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    Galectin-3 levels in school aged children with autism spectrum disorder
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Artık, Abdülbaki; Kocaman, Orhan; Kara, Halil; Tuncer, Sibel Çiğdem
    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with underlying pathogenesis and etiological factors not fully understood. We assumed that galectin-3, which is also linked with inflammatory responses, may be central to the ethiopathogenesis of ASD. Method: The current study consisted of 33 psychotropic medication-naive children with ASD and 32 control subjects. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children, Present and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5) was used to screen healthy controls for psychiatric disorders by a psychiatrist after a physical examination by a pediatrician. The clinical severity of the ASD symptoms has been assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Venous blood samples were collected and serum galectin-3 levels were measured. Results: When the ASD and control groups are compared, the mean galectin-3 level is 417.77 (SD = 200.20) in the ASD group and 243.08 (SD = 64.65) in the control group, and there is a statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). When examining whether there is a correlation between galectin-3 levels and CARS total scores, no statistically significant correlation was found between them (r = 0.015, p = 0.933). Discussion: In this study, we examined whether serum galectin-3 levels have a relation with ASD in childhood or not. Our findings have indicated that the children with ASD have higher serum galectin-3 levels compared to the controls. However, no significant relationship has been found between serum galectin-3 levels and ASD symptom severity.
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    The Examination of Galectin-3 Levels in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
    (Kare Yayıncılık, 2023) Artık, Abdulbaki; Kocaman, Orhan; Kara, Halil
    The etiopathogenesis of ADHD involves genetic, environmental, psychological, and brain structural vari- ables. Inflammation is one ADHD etiology study field. Galectin-3 may enhance inflammation by inhibiting the anti- inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). This study examined the link between blood galectin-3 concentrations and ADHD severity and levels in children with ADHD. Methods: The clinic treated 34 first-time ADHD patients aged 5.2-14.1. Non-psychotropic first-time diagnoses were chosen. Patients were compared to 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. After a paediatrician exam, a psychi- atrist screens healthy controls for mental illness using the Schedule for Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia in School- Age Children, Now and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5). Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Conners' Teacher Rating Scale( CTRS) were used for diagnosis by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Results: Mean serum galectin-3 levels were compared between ADHD group and control groups. Serum galectin-3 level was 428.6 (SD±194.4) in the ADHD group and 183.7 ng/ml (SD±49.6) in the control group. ADHD group is found to have statistically significantly higher galectin-3 concentrations when compared to the control group (z=-5.15, p<.001). Conclusion: In our study, it was found that serum galectin-3 levels were higher in children with ADHD and there was a significant correlation between ADHD severity and serum galectin-3 levels. Based on these findings, it is thought that galectin-3 may be associated with the etiopathogenesis of ADHD.