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Öğe Effect of hydraulic retention time on continuous biocatalytic calcification reactor(Elsevıer Scıence Bv, 2010) Işık, Mustafa; Altaş, Levent; Kurmaç, Yakup; Özcan, Samet; Oruç, ÖzcanHigh calcium concentrations in the wastewaters are problematic, because they lead to clogging of pipelines, boilers and heat exchangers through scaling (as carbonate, sulfate or phosphate precipitates), or malfunctioning of aerobic and anaerobic reactors. As a remedy to this problem, the industry typically uses chemical crystallization reactors which are efficient but often require complex monitoring and control and, as a drawback, can give rise to highly alkaline effluents. Biomineralization are emerging as alternative mechanisms for the removal of calcium from aqueous environments. Biocatalytic calcification reactors (BCR) utilize microbial urea hydrolysis by bacteria for the removal of calcium, as calcite, from industrial wastewater. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) effect on calcium removal was studied with a continuous feed BCR reactor treating a simulated pulp paper wastewater. Study showed that HRT is important parameter and HRT of 5-6 h is optimum for calcium removal from calcium-rich wastewaters. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Estimation of environmental impacts on the water quality of İncesu-Dokuzpınar Springs in Kayseri, Turkey(2004) Elhatip, Hatim; Afşin, Mustafa; Kuşçu, İlkay; Dirik, R. Kadir; Kurmaç, Yakup; Kavurmacı, Murat M.Industrial and agricultural activities have directly or indirectly affected the concentrations of a large number of inorganic chemicals in groundwater, for example NO3, N2, Cl, SO4, H+, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, B, Pb and Zn, as well as a wide variety of pesticides and other organic compounds. For reactive contaminants like NO3, it is recommended that a combination of hydrochernical and environmental-tracer analytical approaches might be required to resolve changing inputs from subsequent alterations as causes of concentration gradients in groundwater. The water type of Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs is mainly Na-MgCa-Cl-HCO3. Note that the water types of the Springs were directly related to the hydrogeochemical properties of outcrops at the study area. Thus, the high concentration of Ca+2 and HCO3 is mainly related to the high CO2 contents in the marbles, whereas the high Na concentration arises from the existing syenite, volcanic ash, basalt and clay units, although the ·Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs cover most of the drinking and irrigation water demands at the study area. Therefore, relevant hydrogeochemical and statistical studies were carried out for estimating the mentioned environmental impacts on the water quality of ·Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs. © Springer-Verlag 2004.Öğe Influences of human activities and agriculture on groundwater quality of Kayseri-Incesu-Dokuzpinar springs, central Anatolian part of Turkey(2003) Elhatip, Hatim; Afşin, Mustafa; Kuşçu, İlkay; Dirik, Ramazan Kadir; Kurmaç, Yakup; Kavurmacı, Murat M.Human activities and agriculture have had direct and indirect effects on the rates of contamination of groundwater in the Incesu-Dokuzpinar spring area. Direct effects include dissolution and transport of excess quantities of fertilizers with associated materials and hydrological alterations related to irrigation and drainage. Indirect effects may include changes in water-rock reactions in soils and aquifers caused by increased concentrations of dissolved oxidants, protons, and major ions. Agricultural activities have directly or indirectly affected the concentrations of a large number of inorganic chemicals in groundwater, for example NO3, N2, Cl, SO42, H+, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, B, Pb, and Zn, as well as a wide variety of pesticides and other organic compounds. For reactive contaminants like NO3, it is recommended that a combination of hydrochemical and environmental-tracer analytical approaches might be required to resolve changing inputs from subsequent alterations as causes of concentration gradients in groundwater. The water type of Dokuzpinar springs is mainly Na-Mg-Ca-Cl-HCO3. Note that the water types of the springs were directly related to the hydrogeochemical properties of outcrops at the study area. Thus, the high concentration of Ca2+ and HCO3 is mainly related to the high CO2 contents in the marbles, whereas the high Na concentration arises from the existing syenite, volcanic ash, basalt, and clay units, although the İncesu-Dokuzpinar springs cover most of the drinking and irrigation water demands of this area. The high concentrations of NO3 and NaCl show that the area around the springs is continuously being contaminated by untreated sewage and agricultural wastes, especially during dry periods. Therefore, this approach is based on the vulnerability studies of the catchment area, determination of the transfer time of the pollutant, and the water-bearing formations of İncesu-Dokuzpinar springs. Vulnerability in this study is defined as the intrinsic hydrogeochemical characteristics of an aquifer, which may show the sensitivity of groundwater to be contaminated by different human activities.Öğe The anaerobic/aerobic treatment of Aksaray domestic wastewater at ambient conditions(Diagnosis Press Ltd., 2010) Işık, Mustafa; Altaş, Levent; Kurmaç, Yakup; Özcan, SametWastewater management, as water pollution control and resources management, is one of the prioritized problems of Turkey including in Aksaray. The domestic wastewater of Aksaray City was classified as polluted domestic wastewater when COD was considered. Treatability of wastewater was investigated in this study by using upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor and aerobic completely mixed activated sludge reactor (CMASR), with ambient temperatures for duration of approximately five months. The removal of organic matter differed in direct relation with the water's pollutant degree but was not significantly affected by the temperatures. A total of 58% and 63% of the organic matter was removed in the first and second phases, respectively COD removal efficiency of the system with HRT of 12.7 hours and organic loading rate of 1.47 COD/m(3).day was obtained as 78%. This study states that domestic wastewater in UASB/CMASR could be digested efficiently in Aksaray CityÖğe Tuz Gölü'nün Aksaray ili yeraltı sularına etkisinin coğrafi bilgi sistemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi(Ekoloji Dergisi, 2010) Kavurmacı, Murat; Altaş, Levent; Kurmaç, Yakup; Işık, Mustafa; Elhatip, HatimPlansız yeraltı suyu kullanımının bir sonucu olarak Tuz Gölü'nün tatlı su akiferlerini etkileme potansiyeli artmaktadır. Bu durum Tuz Gölü ve çevresinde zamanla önemli çevre sorunlarını beraberinde getirecektir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin önemli tarım alanlarından birisi olan ve Tuz Gölü'nün güney ve doğu sahillerini sınırlayan Aksaray ovası yeraltı su verileri değerlendirilmiştir. inceleme kapsamında 3 kaynak, 37 kuyu olmak üzere toplam 40 adet örnekleme yapılmıştır. Bir yıl boyunca (Ağustos 2007 - Haziran 2008) alınan örneklerde fiziksel ve kimyasal su kalite parametreleri incelenmiştir. Yeraltı suyu verilerinin daha etkin bir biçimde değerlendirilmesi amacı ile Co?rafi Bilgi Sistemleri'nden (CBS) faydalanılarak inceleme alanının su kalitesi haritaları hazırlanmıştır. incelenen yeraltı suları genel olarak, orta derecede tuzlu ve düşük sodyum içeriğine sahip sulama suyu özelliği göstermektedir. Tuz Gölü'nün güney ve güneydoğu kıyı kesimlerindeki yeraltı sularında tuzluluğun artması, tuzlu su girişiminin varlığını ortaya koyarken, tatlı su akiferlerinin kullanma ve sulama suyu açısından kalitesini de düşürmektedir.Öğe Use of EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) multispectral image data and real-time field sampling for water quality mapping in the HirfanlA +/- Dam Lake, Turkey(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2013) Kavurmacı, Murat; Ekercin, Semih; Altaş, Levent; Kurmaç, YakupThis paper focuses on the evaluation of water quality variations in HirfanlA +/- Water Reservoir, which is one of the most important water resources in Turkey, through EO-1 (Earth Observing-1) Advanced Land Imager (ALI) multispectral data and real-time field sampling. The study was materialized in 20 different sampling points during the overpass of the EO-1 ALI sensor over the study area. A multi-linear regression technique was used to explore the relationships between radiometrically corrected EO-1 ALI image data and water quality parameters: chlorophyll a, turbidity, and suspended solids. The retrieved and verified results show that the measured and estimated values of water quality parameters are in good agreement (R (2) > 0.93). The resulting thematic maps derived from EO-1 multispectral data for chlorophyll a, turbidity, and suspended solids show the spatial distribution of the water quality parameters. The results indicate that the reservoir has average nutrient values. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, turbidity, and suspended solids values increased at the upstream reservoir and shallow coast of the HirfanlA +/- Water Reservoir.
