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    Impact of participation ratios on the stability delay margins computed by direct method for multiple-area load frequency control systems with demand response
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Katipoğlu, Deniz; Sönmez, Şahin; Ayasun, Saffet; Naveed, Ausnain
    This article studies the effect of dynamic demand response (DR) control on stability delay margins of load frequency control (LFC) systems including communication time delays. DR control is a significant tool to control the responsive loads and increase the reliability of LFC system. The DR control effort on the frequency regulation is provided to each control area of LFC system, called as LFC-DR system. Although the DR control provides some benefits to power grid, communication networks equipped in LFC systems cause communication time delays that degrade dynamic stability of the LFC systems resulting in exponential terms in the characteristic equation of LFC-DR system. This study utilizes an exact method to eliminate the exponential terms without any approximation and transform it into a regular polynomial. The method is utilized to identify stability delay margins for various proportional–integral gains and participation ratios of the secondary and DR control loops for the LFC-DR system. The delay margin values obtained are confirmed by time-domain simulations and a root finder algorithm based on quasi-polynomial mapping. Results indicate that the DR control significantly increases stability delay margins and improves the frequency response of the system as compared with conventional frequency regulation methods.
  • Küçük Resim
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    The effect of demand response control on stabIlIty delay margIns of load frequency control systems with communIcatIon tIme-delays
    (Türkiye Klinikleri, 2021) Katipoğlu, Deniz; Sönmez, Şahin; Ayasun, Saffet; Naveed, Ausnain
    ThIs paper studIes the effect of dynamIc demand response (DR) control on stabIlIty delay margIns of load frequency control (LFC) systems IncludIng communIcatIon tIme-delays. A DR control loop Is Included In each control area, called as LFC-DR system and RekasIus substItutIon Is utIlIzed to IdentIfy stabIlIty margIns for varIous proportIonalIntegral (PI) gaIns and partIcIpatIon ratIos of the secondary and DR control loops. The purpose of RekasIus substItutIon technIque Is to obtaIn purely complex roots on the ImagInary axIs of the tIme-delayed LFC-DR system. ThIs substItutIon fIrst converts the characterIstIc equatIon of the LFC-DR system IncludIng delay-dependent exponentIal terms Into an ordInary polynomIal. Then the well-known Routh-HurwItz stabIlIty method Is applIed to fInd those ImagInary roots and the correspondIng stabIlIty delay margIn known as maxImal tIme-delay. Delay margIn results IndIcate that the InclusIon of DR control loop sIgnIfIcantly Increases stabIlIty delay margIn and Improves the frequency dynamIc behavIor of the LFC system IncludIng tIme-delays. TheoretIcal stabIlIty margIns are confIrmed by a proven algorIthm, quasI-polynomIal mappIng-based root fInder (QPmR) algorIthm and tIme-domaIn sImulatIons.