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Öğe Azadirachtin pestisitinin sazan balığı (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758)'nda hormonal, hematolojik, antioksidan ve histopatolojik etkileri(Aksaray Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2018) Korkmaz, Nuh; Örün, İbrahimBu çalışmada azadirachtin'in ticari formlarından biri olan Neemazal-T/S'nin (10g/L AZA) farklı doz (1,20 ppm ve 2,40 ppm) ve süreye (4 gün ve 30 gün) bağlı olarak Cyprinus carpio'daki hormonal, hematolojik, antioksidan ve histopatolojik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda hormonal parametreler değerlendirildiğinde; kontrol grubuna göre serum BH, IGF-1, TT3 ve TT4 düzeylerinde meydana gelen azalma ile TSH, ST3, ST4, ACTH, kortizol, TNF-?, IL-1? ve IL-6 düzeylerinde meydana gelen artışlar hem akut hem de subkronik sürede doza bağlı olarak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Süreler arası karşılaştırmada ise her iki doz grubunda akut ve subkronik sürelerde serum TSH, ST3, ACTH, kortizol, TNF-?, IL-1? ve IL-6 düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak artış anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ancak süreler arası karşılaştırmada 2,40 ppm doz grubunda akut ve subkronik sürelerde serum ST4 düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak artış anlamlı bulunmasına rağmen (p<0,05) serum TT3 ve TT4 düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir (p>0,05). BH ve IGF-1 düzeylerinin süreler arası karşılaştırılmasında ise akut ve subkronik sürelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Hematolojik parametrelerin analizinde elde edilen bulgulara göre WBC, granülosit sayısı, Hct, Hb, MCV ve MCH değerleri, sadece AZA 2,40 ppm grubunda istatistiksel olarak azalmıştı. MCHC ve monosit oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Süreye bağlı karşılaştırmalar ise WBC, lenfosit ve granülosit oranları subkronik dönemde ve sadece 2,40 ppm doz grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken Hb konsantrasyonu ve Hct değerleri, 2,40 ppm doz grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0,05). Antioksidan parametrelerin değerlendirilmesinde, solungaç ve karaciğer dokularında MDA düzeylerindeki artış; SOD, CAT ve GSH-Px enzim aktivitelerinde ise azalma her iki doz grubunda da kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı bulunmuştur. Süreye bağlı olarak karaciğer ve solungaç dokularında subkronik dönemde MDA düzeyindeki artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken SOD, CAT ve GSH-Px enzim aktivitelerindeki azalmalar istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Solungaç dokusu histopatolojisinde subkronik dönemde epitellerde ayrılma, sekonder epitel lamelde düzleşme ve kısalma doza bağlı olarak artmıştır. Subkronik dönemde karaciğer histopatolojisinden elde edilen bulgular, sinüzoidal boşlukta vakuolar dejenerasyon, mononükleer infiltrasyon ve hidropik dejenerasyondur. NeemAzal-T/S organik bir insektisit olan azadirachtin içermesine rağmen, Cyprinus carpio'da hormonal parametreler, hematolojik parametreler, antioksidan enzim sistemi, solungaç ve karaciğer histopatolojisi üzerine doz ve süreye bağlı olarak toksikolojik etkiye sahiptir.Öğe Effects of pesticide NeemAzal-T/S on thyroid, stress hormone and some cytokines levels in freshwater common carp, Cyprinus carpio L(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Korkmaz, Nuh; Örün, İbrahimIn this study, the effects of azadirachtin (AZA) on thyroid axis hormones [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free/total triiodothyronine (FT3/TT3), free/total thyroxine (FT4/TT4)], stress axis [cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)] and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] levels in carp fish exposed to 1.20 ppm and 2.40 ppm AZA for 4 days and 30 days were investigated. As a result of our study, the increase in serum TSH, FT3, FT4, ACTH, cortisol, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels and decreases in serum TT3 and TT4 levels were found to be statistically significant depending on the dose and time (p < 0.05).Öğe Research of the hematological, antioxidant and histopathological effects of Neemazal-T/S on common carp fish Cyprinus carpio (Linneaus 1758)(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Korkmaz, Nuh; Örün, İbrahimNeemazal-T/S is an organic pesticide that is a commercial form of azadirachtin (AZA). In this study, the common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) was exposed to different concentrations of AZA (1.2 and 2.4 ppm) in acute (4 days) and subchronic (30 days) periods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hematological, antioxidant and histopathological effects of AZA on carp. Total leukocyte count (WBC), granulocyte count, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values were decreased in 2.4 ppm exposure whereas there was an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) level and there wasn't any difference was found in monocyte ratios. In time-dependent comparisons; WBC, lymphocyte, granulocyte ratios, Hb concentration and Hct values were statistically significant in 2.4 ppm exposure in the subchronic period. Increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities in gill and liver tissues were found in both dose groups compared to the control group. Depending on the time, MDA level in subchronic period in both tissues were increased. Also depending on the time SOD, CAT and GPx enzyme activities in dose groups between both tissues were reduced. In gill tissues epithelial separation, flattening and shortening in the secondary epithelial lamellae and in liver tissues vacuolar degeneration, mononuclear infiltration and hydropic degeneration in the sinusoidal space histopathological defects were observed in subchronic period. Our study indicates that Neemazal-T/S has a toxicological effect on common carp hematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme system and histopathology.Öğe Stress, growth, cytokines and histopathological effects of permethrin in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Erdoğan, Kenan; Örün, Gül Nihal; Korkmaz, Nuh; Erkmen, Belda; Polat, Hüseyin; Doğru, Arzu; Örün, İbrahim; Doğru, Mehmet İlkerAlthough permethrin has low toxicity in mammals, it affects many aquatic organisms directly or indirectly due to its high insecticide potential. In this study, changes in the levels of some hormones, cytokines and histopathological effects in the gill and liver were studied in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to permethrin at different doses (0, 10 and 20 ppm) and durations (4 days and 21 days). Permethrin exposure showed significant (P < 0.05) elevation in the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (CORT), tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin 1? (IL- 1?) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) while decrease in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in duration- and concentration dependent-manner compared to the control group. Histopathological findings such as reduction in secondary interlamellar space in the gill tissue, shortening of secondary lamellae, merging, fusion, oedema and telangiectasia were obtained. In the liver tissue, histopathological symptoms such as vacuolization of hepatocytes, passive hyperaemia, mononuclear cell infiltration and hepatocellular degeneration were observed. As a result, it was determined that permethrin had a toxic effect on common carp depending on the dose and duration exposure.Öğe Toxic effects of the synthetic pyrethroid permethrin on the hematological parameters and antioxidant enzyme systems of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio L(ECOTE, 2023) Korkmaz, Nuh; Uğurer, Orhan; Örün, İbrahimThis study investigated changes in hematological and antioxidant parameters of carp exposed to two different doses of synthetic pyrethroid permethrin (control, vehicle, 10 ppm, and 20 ppm) for two different periods (4 days and 21 days). Hematological analyses were then performed on a veterinary Ms4 (Melet Schloesing, France) blood counter using commercially available kits (Cat. No. WD1153). Buege and Aust for MDA, Luck for CAT, McCord and Frivovich for SOD, Lawrence and Burk methods for GSH-Px were used to determine antioxidant parameters. Decreases in RBC count, Hb amount, Hct value, granulocyte ratios, and increases in total WBC and lymphocyte ratios were statistically significant in both dose groups treated with permethrin compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in monocyte ratios (p > 0.05). Overall, permethrin exposure caused an increase in MDA levels in the liver and gill tissues of carp in both dose and duration groups compared to the control group. Also, no statistically significant difference between the two dose groups in the liver tissue was observed in terms of duration (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, the increase in MDA levels in PERM10 and PERM20 dose groups in the gill tissues over 21 days was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, permethrin exposure increased CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px enzyme activities in the gill tissue, while impacting in the opposite direction the liver tissue. Finally, regarding MDA, CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px levels, the control, and control acetone dose groups of all experimental groups were observed to be similar (p > 0.05). As a result, permethrin produced a toxic effect on Cyprinus carpio, triggering changes in blood parameters and inducing the antioxidant enzyme system.
