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    Phylogenetic relationships among native Oxytropis species in Turkey using the trnL intron, trnL-F IGS, and trnV intron cpDNA regions
    (TÜBİTAK, 2016) Tekpınar, Ayten; Karaman Erkul, Seher; Aytaç, Zeki; Kaya, Zeki
    We tested the phylogenetic utility of three chloroplast DNA loci, i.e. the trnL(UAA) intron, trnL(UAA)-F(GAA) intergenic spacer (IGS), and trnV(UAC) intron, across thirteen native Oxytropis species. Our objective was to determine whether any of these chloroplast DNA markers could be beneficial to figure out phylogenetic relationships among Oxytropis species. To increase the interspecific sampling, nine sequences of the trnL intron and trnL-F regions were retrieved from GenBank and included in the analyses. No sequence of the trnV intron region was available in the database and so only sequences of the native species were used for the analyses. Phylogenies derived from maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses indicated that the trnL intron and trnV intron regions provided better resolution for relationships among species with respect to the trnL-F region. The highest variable and parsimony informative sites were observed in the trnL intron region, while the lowest sites were seen in the trnV intron. Less variable sites for the trnV intron region were expected since no foreign sequences could be included in the analysis. Oxytropis lazica was phylogenetically separated from native species and clustered with foreign ones when the trnL intron and trnL-F regions were analyzed. The result obtained from the trnV intron region proved that Oxytropis engizekensis Duman and Vural may be a synonym of O. persica Boiss. A previous study that used morphological characters arrived at a similar conclusion.
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    Phylogenetic relationships between Oxytropis DC. and Astragalus L. species native to an Old World diversity center inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK gene sequences
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2016) Dizkırıcı Tekpınar, Ayten; Karaman Erkul, Seher; Aytaç, Zeki; Kaya, Zeki
    Oxytropis and Astragalus represent one of the largest angiosperm genera complexes. Although phylogenetic studies of this complex exist, the evolutionary relationships among Astragalus and Oxytropis species sharing similar habitats in the Old World have not been studied in detail. The phylogenetic relationships among 13 Oxytropis and 56 Astragalus species native to Turkey were inferred from nucleotide sequence variations in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast maturase-like protein (matK) gene regions. In addition to our samples, 36 Oxytropis ITS and 6 Oxytropis matK sequences were retrieved from GenBank and included in the analysis. Phylogenies derived from a maximum likelihood analysis of the sequences indicated that Oxytropis and Astragalus genera are more likely monophyletic. However, the results suggest that New World Oxytropis species did not evolve by a single adaptive radiation in the genus, but rather from different Old World lineages. The genetic divergence between genera was less when the matK region was analyzed. Although the Oxytropis species did not show high genetic diversity, one subcluster of the genus was always distinctly separated in both trees. This subcluster was formed by the species Oxytropis engizekensis Duman & Vural and O. persica Boiss., which are also regarded as synonyms in regard to several morphological characters of the genus.