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Öğe Corrigendum to “Pedogenic evidence sheds light on the post-Roman pedo-sedimentological and human history of Tarsus, the Roman capital of CE 60, Cilicia, Mersin, Türkiye” [CATENA 248 (2025) 108544] (Catena (2025) 248, (S0341816224007410), (10.1016/j.catena.2024.108544))(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Kapur, Selim; Akça, Erhan; Kadir, Selahattin; Previtali, Franco; Billor, Zeki; Zucca, Claudio; Casati, Enrico; Eren, Muhsin; Karagöz, Alptekin; Nazik, Atike...Öğe Distribution of microflora, meiofauna, and macrofauna assemblages in the hypersaline environment of Northeastern Aegean Sea Coasts(Coastal Education & Research Foundation, 2013) Bassler-Veit, Barbara; Barut, İpek F.; Meriç, Engin; Avşar, Niyazi; Nazik, Atike; Kapan Yeşilyurt, Sevinç; Yıldız, AyşegülIn this study, the morphology and taxonomy of microflora (charophytes and diatoms), meiofauna (benthic foraminifera and ostracoda), and macrofauna (mollusk) assemblages of the recent surface sediments from saltpans, hypersaline lagoons, and salt lakes of the Gulf of Saros (NW Turkey) were investigated. In total, 44 samples were collected from recent surface sediments in salt pans, hypersaline lagoons, and salt lakes of the Gulf of Saros (Enez Salt Lake, Isik Lake, Kuvalak Lake, Enez Gala Lake, Dalyan Lake, and Tasalti Lake; Karagol, Vakif, and Erikli salt pans; and Uzungol Lagoon), Gallipoli Peninsula (salt pan), Biga Peninsula (Diremin and Azmak Lagoons and Dalyan Salt Lake), and Gokceada Island (salt lake). Surface sediments were collected, and some physical properties were measured, such as temperature, pH, and salt content. Grain size was determined and classified for each sample. In this study, foraminifera, ostracoda, and mollusca faunas in the normal marine environment were used as indicators and compared with the lagoonal environment, which has increased salt content during the summer months.Öğe Drilling and core data from the Gulf of Gemlik (SE Sea of Marmara): Holocene fauna and flora assemblages(General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 2020) Meriç, Engin; Yümün, Zeki Ünal; Nazik, Atike; Sa?ular, Enis Kemal; Yokeş, Mehmet Baki; Büyükmerıç, Yeşim; Yıldız, Ayşegül; Yavuzlar, GülinThis study was conducted to determine fauna and flora assemblages of Holocene sequences from Gemlik Gulf (SE Marmara Sea) and to obtaine their similarities and differences between the assemblages of Gemlik and İzmit Bays. Total of 201 dark gray colored, fine to medium grained sandy clay samples were studied. In the drilled samples, 22 genera and 38 species were identified from the foraminifera characterizing the infralittoral zone. 40 genera and 58 species of foraminifera characterizing the upper circalittoral zone were identified. In addition, Black Sea originated Ammonia parasovica was found for the first time in cores taken from Gemlik Gulf. Nannofossil species characterizing the open-shallow marine environment Emiliania huxleyi, Reticulofenestra parvula, Coronosphaera spp., Syracosphaera spp., Helicosphaera spp. beside Gephyrocapsa oceanica, small Gephyrocapsa spp., Scyphosphaera porosa were obtained. A total of 27 genera and 37 species from ostracods were defined in the samples from gulf. Moreover, the quite abundant mollusc assemblage characterizing the shallow marine environment and fewer genera and species of diatoms were identified. The studied sequence is represented by NN21 Emiliania huxleyi biozone at the Holocene. Foraminifers and ostracods of the Gemlik Gulf are observed as Mediterranean-Aegean Sea originated assemblages. The mollusc shows the shallow marine community.Öğe Fauna and flora of drilling and core data from the Iznik Lake: The Marmara and the Black Sea connection(Elsevier, 2018) Meriç, Engin; Nazik, Atike; Yumun, Zeki U.; Büyükmeriç, Yesim; Avşar, Niyazi; Yıldız, Ayşegül; Sagular, Enis K.; Koral, Hayrettin; Gökaşan, ErkanThe study deals with on the Quaternary connection of the Iznik Lake between the Gemlik Gulf and the Black Sea located in the Marmara Region. The core and drilling data were evaluated. They were collected at two locations and depths from drilling cores and at the three deepest locations of the lake. A total of 510 samples were examined from the lake-bottom cores. Ostracod, mollusc, nannoplankton, ascidian spicule, and diatom assemblages observed at different levels of the drillings were studied. No foraminiferal data were recorded. Molluscan association such as Dreissena bugensis, D. caspia, Monodacna pontica, Clathrocaspia makarovi, Euxinipyrgula milachevitchi, Euxinipyrgula lincta indicate Neoeuxinian age. Amnicythere olivia, A. stepanaitysae, A. striatocostata, Tyrrhenocythere amnicola and Loxoconcha immodulata of the ostracod assemblage, exhibiting Ponto-Caspian origin, were found. In addition, fossil ascidian spicules comprising various species of Bonetia, Micrascidites, Monniotia, and Rigaudia genera were encountered, probably representing Late Pleistocene to Holocene ages. Campylodiscus echeneis, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata Epithemia turgida var. granulata, Epithemia adnata, Nitzschia commutate and N. vermicularis, from the diatom assemblage are genera and species also found in the Iznik Lake and in the Black Sea. Mollusc and ostracod fauna, the Ponto-Caspian origin indicates that the Iznik Lake was connected with the Black Sea and the Marmara Sea in the recent period. Thus, the Ponto-Caspian assemblages indicate the early Neoeuxinian (Surozhian) brackish water inundated the study area. Geochronological ages determined by the C-14 method from the deposits occurring at 53-54 m above present sea level in the Iznik Lake indicate the periods of connection via Iznik Lake during 33,630 to 32,920 cal BP (SK-1) and BP 27,335 to 27,070 cal BP (SK-2). When the position of the deposits is compared with the previously available Late Pleistocene C-14 data obtained from the molluscs identified in the nearby Gemlik Gulf at -76 m present water depth and also with the early Khazarian (Middle Pleistocene) age data on the molusc fauna at 130-150 m heights of uppermost terraces above present sea level to NW of the lake, we suggest the influence of a neo-tectonic regime for the occurrence of comparable age deposits at different levels in the region. It may be proposed that a vertical displacement in the order of a 100 m occurred since the late Pleistocene in the Iznik Lake area and the lake acquired its present features as a result of the tectonic movements. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.Öğe Meiofauna, microflora and geochemical properties of the late quaternary (Holocene) core sediments in the Gulf of Izmir (Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey)(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2016) Yümün, Zeki Ünal; Meriç, Engin; Avşar, Niyazi; Nazik, Atike; Barut, İpek F.; Yokeş, Baki; Sa?ular, Enis Kemal; Yıldız, AyşegülThe Gulf of Izmir has seen the construction of marinas at four locations; Karsiyaka, Bayrakli, inciralti and Urla (Cesmealti). Six drilling holes have been structured for each location. Morphological abnormities observed in foraminifer tests, obtained from these core drillings, and coloring encountered in both foraminifer tests and ostracod carapeces, provide evidence of natural and unnatural environmental pollution. The objectives of this study are to identify micro and macro fauna, foraminifers in particular, contained within sediments in the above-mentioned locations; to investigate the background of pollution in the Gulf Region; and to determine pollution's impact upon benthic foraminifer and ostracods. Cesmealti foraminifera tests did not lead to color and morphological changes. But foraminifera tests samples collected from Karsiyaka, Bayrakli and Inciralti led them to turn black (Plate 4-6). However, concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, Cr and Mn) obtained from the sediments of Karsiyaka, Bayrakli and Inciralti locations are higher than those obtained from the cesmealti samples and high concentrations of these elements may be the cause of the color change in the samples during the foraminifera tests. In Karsiyaka and Bayrakli ostracod samples, Bosquetina carinella, Pterygocythereis jonesi, Semicytherura species; in the Cesmealti/Urla zone, Cyprideis torosa; in Inciralti, Pseudopsammocythere reniformis; and in four zones, Loxoconcha and Xestoleberis species were observed in the range of relative frequency. The same analyses were done on nannoplankton but they did not lead to color and morphological changes.Öğe Pedogenic evidence sheds light on the post-Roman pedo-sedimentological and human history of Tarsus, the Roman capital of CE 60, Cilicia, Mersin, Türkiye(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Kapur, Selim; Akça, Erhan; Kadir, Selahattin; Previtali, Franco; Billor, Zeki; Zucca, Claudio; Casati, Enrico; Eren, Muhsin; Karagöz, Alptekin; Nazik, Atike; Berberoğlu, Suha; Özberk, İrfan; Yeğingil, Zehra; Polat, Osman; Madrau, Salvatore; Zoroğlu, Levent; Dönmez, Cenk; Çilek, AhmetThe ancient city of Tarsus is underlying a sediment of 400 cm where the contemporary Tarsus grew. The diffusely stratified layers of the deposited sediment from the Kydnos (Tarsus) river overlying the Roman Road excavation site located in the heart of the modern city. The sediment is laden with technogenic materials. The profile of the stratigraphic layers represents a Pedocomplex (PDC) and its horizons are the Pedomembers (PDMs). All the PDMs were described and sampled for physical, chemical, mineralogical, micromorphological, and thermoluminescense analyses seeking pedogenic evidences. The origin of PDC materials is a fluvial and/or lagoon environment (archaeologically predicted date, about 60 CE, and they are calcareous, high in available P and some are high in total phosphorus contents). They have been partially modified by human activity in a settlement area, thus bringing some historical evidence suggesting that the site was part of the growing city after its abandonment. Thin sections show a vigorous biological degradation of the organic residues in the PDMs along with occasional evidence of soil-forming processes. The preliminary conclusions were extracted from the results obtained through the newly formed hydroxyapatite (Hap) determined by micromorphology, therefore proposing the new suffix π for the WRB soil naming system. Primary, high temperature and clay minerals together with TL analyses of the layers, were conducted to reveal the provenance and weathering phases of the horizons. The seeds recovered from an inhabited layer helped to interpret the food and medicinal habits of the local society and the contemporary presence of the lagoon.Öğe Ponto-caspian and mediterranean faunal and floral records of upper pleistocene-holocene sediments from the Izmit Gulf (Marmara Sea, Turkey)(Romanian Society of Palaeontologists, 2021) Kırcı Elmas, Elmas; Nazik, Atike; Kapan, Sevinç; Meriç, Engin; Şeker Zor, Emine; Kalkan, Beste; Doğan, Tamer; Güney, AyşegülIzmit Gulf is located between Kocaeli and Armutlu peninsulas at east of Marmara Sea and the interaction area of North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) and Marmara Graben systems. In this study, the faunal and floral contents (ostracod, foraminifer, mollusc and diatom) of the samples belonging to seven drilling cores were studied and obtained the radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age data in order to establish on the Black Sea -Marmara Sea - Mediterranean water connections and palaeoenvironmental changes. The sediments in this study are Late Pleistocene-Holocene aged and only cover the Marine Isotope Stages MIS-5 (interglacial), MIS-3 (an interstadial period between MIS-4 and MIS-2 glacial epochs) and MIS-1. The determination of ostracod and mollusc fauna of the Mediterranean and Ponto-Caspian origin provide important clues to water exchange between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Although some Mediterranean originated ostracods occur sporadically with low abundance, absence of foraminiferal fauna and existence of Ponto-Caspian ostracods together with fresh water and cosmopolitan diatom flora indicate that the area strongly interacted with the Black Sea waters during MIS-5. The faunal and floral characteristics of the sediments deposited during MIS-3, clearly denote that the Izmit Gulf was connected with the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea at the beginning of MIS-3 (ca. 52.0 - 40.0 ky BP) and the shallow shelf areas were frequently affected by both the Black Sea discharge and Mediterranean input. A thick Holocene sedimentary sequence recovered from the southern Hersek Burnu drilling cores reflects the environmental changes after the latest Black-Mediterranean seas connection. The studied ostracod and mollusc assemblages are mainly characterized by the Mediterranean originated species with a few relict Ponto-Caspian fauna. Also, the benthic foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by normal marine and euryhaline species, reflecting the salinity fluctuations in the Holocene interval.
