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    Dietary supplementation of Agaricus bisporus by-products on development, egg production, egg quality, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in laying quails
    (Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2024) Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Sevim, Behlül
    The effect of dietary supplementation with Agaricus bisporus mushrooms powder (ABP) from by-products on the development, egg production, egg quality, and antioxidant yolk capacity of Japanese laying quail was assessed. A total of 100 female quails 20-week-old were allotted to 5 treatments (5 replications, 4 females each) and received a basal diet supplemented with six graded levels of ABP (0 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, 5.0 g/kg, 7.5 g/kg and 10.0 g/kg) according to ABP0, ABP25, ABP50, ABP75, and ABP100 groups for 70 days. The results indicated no adverse impact (P>0.05) of dietary ABP on production performance and egg internal quality. A quadratic effect was described for egg-breaking strength (P<0.05) and eggshell thickness (P<0.01), showing the highest values at a dose of 7.5 g/kg ABP. Compared to the control, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) yolk reduction was higher (quadratic) in the 5.0 g/kg ABP diet (P<0.001), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased linearly in all groups fed with ABP (P<0.001) as compared to the control group. The results suggest that the eggs from ABP quails could have an added value that would improve their marketability. The favourable findings of the current research demonstrate that including mushroom by-products in animal feed could reduce animal feed costs and reduce environmental damage.
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    Effect of using hydroxychloride as a copper source on performance, eggshell quality, tibia properties, mineral excretion, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in layer quails
    (Cambridge University Press, 2024) Gül, Esra Tu?çe; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Gökmen, Fatih; Yıldız, Alpönder; Uygur, Veli; Sevim, Behlül; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
    This research aimed to examine the impact of varying levels of dietary copper (Cu) hydroxychloride on the performance, egg quality, yolk antioxidant capacity, tibia traits, and mineral excretion in laying quails. 125 female 10-week-old quails were randomly distributed into five experimental groups with 5 replicates, each consisting of 5 quails. Five experimental isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed to contain different Cu hydroxychloride (54% Cu) levels at 7.20 (basal diet), 15, 30,45, and 60 mg/kg respectively. Quails were fed with trial diets for 12 weeks. Performance, egg production, eggshell quality, and biomechanical traits of the tibia were not impacted (P>0.005) by variations in dietary Cu levels. Yolk antioxidant capacity, measured as yolk DPPH value, exhibited an increase (P<0.01) in the high-dose group (60 mg/kg). Regarding tibia mineral concentration, Cu concentration decreased linearly (P<0.001) with increasing Cu level, manganese and zinc content recorded the highest values in quails that had received 60 mg/kg Cu in the diet (P<0.01), while the lowest phosphorus content was described for 45 and 60 mg/kg. Contrarily, increases (P<0.01) in dietary Cu resulted in raised faecal Cu content, while phosphorus, manganese, and zinc, were reduced when Cu was added. It can be inferred that adding Cu to the diet of laying quails would not be necessary, which in turn decreases Cu excretion and prevents substantial environmental harm.
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    Evaluation of the effect of red cabbage waste on performance, egg quality, and yolk oxidative stability of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Gümüş, Erinç; Sevim, Behlül; Sırakaya, Selim; İriş, Canan; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
    This study investigates the effects of red cabbage waste (RCW) as a dietary supplement on the performance, egg quality, and oxidative stability of yolk in laying Japanese quails. Given its rich phenolic content, RCW has been investigated as a natural feed additive to reduce food waste and enhance poultry diets. In a six-week trial, 120 quails were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates and fed diets with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% RCW. Performance parameters, internal and external egg quality, and antioxidant status were measured. RCW supplementation had no significant impact on overall quail performance. Quails fed with 0.5% RCW showed notable improvements in internal egg quality, especially in the albumen index, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness. Additionally, incorporating 0.5% RCW into the diet improved the yolk’s antioxidant activity, as evidenced by reduced MDA levels. However, other egg quality traits, including the antioxidant capacity of the yolk, had deteriorated with concentrations above 0.5%, indicating that a moderate inclusion of 0.5% RCW is the most favourable option. The findings underscore that RCW could be sustainably used to improve egg quality without compromising performance, while managing food waste, presenting a potential circular economy solution. Nevertheless, further research is encouraged to optimize RCW levels and fully understand its benefits in poultry feed.
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    Performance and meat quality characteristics of male quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed diets supplemented with pomegranate seed oil
    (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC-INIA), 2023) Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa; Gökmen, Seyit A.; Sevim, Behlül; Olgun, Osman
    Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) is a nutritive, antioxidant-rich by-product, and it has been tested as a feed ingredient for livestock. However, studies on quails are scarce. The current study investigated that the effect of PSO on the performance and meat instrumental quality of quails. Area of study: Türkiye. Material and methods: A total of 60 seventy-day-old male quails were equally subjected to 3 dietary treatments con-sisting of 20 birds (5 replicates with 4 birds each). The quails were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 pomegranate seed oil (PSO). After 10 weeks, two birds per subgroup were randomly selected and slaughtered. Main results: Supplementation of PSO reduced (p<0.05) feed intake and body weight gain linearly. However, there was no significant effect of PSO on carcass traits. For color parameters, the L* and b* values of breast and thigh meat increased with the addition of PSO to the diet (p<0.05). Cooking losses were highest in the thigh of quails fed 200 mg kg-1 PSO. On the other hand, in the breast, the lowest values for this parameter were observed in the groups that had received 100 mg kg-1 of PSO. Research highlights: Including 100 mg kg-1 of PSO can improve some meat quality characteristics without affecting performance parameters. There is a possibility that meat quality could be negatively affected by values higher than this. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine the optimal dose of PSO to improve quail meat quality and its performance.
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    Reuse of vegetable wastes in animal feed: the influence of red beet powder supplementation on performance, egg quality, and antioxidant capacity of layer quails
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa; Olgun, Osman; Kılınç, Gözde; Sevim, Behlül; Gökmen, Seyit Ahmet
    The survey was carried out to establish the impact of red beet powder (RBP) on performance parameters and egg quality in laying quails. One twenty hundred (120) female laying quails aged 22 weeks were randomly assigned into five groups of 4 females each, and six replicates. Treatments diets were formed by adding 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% RBP to the basal diet. The dietary inclusion of RBP did not affect performance parameters and egg production (P > 0.05) except feed conversion ratio, which was quadratically affected (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was improved in the 0.4% group with concerning control. The inclusion of RBP did not modify the yolk color (L*, a*, b*) or egg quality (P > 0.05). However, the yolk index showed the highest value (P < 0.05) in quails fed 0.2% RBP. Free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) of the yolk decreased (P < 0.05) when RBP levels increased above 0.6%. In contrast, the 0.6% RBP group had the highest level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Data from the present study provide valuable information to include RBP as an ingredient without affecting performance and egg production. It is an interesting option within the framework of the circular economy and of reusing vegetable products to use this ingredient in animal feed.
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    Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil supplementation: impact on performance, egg quality, serum, and faecal mineral content in laying partridges
    (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC-INIA), 2025) Başer, Eyüp; Sevim, Behlül; Akbulut, N. Kürşad; Çufadar, Yusuf; Halıcı, İbrahim; Kal, Yavuz; Tekik, Havva; Gültekin, Meltem; Sarmiento-García, Ainhoa
    This study evaluated the impact of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) supplementation on performance, egg quality, and serum and faecal mineral composition in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). Area of study: Türkiye. Material and methods: Ninety-layer partridges, aged 32 weeks, were randomly assigned to five groups. Within each group, there were six replicates with three birds/replicate. The experimental design included a control group receiving a basal diet (0 mg/kg TEO) and four treatment groups with diets supplemented with TEO at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg over 56 days. Main results: The results showed no significant differences in performance parameters among the groups (p>0.05). However, egg production and mass were significantly higher in the 50 mg/kg TEO group than in the control group (p<0.01). Additionally, eggshell thickness and yolk index were improved in the 50 mg/kg group compared to the 100 mg/kg group (p<0.05). Serum and faecal mineral compositions did not differ significantly among the experimental groups (p>0.05). Research highlights: These results suggest that incorporating TEO at 50 mg/kg into the diet of chukar partridges may be optimal, as higher concentrations could potentially interfere with nutrient absorption and negatively affect partridge attributes. Nevertheless, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of TEO´s active ingredients in partridge feed.