highlighting the importance of measuring nAb titers in addition to total IgG for a comprehensive vaccine evaluation. Challenge studies further corroborated the stimulation of nAbs. The trivalent vaccine effectively stimulated both total IgG and nAb responses against all three serotypes in mice, suggesting its potential for broad protection against M. haemolytica.Öğe Determining the protective effect of a boron adjuvanted vaccine with an experimental infection model in mice(TÜBİTAK, 2023) Sayın, Zafer; Uslu, Ali; Özdemir, Özgür; Başoğlu, Abdullah; Balevi, Aslı; Uçan, Uçkun Sait; Aras, Zeki; Erganiş, OsmanBoron is a required trace element for plants, humans, and animals and it has significant influence over biological functions and the immune system. Vaccines have aided humans in the control of many contagious diseases around the world. The success of global immunization campaigns may be possible with the development of effective and low-cost vaccines and adjuvants. For this reason, the present study aimed to determine the adjuvant activity of easily accessible boron compounds. In this study, six different vaccines were prepared, including inactive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, montanide ISA 50, and ISA 206, ISA 50 + boric acid, and ISA 206 + boric acid combinations. The rate of survival following the challenge, the bacterial load on internal organs, and histopathological findings at the vaccine injection site and in the internal organs were evaluated in vaccinated mice. In addition, the levels of interferon - ? and tumor necrosis factor - ? were measured in the vaccinated seropotency groups. The rate of postchallenge mortality was 50% in the control group, and no mortality was encountered in the boric acid group. The boric acid adjuvanted vaccine decreased the bacterial load and postchallenge abscess in the internal organs and also local inflammatory reactions due to montanide adjuvants in combinations. No difference was found in the interferon - ? and tumor necrosis factor - ? levels between the control and vaccine groups. It was concluded that boric acid can be used as an adjuvant in inactivated vaccines.Öğe Evaluation of boron’s adjuvant activity in inactive bacterin vaccines using the mice model(Humana Press, 2021) Sayın, Zafer; Uslu, Ali; Erganiş, Osman; Başo?lu, Abdullah; Özdemir, Özgür; Sakmanoğlu, Aslı; Uçan, Uçkun Sait; Aras, ZekiVaccination is the most effective, reliable, and economical way of preventing or reducing the effect of infectious diseases. When preparing inactive vaccines, a range of additives called adjuvants are necessary to enhance the magnitude of the immune response. Boron has a wide range of industrial and medical applications, and its positive effects on distinct functions have been described in plants, humans, and animals. However, no studies exist about the possible adjuvant activities of boron compounds in vaccines. Hence, in this study, the potential adjuvant effect of boric acid was explored and compared with common veterinary adjuvants in a mice model. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) used as vaccine antigen was isolated from dairy cows with bovine mastitis. Vaccines adjuvanted with boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, Montanide ISA 50 and ISA 206, and Montanide + boric acid combinations were prepared. The efficacy of vaccines was evaluated according to local reactions at the injection site, C-reactive protein, total Ig G, total Ig M, and anti-S. aureus antibody levels in mice. Boric acid reduced local inflammatory reactions induced by the Montanide adjuvants. Moreover, mice vaccinated with boric acid-adjuvanted vaccine had higher levels of anti-S. aureus antibody than those in the controls (P < 0.05) and were similar to the levels found in mice sensitized with aluminum hydroxide. Total Ig G and Ig M results were, however, unsuitable for the assessment of adjuvant activity for this study. In conclusion, this study revealed that boric acid has an adjuvant potential in inactive bacterin vaccines, but further target animal studies are needed.Öğe Investigation of the nontypical Pasteurella multocida strains obtained from multiple sources, regions, and times: an unexpected increase was detected(TUBITAK, 2021) Sakmanoğlu, Aslı; Uslu, Ali; Karyeyen, Yasemin; Sanioğlu Gölen, Gökçenur; İlban, Ayşegül; Padron-Perez, Beatriz; Tekindal, Mustafa Agah; Erganiş, OsmanIn this study, it was aimed to isolate Pasteurella multocida from 1250 lung samples (calf, sheep, and goat), with respiratory system infection, such as nasal discharge, cough, fever, and to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic properties of this bacteria. As a result, a total of 92 P. multocida were obtained, of which 66 (71.73%) were from calf, 19 (20.65%) from sheep, and 7 (7.6%) from goat. The A:3A type was the most common type with 34 isolates (36.95%), including 30 from calves (45.45%), and 4 from sheep (21.05%). An alternate mPCR protocol was developed to determine capB and capE genes and 5 from 41 nontypical strains were detected as type B (n = 3; 3.26%) and type E (n = 2; 2.17%) via this novel protocol. Twenty-six nontypical strains presented nonmucoid colonies. The serotype of 11 typical and 13 nontypical strains was not able to be determined by mPCR. The prevalences of nontypical P. multocida were significantly (p < 0.01) different by determinants. Nineteen virulence-associated gene profiles were determined, and the highest percentages of genes were ompA (70.65%), ptfA (69.56%), and tadD (64.13%). Also, there was a higher rate of similarity between calf and sheep strains. In conclusion, nontypical strains may commonly cause pneumonia in farm animals. These results may be considered for future vaccine studies.Öğe Mycoplasma infections in dairy cattle farms in Turkey(TÜBİTAK, 2016) Sayın, Zafer; Sakmanoğlu, Aslı; Uçan, Uçkun Sait; Uslu, Ali; Hadimli, Hasan Hüseyin; Aras, Zeki; Özdemir, Özgür; Erganiş, OsmanMycoplasmas cause the most severe and economically costly diseases of cattle throughout the world. In this study, Mycoplasma species were isolated from calves and cows with suspected mycoplasmosis in Holstein dairy cattle farms within 7 geographical regions of Turkey between May 2010 and December 2015. Mycoplasma infections were positive in 17 (80.9%) of 21 dairy cattle farms and the overall percentage was calculated as 32.1%. The highest isolation rate occurred in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (42.8%), and the lowest was observed in the Mediterranean Region (19.6%). In total, 172 Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from samples. Using PCR analysis, 149 (87.6%) isolates were identified as Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis). Eleven (6.3%) isolates were identified as M. alkalescens, 2 (1.1%) were M. canis, and 10 (5.8%) were M. bovigenitalium. The isolation rate was found to be increasing annually. In conclusion, mycoplasmosis is a common problem in Holstein dairy cattle farms in Turkey, and M. bovis is the most frequently encountered cause of mycoplasma infections. The isolation rate seems to have increased in correlation with increased live cattle imports. Additionally, M. alkalescens and M. canis were isolated and identified in respiratory tract infections in cattle from Turkey for the first time.Öğe Türkiye'de mastitisli inek sütlerinde mecC geni taşıyan metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus varlığının belirlenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2016) Sayın, Zafer; Sakmanoğlu, Aslı; Uçan, Uçkun Sait; Pınarkara, Yasemin; Uslu, Ali; Aras, Zeki; Erganiş, OsmanAmaç: Mastitisli ineklerin süt örneklerinden izole edilen ve fenotipik olarak metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) olduğu belirlenen izolatlarda, mecC gen varlığının araştırılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma materyalini mastitisli ineklerden izole edilen 150 adet Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) suşu oluşturdu. İzolatlardaki metisilin direnci sefoksitin disk di-füzyon testi ve ticari PBP2a lateks aglütinasyon testi ile belir-lendi. MRSA izolatlarında mecA ve mecC gen varlığı Polime-raz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) ile analiz edildi.Bulgular: Yüz elli adet S. aureus izolatından 28'inin (%18.6) sefoksitin disk difüzyon testi ile fenotipik olarak metisilin dirençli olduğu belirlendi. MRSA izolatlarının 21'inde (%75) lateks test ile aglütinasyon ve PZR ile mecA geni belirlendi. Yedi (%25) izolatta aglütinasyon ve mecA geni belirlenemez-ken, mecC geni taşıdığı tespit edildi. Öneri: Türkiye'de mastitisli ineklerde mecC MRSA izolasyon oranının beklenmedik şekilde yüksek olduğu ve fenotipik olarak MRSA olarak identifiye edilen izolatların genotipik doğrulanmasında mecC geni yönünden de analiz edilmesi gerektiği kanaatine varıldı.
