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    A molecular and histopathological study on bronchopneumonia in cats
    (Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, 2024) Akçakavak, Gökhan; Tuzcu, Nevin; Çelik, Zeynep; Tural, Ayşenur; Dağar, Osman; Tuzcu, Mehmet
    In this study, it was aimed to determine Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma felis, Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia felis, which cause bronchopneumonia in cats, by Real-time PCR and to compare the pathological findings of the identified agents. The material of the study was constituted of paraffin blocks belonging to the lungs, of which 21 bronchopneumonia were detected in microscopic examination (with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE)) from a total of 78 cats samples brought to Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology for pathological diagnosis. Histopathologically, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI) in the bronchi and bronchiolar lumens, desquamation in the bronchi and bronchiolar epithelium, PMNL infiltration with oedama in alveolar lumens and desquamated alveolar epithelium, PMNL infiltration in the interstitium, and peribronchi and peribronchiolar MCI, and pleuritis were detected. Real-time PCR analysis revealed Bordetella bronchiseptica in 3 (14.29%) cases, Mycoplasma felis in 3 (14.29%), Staphylococcus aureus in 5 (23.8%), and Chlamydia felis in 5 (23.8%). Morever, Mycoplasma felis and Staphylococcus aureus infection was detected in 1 case, and Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia felis mixed infection was observed in 1 case. Our results show that relevant agents can frequently be isolated in cases of feline bronchopneumonia.
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    Determination of Apoptosis, Necroptosis and Autophagy Markers by Real-time PCR in Naturally Infected Pneumonic Pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica in Cattle
    (University of Agriculture, 2024) Akçakavak, Gökhan; Karataş, Özhan; Tuzcu, Nevin; Tuzcu, Mehmet
    Pneumonic pasteurellosis (PP) is defined as one of the pivotal infectious diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. This study aimed to determine the levels of Bcl-2-associated protein X (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3, autophagy related-5 (Atg5), beclin-1 and receptor interacting protein-3 (RIP3) in lung tissues with naturally infected PP caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica, and to reveal their effects on the pathogenesis of P. multocida and M. haemolytica pneumonia. The material of the study consisted of 150 fibrinous pneumonia/pleuropneumonia and 10 healthy lung tissue samples. Relevant samples were examined by histopathological, immunohistochemical and real-time PCR methods. Immunohistochemically, 23 (15.3%) were positive for P. multocida, and 17 (11.3%) were positive for M. haemolytica. Subsequently, the processes of apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis for P. multocida and M. haemolytica were evaluated by real-time PCR. P. multocida pneumonia increased Bax, Caspase-3, Atg5, Beclin-1, and RIP3 gene expressions (4.2, 3.8, 2.9, 2.1, 2.8-fold, respectively), whereas Bcl-2 gene expression was decreased (0.22-fold). While Bax, Caspase-3, Atg5, Beclin-1, and RIP3 gene expressions were increased in M. haemolytica pneumonia (2.3, 1.9, 1.7, 1.2, 4.2-fold, respectively), it was observed that Bcl-2 gene expression was reduced (0.52-fold). The results obtained in the study revealed the importance of necroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy processes in the pathogenesis of PP caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica and contributed to the literature. In addition, we found that the processes of apoptosis and autophagy play a more active role in PP caused by P. multocida, and the process of necroptosis plays a more active role in PP caused by M. haemolytica.