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Öğe Acute effects of different types of exercises on insulin-like growth factor-1, homocysteine and cortisol levels in veteran athletes(Effect Publishing Agency ( EPA ), 2022) Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Vatansever, Şerife; Topçu, Hüseyin; Şahin, Şenay; Sağdilek, Engin; Taymur, İbrahim; Budak, Ersin; Beyaz, Aylin; Sarandöl, Emre; Pancar, SerkanThis study aimed to investigate acute effects of table tennis(physical+cognitive exercise), aerobic running (physical exercise), and chess (cognitive exercise) exercise sessions of veteran male athletes in their branches on the serum homocysteine (Hcy), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol (Cor) levels. Thirty veteran athletes [10 table tennis players (TT), 10 long-distance runners (LR), 10 chess players (CP)] and 10 sedentary controls (SC) between 50 and 65 years of age participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise to determine serum Hcy, IGF-1, and Cor levels. According to their branch, each veteran athlete performed exercise sessions (70-75% of the participants' heart rate reserve) of 10-min of warm-up followed by 40-min of table tennis, aerobic running, or chess. TT and LR groups demonstrated significant increases in the serum IGF-1, Cor, and Hcy levels from pre to post-exercise (p<0.05). In contrast, the CP group showed significant increases only in the serum Hcy levels (p<0.05). Serum IGF-1 and Hcy, in response to exercise, were not significantly different between exercise groups (p>0.05). LR group had a greater serum Cor increase than all exercise groups (p<0.05). The TT group showed significantly greater changes in serum Cor levels than the CP group (p<0.05). In conclusion, although a single bout of aerobic running and table tennis exercise induces a remarkable increase in all measured biomarkers, chess exercise only elicits an increase in Hcy levels. Although aerobic running is more effective in increasing Cor levels than other types of exercise, the current study's findings suggest that serum Hcy and IGF-1 levels in veteran male athletes are not affected by the type of exercise.Öğe Acute effects of different types of exercises on peripheral neurotrophic factors and cognitive functions in veteran athletes(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2024) Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Sağdilek, Engin; Taymur, İbrahim; Budak, Ersin; Beyaz, Aylin; Vatansever, Şerife; Pancar, Serkan; Topçu, Hüseyin; Sarandöl, Emre; Şahin, ŞenayDespite the clear relationship between exercise and brain health, our knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger such benefits is still limited. We investigated the acute effects of aerobic running (physical exercise, PE), chess (cognitive exercise, CE), and table tennis (PE + CE) exercises on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and irisin levels and cognitive functions in veteran male athletes. Methods: 10 table tennis athletes (TT), ten long-distance runners (LR), ten chess players (CP) between the ages of 50–65 performed 40 min of exercise sessions in their own branches while ten sedentary controls (SC) rested. Before and immediately after exercise, blood samples were obtained, and cognitive function tests [Stroop (ST), Trail Making A/B (TMT A/B), and Mental Rotation (MR), respectively] were conducted. Results: BDNF and irisin levels increased in the TT group post-exercise (p < 0.05). TT and LR groups showed better TMT A-B, ST, and MR performances post-exercise (p < 0.05), whereas the CP group showed better TMT B and MR performances (p < 0.05). The percent change in BDNF levels in the TT group was greater than CP and SC groups (p < 0.05) whereas there were no significant differences between groups in cognitive test performances. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that performing any routine exercise by veteran athletes has acute beneficial effects on cognitive functions. Table tennis is effective in elevating serum BDNF and irisin levels without additive effect in serum neurotrophic factors and cognitive test performances compared to aerobic running.Öğe Comparison of the Acute Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse and Coach Encouragement on Kinematic Profiles During Small-Sided Games in Young Male Soccer Players(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Pancar, Serkan; Soylu, YusufCarbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOmr), a nutritional intervention for delaying fatigue and meeting the energy demands of soccer, and the motivational strategy of coach encouragement (CE) are widely recognized as effective approaches for enhancing athletic performance in soccer. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of CHOmr + CE, CHOmr, and CE on heart rate (HR) and kinematic profiles during four-a-side small-sided soccer games (SSGs). Methods: Twenty-four young soccer players (age: 17.2 ± 0.8 years) played six bouts of four-a-side SSGs with CHOmr + CE, CHOmr, or CE at 3-day intervals in a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, or crossover study design. The HR and kinematic responses were continuously recorded during all games. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in peak heart rate (HRpeak) (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.326, p = 0.723, η2 = 0.014) and mean heart rate (HRmean) (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.845, p = 0.436, η2 = 0.035). No significant differences were found for distances in Zone 1 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 1.21, p = 0.306, η2 = 0.050), Zone 4 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.310, p = 0.735, η2 = 0.013), Zone 5 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 1.02, p = 0.368, η2 = 0.042), or Zone 6 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.161, p = 0.211, η2 = 0.055), nor acceleration (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.208, p = 0.137, η2 = 0.083) and deceleration (p ≥ 0.05, F = 0.790, p = 0.460, η2 = 0.033). Similarly, although no significant differences were observed in the distance in Zone 3 (p ≥ 0.05, F = 3.12, p = 0.054, η2 = 0.119) or repeated sprint distance (p ≥ 0.05, F = 2.96, p = 0.062, η2 = 0.114), the CHOmr +CE group exhibited higher average values for these variables. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the distance covered in Zone 2 (p ≤ 0.05, F = 3.89, p = 0.028, η2 = 0.145), with the CHOmr +CE group performing better, as confirmed by the post-hoc analyses. Conclusions: Although our findings indicate that CE alone may influence kinematic profiles during SSGs, similar to CHOmr or its combination with CE, further research should explore the underlying mechanisms and potential contextual factors influencing these outcomes. Therefore, we suggest that coaches prefer CE because it is easy to implement.Öğe Effects of different doses of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on recovery following acute eccentric exercise(Nurtekin ERKMEN, 2023) Vatansever, Şerife; Pancar, Serkan; Zileli, Raif; Şahin, Senay; Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Topçu, HüseyinThis study investigated the effect of different amounts of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) supplementation on recovery from eccentric exercise. Nine healthy male subjects undertook 4 trials in a randomized crossover design. Participants ingested either a three different amount (2g, 10g, and 20g) of BCAA supplement or placebo before the eccentric exercise. Muscle pain, hunger, vertical jump, balance, and sprint performance were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise, 1, 24, and 48 h. after exercise. All the variables were checked regarding their normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test and data were presented as means ±SD. A repeated-measure, two factor ANOVA was used to examine differences between the four trials over time for balance, speed, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain change. No differences were found at baseline values for balance, velocity, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain for four trials (p > 0.05). While the main effect of time was statistically significant for balance, speed, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain (p<0.05), the main effect of trial and the interaction effect (time*trial) were not statistically significant. It indicated that the measurements changed during the time, but not influenced by different doses of BCAA. In conclusion, there are no significant effects of different amounts of BCAA supplementation on recovery performance after acute eccentric exercise.Öğe Sabit ve sabit olmayan zeminlerde uygulanan şınav egzersizi sırasında kas aktivasyonlarının karşılaştırılması(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2023) Topçu, Hüseyin; Arabacı, Ramiz; Güngör, Ali Kamil; Birinci, Yakup Zühtü; Pancar, SerkanBu çalışmada, instabilite cihazlarında ve sabit zeminde yapılan şınav egzersizi sırasında Pectoralis Majör (PM), Antreior Deltoid (AD) ve Triceps Brachii (TB) kaslarının elektromiyografik aktivasyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 18-25 yaş aralığında 25 katılımcı, sabit bir yüzey, her iki taraf da kullanılan top (BOSU), Pilates topu ve Fonksiyonel egzersiz bandı (TRX) üzerinde çapraz geçişli deney tasarımında şınav egzersizi uyguladı. Katılımcılar 2 saniye iniş, 2 saniye çıkış fazı olmak üzere 3 tekrardan oluşan şınav hareketini sırasıyla 4 zeminde uyguladı. Egzersiz sırasında PM, AD ve TB kaslarının amplitüdünü belirlemek için yüzey elektromiyografisi (sEMG) kullanıldı. sEMG genliği, kasların izometrik kasılmaları sırasında en yüksek tepe tork değerini veren maksimum istemli kasılma (MİK) yöntemi kullanılarak normalleştirildi. PM kasında TRX’te sabit zemin ve BOSU’ya göre önemli ölçüde daha yüksek normalize sEMG amplitüdü (%MİK) değerleri tespit edildi. AD kasında Pilates topunda diğer zeminlere göre önemli ölçüde daha düşük %MİK değerleri tespit edildi. TB kasında sabit yüzey ve BOSU’ya kıyasla TRX ve Pilates topunda önemli ölçüde daha yüksek %MİK değerleri tespit edilirken BOSU’da sabit zemine göre daha yüksek değerler tespit edildi. TRX’te şınav PM, AD, TB kasları için daha fazla zorluk isteyen antrenörler için iyi bir seçenek olabilirken; AD kası için şınav egzersizinde pilates topunu tercih etmek doğru olmayabilir.
